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Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2022-05-27T20:18:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2021 - Paula do Nascimento Goulart.pdf: 12696775 bytes, checksum: e4efcc1c63466d6b6664c6d3318549e9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-27T20:18:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2021 - Paula do Nascimento Goulart.pdf: 12696775 bytes, checksum: e4efcc1c63466d6b6664c6d3318549e9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-04-29 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior Natural products are one of the main sources of inspiration for development of new drug prototypes candidates. Among products of natural origin, bromopyrrolic alkaloids are of great interest to medicinal chemists because they are a class of exclusively marine secondary metabolites, produced by sponges, and with diverse biological activities. The present work describes design, synthesis and evaluation, in vitro and in silico, of new guanidines and acylguanidines bromopyrrole derivatives designed as structural analogues of oroidine marine alkaloids. Structural planning was based on strategies such as bioisosterism, molecular hybridization and homologation for planning changes in the characteristic subunits of these alkaloids, such as the spacer alkyl chain and the cyclic guanidine subunit. Synthetic strategy explored the condensation reaction between the key intermediate 1-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-3-(4,5-dibromopyrrol-2-carbonyl)-2-methyl-2-isothiourea with different amines and subsequent removal of the protection group (N-Boc) in acid medium to obtain the target acylguanidines. The acyclic guanidinic analogs were obtained by the reaction between the intermediate 2-trichloroacetyl-4,5-dibromopyrrole, or 2-trichloroacetyl-pyrrole, and previously synthesized N,N'-bis-protected amino-alkylguanidines, and subsequent deprotection reaction in acidic medium. We synthesized 32 original compounds (68a-c; 69a-c; 50a-f; 62a-h; 62g'; 62h'; 51a-h; 51g'; 51h') in good yields, among guanidines and acylguanidines (protected and unprotected), which are synthetic analogs of oroidinic marine alkaloids, all characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. In vitro screening for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition, identified guanidine 68c as a non-selective inhibitor of AChE (CI50 of 22.8?M) and BuChE (CI50 of 27.3 ?M) and 50c as a selective inhibitor of BuChE (IC50 of 13.3 ?M). Acylguanidines stood out as selective BuChE inhibitors, mainly free acylguanidines 51a and 51g with IC50 of 4.8 ?M and 3.8 ?M, respectively, and 52c, 52d and 52f with BuChE inhibition greater than 83% at 30 ?M. Structure-activity relationship showed the importance of free acylguanidine function for selective inhibition of BuChE, as well as the presence of bromine substituents in pyrrole ring. The molecular docking studies corroborated by showing the importance of bromopyrrole, acylguanidine and benzyl ring subunits for interaction with the amino acid residues in BuChE active site. Additionally, in silico evaluation of ADME and druglike properties showed that new bromopyrrole guanidines and acylguanidines have the potential for good gastrointestinal absorption and good drug-likeness properties. Os produtos naturais s?o uma das principais fontes de inspira??o para o desenvolvimento de novos candidatos a prot?tipos de f?rmacos. Dentre os produtos de origem natural, os alcaloides bromopirr?licos s?o de grande interesse dos qu?micos medicinais por serem uma classe de metab?litos secund?rios exclusivamente marinhos, produzidos por esponjas, e com diversas atividades biol?gicas. O presente trabalho descreve o planejamento estrutural, a s?ntese e avalia??o, in vitro e in silico, de novos derivados bromopirr?licos guanid?nicos e acilguanid?nicos desenhados como an?logos estruturais de alcaloides marinhos oroid?nicos. O planejamento estrutural se baseou em estrat?gias como o bioisosterismo, hibrida??o molecular e homologa??o para o planejamento de modifica??es nas subunidades caracter?sticas destes alcaloides, como a cadeia alqu?lica espa?adora e a subunidade guanid?nica c?clica. A estrat?gia sint?tica explorou a rea??o de condensa??o entre o intermedi?rio-chave 1-(terc-butiloxicarbonil)-3-(4,5-dibromopirrol-2-carbonil)-2-metil-2-isotioureia com diferentes aminas e posterior remo??o do grupo de prote??o (N-Boc) em meio ?cido para a obten??o das acilguanidinas alvo. Os an?logos guanid?nicos ac?clicos foram obtidos atrav?s da rea??o entre o intermedi?rio 2-tricloroacetil-4,5-dibromopirrol, ou 2-tricloroacetil-pirrol, e amino-alquilguanidinas N,N?-bis-protegidas previamente sintetizadas, e posterior rea??o de desprote??o em meio ?cido. Foram sintetizados em bons rendimentos 32 compostos originais (68a-c; 69a-c; 50a-f; 62a-h; 62g?; 62h?; 51a-h; 51g?; 51h?), entre guanidinas e acilguanidinas (protegidas e desprotegidas), an?logos sint?ticos dos alcaloides marinhos oroid?nicos, todos caracterizados por RMN de 1H e RMN de 13C. A triagem in vitro sobre as enzimas acetilcolinesterase (AChE) e butirilcolinesterase (BuChE) identificou a guanidina 68c como um inibidor n?o seletivo de AChE (CI50 de 22,8?M) e BuChE (CI50 de 27,3 ?M) e 50c como um inibidor seletivo de BuChE (CI50 de 13,3?M). As acilguanidinas se destacaram como inibidores seletivos de BuChE, principalmente as acilguanidinas livres 51a e 51g com CI50 de 4,8 ?M e 3,8 ?M, respectivamente, e 52c, 52d e 52f com inibi??o da BuChE maior que 83% a 30 ?M. A rela??o estrutura-atividade mostrou a import?ncia da fun??o acilguanidina livre para a inibi??o seletiva de BuChE, assim como a presen?a dos substituintes bromos no anel. Os estudos de docking molecular corroboraram os resultados experimentais mostrando a import?ncia das subunidades bromopirrol, acilguanidina e anel benz?lico para intera??o com os res?duos de amino?cidos presentes no s?tio ativo da BuChE. Adicionalmente, a avalia??o in silico das propriedades ADME e druglike mostrou que as novas guanidinas e acilguanidinas bromopirr?licas tem potencial para boa absor??o gastrointestinal e bom perfil drug-likeness.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2021-12-27T13:19:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Soraia John da Silva.pdf: 5511612 bytes, checksum: ca2d10a65171b7045669f36c8841100a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-27T13:19:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Soraia John da Silva.pdf: 5511612 bytes, checksum: ca2d10a65171b7045669f36c8841100a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-09-17 FAPERJ - Funda??o Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Canine Cognitive Dysfunction (CCD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects older dogs and it is very similar to Alzheimer's Disease (AD) in humans. Both pathologies are considered multifactorial and present evidence of b-amyloid deposition; oxidative stress; hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein; imbalance in neurotransmitter levels, such as acetylcholine (ACh) among other factors. Since ACh plays a key role in cognitive processes, this work aimed to evaluate the effect of DCC on enzymes that degrade Ach, also known as cholinesterases, and two enzymes of the antioxidant system: catalase and glutathione S-transferase. Thus, blood samples from 48 dogs divided into 5 groups were evaluated: control, risk group, mild DCC, moderate DCC, severe DCC. This aforementiones part of the paper composes chapter 1 of this thesis. Although there was no significant difference between the activities of these enzymes in the five groups studied, it was possible to observe changes in the average activities of cholinesterases (using acetylthiocholine as substrate), catalase and GST. These differences show that although such enzymes are not shown to be suitable as CCD biomarkers, they may in future be used as adjuvants in the analysis of disease evolution and in the assessment of response to treatment used. Since many AD treatments are based on the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChE), this work also aimed to evaluate the efficacy of infusions, phytochemicals and synthetic compounds in the in vitro inhibition of this enzyme in dog?s brain. This second part of the paper composes chapter 2 of this thesis. The infusion of Peumus boldus presented prominence in this study proving effective in the inhibition of this enzyme and with significant antioxidant potential. The phytochemical quercetin and synthetic compounds Cum3 and Cum4 have stood out as competitive inhibitors of AChE activity. The effect of these compounds, as well as of boldo infusion, on the serum activity of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in dogs was also evaluated. However, all treatments were more effective in inhibiting brain AChE activity than BChE activity in serum. Although the outcomes of this study are still initial, they are promising ones and can contribute to an advance in the studies of new forms of diagnosis and treatment of CCD A Disfun??o Cognitiva Canina (DCC) ? uma altera??o neurodegenerativa que afeta c?es idosos e que apresenta bastante semelhan?a com a Doen?a de Alzheimer (DA) em humanos. Ambas as patologias s?o consideradas multifatoriais e apresentam evid?ncia de dep?sito de ?-amil?ide; dano oxidativo; hiperfosforila??o da prote?na Tau; desequil?brio nos n?veis de neurotransmissores, como acetilcolina (ACh); entre outros fatores. Uma vez que a ACh desempenha papel fundamental em processos cognitivos, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da DCC sobre enzimas que degradam ACh, tamb?m conhecidas como colinesterases, e sobre duas enzimas do sistema antioxidante: catalase e glutationa S-transferase. Para isso foram avaliadas amostras de sangue de 48 c?es divididos em 5 grupos: controle, grupo de risco, DCC leve, DCC moderada, DCC avan?ada. Esta parte do trabalho comp?e o cap?tulo 1 da presente tese. Embora n?o tenha ocorrido diferen?a significativa entre as atividades destas enzimas nos cinco grupos estudados, foi poss?vel observar altera??o nas atividades m?dias das colinesterases (utilizando acetiltiocolina como substrato), catalase e GST. Estas diferen?as mostram que, apesar de tais enzimas n?o se mostrarem apropriadas como biomarcadores da DCC, elas podem futuramente vir a ser usadas como adjuvantes na an?lise da evolu??o da doen?a e na avalia??o da resposta ao tratamento utilizado. Uma vez que muitos tratamentos da DA s?o baseados no uso de inibidores de acetilcolinesterase (AChE), este trabalho tamb?m teve como objetivo avaliar a efic?cia de infus?es, fitoqu?micos e de compostos sint?ticos na inibi??o in vitro desta enzima em c?rebro de c?es. Esta segunda parte do trabalho comp?e o cap?tulo 2 desta tese. A infus?o de Peumus boldus apresentou destaque neste estudo mostrando-se eficaz na inibi??o desta enzima e com potencial antioxidante significativo. O fitoqu?mico quercetina e os compostos sint?ticos Cum3 e Cum4 se destacaram como inibidores competitivos da atividade de AChE. Tamb?m foi avaliado o efeito destes compostos, bem como da infus?o de boldo, sobre a atividade s?rica de butirilcolinesterase (BChE) em c?es. Entretanto, todos os tratamentos foram mais eficazes na inibi??o da atividade de AChE cerebral do que da atividade de BChE em soro. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho, embora ainda iniciais, s?o promissores e podem contribuir para um avan?o nos estudos de novas formas de diagn?stico e tratamento da DCC

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2022-07-27T16:56:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Wellington Oliveira da Cruz.pdf: 14172587 bytes, checksum: 12767101c3271533d8d58b1826cc3777 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-27T16:56:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Wellington Oliveira da Cruz.pdf: 14172587 bytes, checksum: 12767101c3271533d8d58b1826cc3777 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-08-06 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior Alphitobius diaperinus is considered an important issue in the avian environment. Studying your behavior, eating habits and digestive enzymes may indicate important targets in your control. Control of A. diaperinus is considered difficult, its natural enemies are little known, and the use of chemical insecticides is the main method of control. Insect digestive proteases catalyze the production of peptides and amino acids from a protein diet and they are found in the midgut region of insects. Proteolytic activities in the digestive tract of A. diper?nus larvae and adults were determined using azocasein and specific substrates after feeding on different diets. The crude extract of the digestive tract of A. diaperinus larvae showed activity on azocasein and Abz-Phe-Arg-MCA. It was inhibited by more than 50% by E-64 and activated by 2.0 mM DTT at acid pH. Nine bands were detected with proteolytic activity and molecular mass in the range 10 kDa - 100 kDa through zymogram, using 0.1% gelatin as substrate. Different classes of proteases were identified in the presence of classical protease inhibitors such as E-64, iodoacetamide and iodoacetic acid, PMSF, SBTI, aprotinin and TLCK. A higher level of proteolytic activity was observed at pHs between 5 and 6. Although combinations of serine and cysteine proteases have been observed, acid proteases showed higher levels of proteolytic activity. Calcium ion increased the protease activity at concentrations greater than 2.0 mM. Two-dimensional nano-HPLC and ESI-MS / MS analyzes resulted in the identification of proteases such as tripine, cathepsins, metalloproteases, aminopeptidases, peptidases and dipeptidases. High inhibitory potential of different series of imidazolone on cysteine protease was observed, what can be used as control tools of A. diaperinus. O Alphitobius diaperinus ? considerado uma praga importante em ambiente avi?rio. O estudo do seu comportamento, h?bitos alimentares e enzimas digestivas, podem indicar alvos importantes no seu controle. O controle do A. diaperinus ? considerado dif?cil, seus inimigos naturais s?o pouco conhecidos e sendo o uso de inseticidas qu?mico o principal m?todo de controle. Proteases digestivas de insetos catalisam a produ??o de pept?deos e amino?cidos a partir de uma dieta prot?ica e s?o encontradas na regi?o do intestino m?dio dos insetos. As atividades proteol?ticas no trato digestivo das larvas e adultos de A. diperinus foram determinadas utilizando azocase?na e substratos especificos ap?s alimentarem-se de diferentes dietas. O extrato bruto do homogeneizado do trato digestivo das larvas A. diaperinus mostrou atividade sobre azocase?na e Abz-Phe-Arg-MCA e foi inibida em mais de 50% pelo inibidor da ciste?no protease E-64 e foi ativado por DTT 2,0 mM em pH ?cido. Nove bandas foram detectadas com atividade proteol?tica e massa molecular na faixa 10 kDa ? 100 kDa atrav?s de zimograma, utilizando gelatina 0,1% como substrato. Diferentes classes de proteases foram identificadas na presen?a de inibidores de proteases cl?ssicos como E-64, iodoacetamida e ?cido iodoac?tico, PMSF, SBTI, aprotinina e TLCK. Foi observado maior n?vel de atividade proteol?tica em pHs entre 5 e 6. Embora tenham sido observadas combina??es de proteases de serina e ciste?na, as proteases ?cidas apresentaram n?veis mais altos de atividade proteol?tica. O c?lcio aumentou a atividade proteasica em concentra??es maiores que 2,0 mM. An?lises de nano-HPLC bidimensional e ESI-MS/MS resultaram na identifica??o de proteases como tripsina, catepsinas, metaloproteases, aminopeptidases, peptidases e dipeptidases. Foi observado alto potencial inibit?rio de diferentes s?ries de imidazolonas sobre atividade ciste?no proteases, a qual pode ser utilizada como ferramentas de controle do A. diaperinus.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2022-01-19T18:51:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Lin Machado de Lima.pdf: 931751 bytes, checksum: b85decb15478a60703cdbcccab374702 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-19T18:51:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Lin Machado de Lima.pdf: 931751 bytes, checksum: b85decb15478a60703cdbcccab374702 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-07-01 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior Monoamine oxidase [EC 1.4.3.4 (MAO)] is an enzyme located in the outer membrane of the mitochondria, which uses flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor to catalyze the oxidant conversion of an amine in its corresponding aldehyde, also producing ammonia and hydrogen peroxide. MAO activity regulates the levels of biogenic amines present in tissues, especially in the brain. MAO exists as two proteins: MAO-A and MAO-B. These isoforms were defined primarily by substrate affinities and inhibitor sensitivity. Accordingly, MAO-A oxidizes, preferably, serotonin, melatonin, noradrenaline and adrenaline. MAO-B preferably oxidizes phenylethylamine, an alkaloid from the metabolism of phenylalanine. The ingestion of phenylethylamine promotes the release of dopamine that acts in the brain stimulating euphoria. Concerning the inhibitors, MAO-A is preferentially inhibited by clorgiline. MAO-B is inhibited by deprenyl and pargyline. These inhibitors can be used in the treatment of degenerative brain diseases. Since studies have shown that molecules derived from coumarins achieved excellent results as inhibitors of these enzymes, several new drugs derived from coumarin have been synthesized, which a few are very promising in the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. This study aimed to promote in vitro inhibition tests of MAO with new substances derived from coumarin. Among the compounds tested, two of them were shown to be promising as MAO inhibitors of mitochondrial fraction of wistar rat brain, reaching more than 60% inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity. A monoamina oxidase [EC 1.4.3.4 (MAO)] ? uma enzima localizada na membrana externa da mitoc?ndria que usa a flavina adenina dinucleot?deo (FAD) como cofator enzim?tico para catalisar a convers?o oxidante de uma amina em seu alde?do correspondente, produzindo tamb?m am?nia e per?xido de hidrog?nio. A atividade das monoamina oxidases regula os n?veis de aminas biog?nicas presentes nos tecidos, principalmente no c?rebro. Monoamina oxidases existem como duas prote?nas: MAO-A e MAO-B. Estas isoformas foram definidas primariamente pelas afinidades por substratos e sensibilidade aos inibidores. Assim, a MAO-A oxida preferencialmente serotonina, melatonina, noradrenalina e adrenalina. A MAO-B oxida preferencialmente a feniletilamina, um alcaloide do metabolismo da fenilalanina. A ingest?o de feniletilamina promove a libera??o de dopamina que atua no c?rebro estimulando euforia. Com rela??o aos inibidores, a MAO-A ? inibida preferencialmente por clorgilina. MAO-B ? inibida por deprenil e por pargilina. Esses inibidores podem ser usados para o tratamento das doen?as degenerativas do c?rebro. Desde que estudos t?m mostrado que mol?culas derivadas de cumarinas obtiveram excelentes resultados como inibidoras destas enzimas, muitas drogas novas derivadas da cumarina v?m sendo sintetizadas, das quais algumas s?o muito promissoras para o tratamento das doen?as de Alzheimer e Parkinson. O alvo desse trabalho foi promover testes de inibi??o in vitro da MAO da fra??o mitocondrial de c?rebro de rato Wistar com novos produtos derivados da cumarina. Dentre os compostos testados, dois deles se mostraram promissores como inibidores da MAO de fra??o mitocondrial de c?rebro de rato wistar, atingindo mais de 60% de inibi??o da atividade da monoamina oxidase.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2022-01-30T03:02:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Caio Junior Balduino Coutinho Rodrigues.pdf: 2198043 bytes, checksum: 9213cd6ecdcc965bf8a1789f70bb3036 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-30T03:02:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Caio Junior Balduino Coutinho Rodrigues.pdf: 2198043 bytes, checksum: 9213cd6ecdcc965bf8a1789f70bb3036 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-22 CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior Studies using Metarhizium spp. and Beauveria bassiana to control Rhipicephalus microplus have exponentially increased over the last decade. Here, it was reported the subculturing of three Metarhizium isolates in synthetic culture medium (potato-dextrose-agar - PDA) and its effect on enzymatic activity and virulence to R. microplus. For this, samples were collected from the first culture (Initial) and after the tenth (10th cycle) and twentieth (20th cycle) growth. Changes in macromorphology, decrease in radial growth and conidia production, as well as reduction of virulence and Pr1, Pr2 and lipase activities, were detected after the 20th cycle. Next in order, the effects of a potent oxidizing agent (menadione - MEN) were explored in the development, virulence to R. microplus, enzymatic activity and protein secretion of M. anisopliae sensu stricto (s.s.). With low tolerance to MEN, a sub dose (half of LC50) was initially added to the cultures for all experiments. In solid medium supplemented with MEN, significant changes in the macromorphology of colonies and conidial enzymatic activities were detected. In contrast, surprisingly, significant improvements in the percentage of larval mortality also occurred. In basal medium (BM) plus R. microplus cuticle, in 654 identified proteins, 31 were up- and down-regulated, mainly related to antioxidant activity (catalase), pathogenicity (Pr1B, Pr1D and Pr1K), cell repair and morphogenesis. Finally, the activity and secretion of proteins (secretoma) of Beauveria bassiana s.l. during Rhipicephalus microplus infection versus normal growth conditions were described. Applying a multidimensional protein identification technology with samples from BM plus R. microplus cuticle, up to 236 proteins were characterized, being 32 identified in both conditions and 50 exclusively in the infection condition. All proteins were related to different aspects such as host adhesion, cuticular penetration, fungal defense and stress. In this context, a higher number of proteins detected with hydrolysis activity, enzymatic class of all cuticle-degrading enzymes, such as lipases and proteases, were identified and validated through enzymatic assays. In summary, subculturing and oxidative stress, as well as the lack of knowledge about the main metabolites produced during B. bassiana infection, still limit the perspectives of biocontrol, especially the application and the environmental track of products based on arthropodopathogenic fungi used in tick control. Na ?ltima d?cada, estudos envolvendo a aplica??o de Metarhizium spp. e Beauveria bassiana no controle de Rhipicephalus microplus t?m crescido de forma exponencial. O presente estudo avaliou a influ?ncia de repiques sucessivos em meio de cultivo sint?tico (batata-dextrose-?gar - BDA) na atividade enzim?tica e efeitos sobre virul?ncia para R. microplus em tr?s isolados de Metarhizium. Para isso, amostras foram obtidas do cultivo inicial (In?cio) e ap?s o d?cimo (10? ciclo) e vig?simo (20? ciclo) repiques. Apresentando consequ?ncias individualizadas entre os isolados, altera??es na macromorfologia, diminui??o do crescimento radial e produ??o conidial, al?m de redu??o de virul?ncia e atividades de Pr1, Pr2 e lipase foram majoritariamente detectadas ap?s o 20? ciclo. Em outra vertente, foi-se tamb?m estudado o efeito de um agente oxidante (menadiona - MEN), potente indutor de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio, no desenvolvimento, virul?ncia para R. microplus, atividade enzim?tica e secre??o proteica de M. anisopliae sensu stricto (s.s.). Por ser pouco tolerante, para todos os experimentos, uma subdosagem (50% da CL50) de MEN foi inicialmente adicionada aos cultivos. Em meio s?lido suplementado com MEN, mudan?as relevantes no desenvolvimento das col?nias, al?m de atividades enzim?ticas conidiais foram detectadas. Em contrapartida, de forma surpreendente, melhorias significativas no percentual de mortalidade de larvas tamb?m ocorreram. Nas an?lises de meio basal l?quido acrescido de cut?cula de R. microplus, num total de 654 prote?nas identificadas, 31 foram up- e down-reguladas, estando principalmente relacionadas ? atividade antioxidante (catalase), patogenicidade (como Pr1B, Pr1D e Pr1K), reparo celular e morfog?nese. Por fim, a atividade e secre??o de prote?nas (secretoma) de Beauveria bassiana s.l. durante a infec??o em R. microplus e sua compara??o com condi??es normais de crescimento foram reportadas. A partir de meio basal l?quido acrescido de cut?cula de R. microplus, e aplicando uma tecnologia multidimensional de identifica??o de prote?nas, de um total de 236 prote?nas, 32 prote?nas foram identificadas em ambas as condi??es de estudo e 50 exclusivamente na condi??o de infec??o, sendo estas atribu?das a diferentes aspectos como ades?o ao hospedeiro, penetra??o cuticular, defesa f?ngica e estresse. Nesse contexto, um maior n?mero de prote?nas detectadas com atividade hidrol?tica, classe enzim?tica de todas as enzimas degradadoras de cut?cula, como lipases e proteases, foram identificadas e validadas atrav?s de ensaios enzim?ticos. Em suma, destaca-se que o repiques sucessivos e o estresse oxidativo, assim como o desconhecimento dos principais metab?litos produzidos durante a infec??o por B. bassiana, ainda limitam prospec??es futuras para o biocontrole, em especial ? aplica??o e ao monitoramento de produtos ? base de fungos artropodopatog?nicos no uso para carrapatos.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2021-10-24T05:51:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Sheisi Fonseca Leite da Silva Rocha.pdf: 3059409 bytes, checksum: 78e70249053e5be917fab9c80bc8a3b5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-24T05:51:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019 - Sheisi Fonseca Leite da Silva Rocha.pdf: 3059409 bytes, checksum: 78e70249053e5be917fab9c80bc8a3b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-29 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior Shp2, along with Shp1, forms a small family of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Studies suggest that although inhibition of Shp2 is advantageous for the treatment of some types of cancer, inhibition of Shp1 may have the opposite effect because it acts as a tumor suppressor. In this way, we sought to develop an in silico methodology capable of identifying more selective Shp2 inhibitors. In this work, we showed that in spite of the thermodynamic complexity involved in the enzyme/inhibitor interaction, it was possible to correlate the selectivity of two series (76 compounds) with the difference of the enthalpy of interaction calculated in both enzymes. The interaction profile of the inhibitors with Shp2 and Shp1 were initially obtained by molecular docking. After the refinement of the geometries of the enzyme / inhibitor complexes with the semi-empirical molecular orbital PM7 method, the enthalpy values of the interaction were obtained. For the series 1, composed of 52 selective inhibitors of Shp2, we demonstrated that the enthalpy of interaction can be used as a reliable criterion for the identification of selective inhibitors for Shp2, since it was significantly more favorable for Shp2 than for Shp1 with a confidence level of 99%. For series 2, composed of 24 compounds, a satisfactory correlation (R = 0.70) could be obtained between the selectivity and the relative percentage difference of the calculated enthalpies of interaction in both enzymes. Another objective of this work was to construct a model of prediction of the activity of inhibitors of Shp2 using as empirical basis the series 1 to validate it later with the series 2. Due to the presence of negatively charged inhibitors within the series, it was necessary to consider the electrolytic effect, correcting the experimental values of inhibitory activity, since such data refer to formal concentrations and the thermodynamic constant involves effective concentrations. For this it was necessary to calculate the ionic strength of the reaction medium and to estimate the activity coefficients of the species involved in the enzyme /inhibitor dissociation equilibrium through the Guntelberg equation. The construction of the model was based on literature proposals on the use of thermodynamic cycles to calculate the free energy of interaction between ligands and enzymes. In this sense, terms related to the enthalpy of interaction of the enzyme / inhibitor complex, the energy of solvation of the ligand and the entropic losses due to rotational restrictions were obtained after their interaction with the enzyme. These terms were correlated through linear multiple regression with experimental data of inhibition. In this way it was possible to develop a prediction model of the activity of inhibitors of Shp2 with good correlation with experimental data (R = 0.83). This model was validated satisfactorily (R = 0.73) with series 2 and used in the prediction of the relative activity of new compounds. A Shp2, juntamente com a Shp1, forma uma pequena fam?lia de prote?nas tirosina fosfatases. Estudos sugerem que, embora a inibi??o da Shp2 seja vantajosa para o tratamento de alguns tipos de c?ncer, a inibi??o da Shp1 pode ter o efeito oposto, pois atua como supressora de tumores. Desta forma, buscou-se desenvolver uma metodologia in silico capaz de identificar inibidores da Shp2 mais seletivos. Neste trabalho, mostramos que apesar da complexidade termodin?mica envolvida na intera??o enzima/inibidor, foi poss?vel correlacionar a seletividade de duas s?ries (76 compostos) com a diferen?a das entalpias de intera??o calculadas em ambas as enzimas. Os perfis de intera??o dos inibidores com a Shp2 e a Shp1 foram inicialmente obtidos por docagem molecular. Ap?s o refinamento das geometrias dos complexos enzima/inibidor com o m?todo do orbital molecular semi-emp?rico PM7, foram obtidos os valores de entalpia de intera??o. Para a s?rie 1, composta por 52 inibidores seletivos da Shp2, demonstramos que a entalpia de intera??o pode ser usada como um crit?rio confi?vel para a identifica??o de inibidores seletivos para a Shp2, pois foi significativamente mais favor?vel para Shp2 do que para a Shp1 com um n?vel de confian?a de 99%. Para a s?rie 2, composta por 24 compostos, uma correla??o satisfat?ria (R = 0,70) p?de ser obtida entre a seletividade e a diferen?a percentual relativa das entalpias de intera??o calculadas em ambas as enzimas. Outro objetivo deste trabalho foi construir um modelo de predi??o da atividade de inibidores da Shp2 utilizando como base emp?rica a s?rie 1 e posteriormente, validar com a s?rie 2. Devido ? presen?a de inibidores carregados negativamente dentro das s?ries estudadas, foi necess?rio considerar o efeito eletrol?tico, corrigindo os valores experimentais de atividade inibit?ria (CI50), uma vez que tais dados se referem a concentra??es formais e a constante termodin?mica envolve concentra??es efetivas. Para isso foi necess?rio calcular a for?a i?nica do meio reacional e estimar os coeficientes de atividade das esp?cies envolvidas no equil?brio de dissocia??o enzima/inibidor atrav?s da equa??o de Guntelberg. A constru??o do modelo se baseou em propostas da literatura sobre o uso de ciclos termodin?micos para se calcular a energia livre de intera??o entre ligantes e enzimas. Neste sentido, foram obtidos termos referentes ? entalpia de intera??o do complexo enzima/inibidor, a energia de solvata??o do ligante e as perdas entr?picas devido a restri??es rotacionais ap?s a intera??o do mesmo com a enzima. Estes termos foram correlacionados atrav?s de regress?o m?ltipla linear com dados experimentais de inibi??o. Desta forma foi poss?vel desenvolver um modelo de predi??o da atividade de inibidores da Shp2 com boa correla??o com dados experimentais (R= 0,83). Este modelo foi validado de forma satisfat?ria (R=0,73) atrav?s da s?rie 2 e utilizado na predi??o da atividade relativa de novos compostos.

Submitted by Leticia Schettini (leticia@ufrrj.br) on 2022-02-11T14:20:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Tamires Gon?alves Santana.pdf: 4278915 bytes, checksum: 02aabca6a487cad013953d2faf604699 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-11T14:20:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Tamires Gon?alves Santana.pdf: 4278915 bytes, checksum: 02aabca6a487cad013953d2faf604699 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-12 CAPES The concept of place is important for the study of immediate student's reality and of the school, and especially of the Geography subject, which has a crucial role in the study of this concept. The research has as general objective to analyze how the concept of place helps in the construction of Elementary School students' identity in Belford Roxo, RJ. In terms of methods, it started with the case study, which investigates in a specific form a determined situation. The research was carried out with a 6th grade group of Elementary School, from Centro Educacional Elion, a school located in the municipality of Belford Roxo. The theoretical and methodological basis of this investigation followed the principles of qualitative research, with the literature review guided by Tuan, Leite, Carlos, Cavalcanti, Cardoso, Lefebvre, Woodward, Silva, Hall, Andr?, L?dke, Deus, Cunha, Maciel, Chizzotti, Magalh?es et al., Matain and Sim?es. In order to understand the sense of belonging the students have with the municipality of Belford Roxo, pedagogical workshops were carried out with the agenda focused on the studied municipality. The data collected in the workshops and the relation of these with the theoretical reference were crucial to understand the identity that the students have with the municipality of Belford Roxo. According to the results obtained, it was observed the difficulty of the students in recognizing the municipality as a place of belonging; most of them portrayed the city as an extremely violent place with few areas of interest. After the workshops, there were deep changes on their thoughts and the students began to look more closely at the municipality, and also realizing its potential and its leisure areas. O conceito de lugar ? importante para o estudo da realidade imediata dos alunos e da escola, sobretudo, da disciplina de geografia, que tem um papel crucial no estudo deste conceito. A pesquisa tem como objetivo geral analisar como o conceito de lugar auxilia na constru??o da identidade dos estudantes do Ensino Fundamental em Belford Roxo, RJ. Em termos de metodologia, partiu-se do estudo de caso, que investiga de forma particular uma determinada situa??o. A pesquisa foi realizada com uma turma de 6? ano de escolaridade do Ensino Fundamental, do Centro Educacional Elion, escola que fica localizada no munic?pio de Belford Roxo. As bases te?ricas e metodol?gicas dessa investiga??o seguiram os princ?pios da pesquisa qualitativa, com o levantamento bibliogr?fico pautado em Tuan, Leite, Carlos, Cavalcanti, Brasil, Cardoso, Lefebvre, Woodward, Silva, Hall, Andr?, L?dke, Deus, Cunha, Maciel, Chizzotti, Magalh?es et al., Matain e Sim?es. Para perceber o sentimento de pertencimento dos estudantes ao munic?pio de Belford Roxo, foram realizadas oficinas pedag?gicas com as tem?ticas voltadas para o munic?pio estudado. Os dados coletados nas oficinas e a rela??o destes com o referencial te?rico foram cruciais para compreender a identidade que os estudantes t?m com rela??o ao munic?pio de Belford Roxo. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, notou-se a dificuldade dos estudantes em reconhecer o munic?pio como um lugar de pertencimento; a maioria retratou a cidade como um local extremamente violento e com poucas ?reas de interesse. Ap?s as oficinas, houve mudan?as significativas nesses tipos de pensamento, e os alunos passaram a observar mais atentamente o munic?pio, percebendo tamb?m suas potencialidades e ?reas de lazer.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2021-05-27T11:55:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Elizabeth Teixeira de Almeida Ramos.pdf: 3348904 bytes, checksum: 4d2882d0af7f3a837dbca740e865f714 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-27T11:55:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Elizabeth Teixeira de Almeida Ramos.pdf: 3348904 bytes, checksum: 4d2882d0af7f3a837dbca740e865f714 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-27 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES Gluconacin is a bacteriocin produced by the diazotrophic bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain PAL5. The present study aimed to establish the best conditions for heterologous production and purification of this antimicrobial peptide and to evaluate its spectrum on phytopathogens and beneficial bacteria of importance for sugarcane and tomato crops. In vitro evaluations were performed to elucidate the mechanism of action of this bacteriocin, as well as to verify its stability against physical and chemical changes. The biotechnological potential of gluconacin was tested in vivo in tomato plants the protection against Xanthomonas perforans, causal agent of the bacterial spot. The results demonstrated that recombinant gluconacin was expressed and purified satisfactorily. This antimicrobial agent demonstrated a broad spectrum of action, inhibiting growth of all bacterial phytopathogens evaluated. In addition, gluconacin has also shown antagonism against some beneficial strains belonging to species of Bacillus and other strains of G. diazotrophicus. Phytopathogen Xanthomonas albilineans cells (model microorganism) treated with bacteriocin showed loss of inorganic phosphate and UV absorbing compounds. Scanning microscopy analyzes demonstrated that the cells were fully lysed after treatment, suggesting that bacteriocin gluconacin alters the integrity of the membrane and increases its permeability, resulting in complete cell lysis. The physico-chemical characterization results indicated stability of the antibacterial activity at high temperatures and acid pH's, while a reduction of this activity was observed after treatment with some proteases and surfactants. Greenhouse evaluations showed a significant reduction of bacterial spot symptoms in plants treated with the antimicrobial peptide, suggesting a great biotechnological potential Gluconacina ? uma bacteriocina produzida pela bact?ria diazotr?fica Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, estirpe PAL5. O presente estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer as melhores condi??es para produ??o heter?loga e purifica??o desse pept?deo antimicrobiano, e avaliar seu espectro de a??o sobre fitopat?genos e bact?rias ben?ficas de import?ncia para as culturas de cana-de-a??car e tomate. Foram realizadas avalia??es in vitro para elucidar o mecanismo de a??o dessa bacteriocina, al?m de verificar sua estabilidade frente ? altera??es f?sicas e qu?micas. O potencial biotecnol?gico da gluconacina foi testado in vivo em plantas de tomate na prote??o contra Xanthomonas perforans, agente causal da mancha bacteriana. Os resultados demonstraram que a gluconacina recombinante foi expressa e purificada de forma satisfat?ria. Este agente antimicrobiano demonstrou amplo espectro de atua??o, inibindo o crescimento de todos os fitopat?genos bacterianos avaliados. Em adi??o, a gluconacina tamb?m demonstrou antagonismo contra algumas estirpes ben?ficas pertencentes a esp?cies de Bacillus e outras estirpes de G. diazotrophicus. C?lulas do fitopat?geno X. albilineans (microrganismo modelo) tratadas com a bacteriocina apresentaram perda de fosfato inorg?nico e compostos absorventes de UV. As an?lises de microscopia de varredura demonstraram que as c?lulas foram totalmente lisadas ap?s o tratamento, sugerindo que a bacteriocina gluconacina altera a integridade da membrana e aumenta sua permeabilidade, resultando em completa lise celular. Os resultados de caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica indicaram estabilidade da atividade antibacteriana em altas temperaturas e pH?s ?cidos, enquanto foi observada redu??o dessa atividade ap?s o tratamento com algumas proteases e surfactantes. As avalia??es em casa de vegeta??o demonstraram significativa redu??o dos sintomas da mancha bacteriana em plantas tratadas com o pept?deo antimicrobiano, sugerindo grande potencial biotecnol?gico.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2021-06-28T15:43:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Henderson da Silva Neiva.pdf: 6844650 bytes, checksum: 665b3495188efe834dfc4e8ebeb9ea83 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-28T15:43:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2018 - Henderson da Silva Neiva.pdf: 6844650 bytes, checksum: 665b3495188efe834dfc4e8ebeb9ea83 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-04 This study aims to analyze the relation between the climatic behavior of the city of Rio de Janeiro / RJ and the occurrence of dengue fever cases registered each year, between 2008 and 2016, for the neighborhoods of Santa Cruz and Copacabana, located in the West and South Zones, respectively. In the aspect of climatic data, the research takes as analysis on the temperature and the rainfall and performing the correlation with the cases of dengue fever for the quarter of greater concentration of cases for each year studied. In the scope of social scale, the data of collection of garbage, sewage service, water supply, demographic density and per capita income were analyzed. Thus, it was concluded that during most of the analyzed period, autumn was the season with the highest concentration of dengue fever cases, with a greater presence in the months of March, April and May, evidencing the influence of climatic elements in the seasonality during the year. It was indentified a minimum thermal threshold of 21,51?C, maximum of 31,01?C and a week average rainfall of 26,71mm for Santa Cruz, since Copacabana was identified with the minimum favorable thermal threshold of 22,81?C, maximum of 28,08?C and a week average rainfall of 39,16mm. Although Copacabana has the best social indicators, the neighborhood was for 5 years, during the 9 ones analyzed, with the greater dengue fever incidence when compared to Santa Cruz. Thus, it is believed that one of the reasons for such a lower notification to Santa Cruz may be the underreporting caused in the peripheral neighborhoods, since in many cases the population when is sick does not go to the hospitals to get help, so the registration of the cases does not occur, besides the possible greater circulation of serotypes of dengue fever in Copacabana because it is a neighborhood with great touristic circulation, and, also, due to the bigger demographic density in Copacabana Este trabalho tem como proposta analisar a rela??o entre o comportamento clim?tico da cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ com a ocorr?ncia de casos de dengue registrados a cada ano, no per?odo de 2008 at? 2016, para os bairros de Santa Cruz e Copacabana, localizados nas Zonas Oeste e Sul, respectivamente. No aspecto dos dados clim?ticos, a pesquisa toma como an?lise a temperatura e a pluviosidade realizando a correla??o com os casos de dengue para o trimestre de maior concentra??o de notifica??es para cada ano estudado. No ?mbito da escala social, foram analisados os dados de coleta de lixo, servi?o de esgoto, abastecimento de ?gua, densidade demogr?fica e a renda per capita. Assim, chegou-se a conclus?o que durante a maior parte do per?odo analisado, o outono foi a esta??o com a maior concentra??o de casos de dengue, havendo maior presen?a nos meses de mar?o, abril e maio, evidenciando a influ?ncia dos elementos clim?ticos na sazonalidade da doen?a ao longo do ano. Foi identificado como favor?vel um limiar t?rmico m?nimo de 21,51?C, m?ximo de 31,01?C e a m?dia pluviom?trica semanal de 26,71mm para Santa Cruz, j? para Copacabana, o limiar t?rmico m?nimo favor?vel foi de 22,81?C, m?ximo de 28,08?C e a m?dia pluviom?trica semanal foi de 39,16mm. Apesar de Copacabana possuir os melhores indicativos sociais, o bairro esteve por 5 anos, dos 9 analisados, com a incid?ncia de dengue maior quando comparado com Santa Cruz. Deste modo, acredita-se que um dos motivos para tal notifica??o menor para Santa Cruz possa ser a subnotifica??o causada em bairros mais perif?ricos, pois em muitos casos a popula??o quando adoecida n?o vai ao sistema de sa?de obter ajuda, logo, n?o ocorre o registro para os casos, al?m da poss?vel maior circula??o de sorotipos do v?rus da dengue em Copacabana por ser um bairro de grande circula??o tur?stica e, tamb?m, a maior densidade demogr?fica que Copacabana possui

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-04T12:42:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Isabela Batista de Medeiros.pdf: 1181183 bytes, checksum: bdd5bab5dcf737645848c0fe2fbaa991 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-04T12:42:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Isabela Batista de Medeiros.pdf: 1181183 bytes, checksum: bdd5bab5dcf737645848c0fe2fbaa991 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-08 When we turn our attention to education we realize that many challenges need to be overcome, among them: problems in the initial formation of the teacher, the higher valorization of the baccalaureate to the detriment of the degrees, the devaluation of the teacher in the social and economic scope, the distance between the University and the School, dichotomy between theory and practice. We then perceive that the initial formation of the future teacher, as well as the continuing and in-service training, is of the utmost importance. For this reason, the incentive of programs such as the Institutional Scholarship Program (PIBID) can help these students, future education professionals, to face with greater certainty the challenges posed by contemporary education within the real need of the school, where problems are common to all who are part of it. In this context, this paper aims to analyze how PIBID influences the training of students of the Geography course of the Multidisciplinary Institute of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. Quando direcionamos nosso olhar para a educa??o percebemos que muitos desafios precisam ser superados, dentre eles: problemas na forma??o inicial do professor, a maior valoriza??o do bacharelado em detrimento das licenciaturas, a desvaloriza??o do professor no ?mbito social e econ?mico, a dist?ncia entre a Universidade e a Escola, dicotomia entre a teoria e a pr?tica. Percebemos ent?o o quanto a forma??o inicial do futuro docente, assim como a forma??o continuada e em servi?o, ? de extrema import?ncia. Por isso, o incentivo de programas como o Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Inicia??o ? Doc?ncia (PIBID), podem ajudar esses estudantes, futuros profissionais da educa??o, a enfrentar, com maior seguran?a os desafios postos pela educa??o contempor?nea dentro da real necessidade da escola, onde os problemas s?o comuns a todos que dela fazem parte. Diante deste contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar como o PIBID influencia na forma??o dos alunos do curso de Geografia do Instituto Multidisciplinar da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2021-03-23T19:27:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Rodrigo Xavier D'Almeida.pdf: 2883059 bytes, checksum: a0fe6aa94e58d6aeea892ea1d381cf50 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-23T19:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Rodrigo Xavier D'Almeida.pdf: 2883059 bytes, checksum: a0fe6aa94e58d6aeea892ea1d381cf50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-05 One of the major global challenges related to climate change is to empower communities and assist in their preparation, prevention, response and structuring in the face of socio-environmental disasters. From the research of school experiences to reduce risks in Brazil and having as a field of study the schools participating in the Resilient School Project in the city of Petr?polis-RJ, this research seeks to respond if the introduction of practices for disaster risk reduction in the curriculum of education can make the school environment safer and if the protagonism and participation of young people can influence in the decision making to build school environments resilient to the disasters. The objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the application of the Practical / Colaborative Curriculum for Disaster Risk Reduction proposed in the Resilient School Project. The methodologies used for this research were a knowledge, attitudes and practices baseline / final questionnaire conducted at the beginning / end of the 2016 academic year and the Action Research structured by the creation of research commissions formed by participants from the Resilient School Project to build a theoretical framework, monitor and record the meetings and systematize the practices developed in the project. The expected results of the research point to increased risk perception in these schools and to the development of capacities to prevent and mitigate in these school territories. Throughout the process of participatory observation, young people have been protagonists of transformations in the school environment and able to lead and mobilize groups to reduce and prevent risks. Um dos grandes desafios globais relacionados ?s mudan?as clim?ticas ? capacitar comunidades e auxiliar sua prepara??o, preven??o, resposta e estrutura??o frente aos desastres socioambientais. A partir da pesquisa de experi?ncias escolares para reduzir riscos no Brasil e no mundo e tendo como campo de estudos as escolas participantes do Projeto ?Escola Resiliente?, no munic?pio de Petr?polis, Rio de Janeiro, esta pesquisa busca responder se a introdu??o de pr?ticas colaborativas para redu??o de risco de desastres na grade curricular de educa??o pode tornar o ambiente escolar mais seguro e se o protagonismo e participa??o de jovens podem influenciar nas tomadas de decis?o para construir ambientes escolares resilientes aos desastres. O objetivo desta disserta??o ? avaliar a aplica??o do Curr?culo Pr?tico/Colaborativo para Redu??o de Risco de Desastres proposto no Projeto ?Escola Resiliente?. As metodologias utilizadas para esta pesquisa foram question?rios sobre conhecimentos, atitudes e pr?ticas realizados no in?cio/final do ano letivo de 2016 e uma pesquisa-a??o estruturada a partir da cria??o de comiss?es de pesquisa, formadas por participantes do Projeto ?Escola Resiliente? para construir um marco te?rico, acompanhar e registrar os encontros e para sistematizar as pr?ticas desenvolvidas no projeto. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam para o aumento da percep??o do risco nestas escolas e para o desenvolvimento das capacidades para prevenir e mitigar nestes territ?rios escolares. Os jovens, ao longo do processo de observa??o participativa, se mostraram sujeitos protagonistas de transforma??es no ambiente escolar e capazes de liderar e mobilizar grupos para reduzir e prevenir riscos.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2021-03-10T18:56:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Giselle Eler Amorim Dias.pdf: 3519024 bytes, checksum: ad3ee0a56c58dd86a75866d38daf5063 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-10T18:56:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Giselle Eler Amorim Dias.pdf: 3519024 bytes, checksum: ad3ee0a56c58dd86a75866d38daf5063 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-29 One of the major obstacles to the production of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is the formulation of diets that meet the nutritional needs of the species in captivity. In view of this, the use of functional foods in animal diet has been valued due to the health benefits that these foods can promote. The Ulva fasciata macroalga has biological activities, such as antioxidant and antiflammatory action. Therefore, this study aimed to include Ulva fasciata meal as a functional ingredient in the diet for this species. Thus, contributing to the development of sustainable techniques of beijupir? production, a multi-trophic aquaculture unit integrated in a water recirculation system was set up, with U. fasciata being one of the filtration stages. For the evaluation of the efficiency of the use of macroalga in the diet of the fish, isoproteic, isoproteic and isocaloric pelleted diets with inclusion of Ulva fasciata meal (0.00; 5.00, 10.00 and 15.00%) with three replicates per treatment. Twenty fish were distributed in each experimental unit of 310 L. To evaluate the performance at 62 and 94 days of experiment, cobia juveniles were fasted for 24 hours. The parameters evaluated were: food intake, final weight, weight gain, feed conversion, length, food efficiency index, food consumption index, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor. Responses to the increasing values of Ulva fasciata meal were evaluated by regression analysis for performance parameters, and analyzed using the quadratic regression models, according to the best fit obtained for each variable. The results were submitted to the analysis of variance by means of the test of means (Tukey) at 5% probability of error, for the following parameters: body weight, viscera weight, liver weight, viscerosomal index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HIS), body composition of eviscerated fish, catalase activities, glutathione S-transferase and morphometric measurements of the small intestine. The statistical program used was SISVAR. For the two evaluated periods, there was no significant difference for feed intake. In the other parameters evaluated there was a significant difference at 62 and 94 days of experimentation, and for all parameters the best inclusion percentage of the macroalga was 10%. There were differences for fish weight at 94 days and viscera weight. There was no difference for liver weight, VSI and HSI. There was a significant effect for mitochondrial and cytoplasmic catalase activity of the liver at 94. There were significant differences for body composition of eviscerated gossy juveniles. The moisture, ashes and protein of the body composition did not differ between the treatments. The percentage of lipids of the fish that did not receive the U. fasciata meal was significantly lower than the fish that received 10 and 15%. There was no difference for intestinal morphometry. The U. fasciata macroalga can be included in diets for cobia juvenile Um dos maiores entraves para a produ??o de beijupir? (Rachycentron canadum) ? a formula??o de dietas, que venham atender ?s necessidades nutricionais da esp?cie em cativeiro. Em vista disso, a utiliza??o de alimentos funcionais em dieta animal tem sido valorizada devido aos benef?cios ? sa?de que esses alimentos podem promover. A macroalga Ulva fasciata possui atividades biol?gicas, como a??o antioxidante e antiflamat?ria. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo incluir o farelo de Ulva fasciata como ingrediente funcional na dieta para a cria??o dessa esp?cie. Desta forma, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de t?cnicas sustent?veis de produ??o de beijupir?, foi montada uma unidade de aquicultura multitr?fica integrada em sistema de recircula??o de ?gua, tendo a U. fasciata como uma das etapas de filtra??o. Para a avalia??o da efici?ncia da utiliza??o da macroalga na dieta do peixe foram ofertadas dietas peletizadas isoproteicas, isolip?dicas e isocal?ricas com a inclus?o do farelo de Ulva fasciata (0,00; 5,00; 10,00 e 15,00%) com tr?s repeti??es por tratamento. Foram distribu?dos 20 peixes em cada unidade experimental de 310 L. Para avaliar o desempenho aos 62 e 94 dias de experimento, os juvenis de beijupir? ficaram em jejum de 24 horas. Os par?metros avaliados foram: consumo alimentar, peso final, ganho de peso, convers?o alimentar, comprimento, ?ndice de efici?ncia alimentar, ?ndice de consumo alimentar, taxa de crescimento espec?fico, taxa de efici?ncia proteica e fator de condi??o. As respostas aos valores crescentes do farelo de Ulva fasciata foram avaliadas por an?lise de regress?o para os par?metros de desempenho, e analisados por meio dos modelos de regress?o quadr?tica, conforme o melhor ajustamento obtido para cada vari?vel. Os resultados submetidos ? an?lise de vari?ncia pelo teste de m?dias (Tukey) a 5% de probabilidade de erro foram para os seguintes par?metros: peso corporal, peso de v?sceras, peso de f?gado, ?ndice viscerossom?tico (IVS), ?ndice hepatossom?tico (IHS), composi??o corporal de peixes eviscerados, atividades de catalase, glutationa S-transferase e medidas morfom?tricas do intestino delgado. O programa estat?stico utilizado foi o SISVAR. Para os dois per?odos avaliados, n?o houve diferen?a para consumo de ra??o. Nos demais par?metros avaliados houve diferen?a significativa aos 62 e 94 dias de experimenta??o, sendo que para todos os par?metros a melhor porcentagem de inclus?o da macroalga foi 10%. Houve diferen?a estat?stica para peso de peixe aos 94 dias e peso de v?sceras. N?o havendo diferen?a para peso de f?gado, IVS e IHS. Houve efeito significativo para atividade de catalase mitocondrial e citoplasm?tica do f?gado aos 94. Houve diferen?as significativas para composi??o corporal de juvenis de beijupir? eviscerados. A umidade, cinzas e prote?na da composi??o corporal n?o diferiram entre os tratamentos. A porcentagem de lip?deos dos peixes que n?o receberam o farelo de U. fasciata foi significativamente menor do que dos peixes que receberam 10 e 15%. N?o houve diferen?a para morfometria intestinal. A macroalga U. fasciata pode ser inclu?da em dietas para juvenis de beijupir?

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-08-31T19:17:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Francine Fran?a Monken.pdf: 2589456 bytes, checksum: 06c9e0d64d97d48b268dfd24bee047a6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-31T19:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Francine Fran?a Monken.pdf: 2589456 bytes, checksum: 06c9e0d64d97d48b268dfd24bee047a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-30 CAPES This study aimed determinate the chemical composition of raw secretions expelled by two species of Aparasphenodon genus from compounds isolation, purification and structural identification. For this, individuals of A. brunoi (n=5) e A. arapapa (n=3) were collected in Ilha da Marambaia, municipality of Mangaratiba (RJ), and in municipality of Ilh?us (BA), respectively. The secretions were obtained by smooth electric stimulus and were translucent and little viscous, with approximated yield of 4 mg of sample/individual. For each species, was realized chromatography of thin layer, the revelator reagent ninhydrin indicated presence of amine groups after violet color appearing. Samples than were submitted with the same retention time (0.88 and 1.44 min) in both analysis, indicating presence of similar compounds in both species. In same way, samples purification realized by semi preparative liquid chromatography of high efficiency presented the same fractions number for both species. The structural determination was made by LC-MS/MS only for A. brunoi and reveled high collagen incidence and other uncharacterized proteins. Biological assays were realized in concentrations of 1?g.mL-1 and 10?g.mL-1 for both species. The assay of cellular viability did not present survival reduction of yeast, such as dosing of lipid peroxidation that did not show reaction with malonaldehyde in all tested cases. In other hand, the assay of mitochondrial damage reveled toxicity in concentration of 10 ?g.mL-1, reducing for discreet form the cellular viability in both samples. We conclude that both species have proteins as the main compound and, in a cellular level, are not harmful in 1 ?g.mL-1, but can promote damage in 10 ?g.mL-1. Besides that, as reveled profiles to both extracts, both chemical and biological assays were very close, the existence of a pattern in chemical composition of cutaneous secretions in amphibians of the same genus can be reinforced, even that species be in distinct environmental conditions. O presente estudo buscou determinar a composi??o qu?mica das secre??es brutas expelidas por duas esp?cies de Aparasphenodon, a partir do isolamento, purifica??o e identifica??o estrutural destes compostos. Para tal, indiv?duos de A.brunoi (n=5) e A.arapapa (n=3) foram coletados na Ilha da Marambaia, Mangaratiba (RJ) e no munic?pio de Ilh?us (BA), respectivamente. As secre??es foram obtidas por est?mulo el?trico suave e mostraram-se translucidas e pouco viscosas, com rendimento aproximado de 4 mg de amostra/indiv?duo. Para cada esp?cie, foi realizada cromatografia em camada delgada; o reagente revelador ninidrina indicou presen?a de grupos am?nicos ap?s aparecimento da cor violeta. As amostras foram ent?o submetidas ? cromatografia liquida de alta efici?ncia anal?tica, sendo detectados dois picos majorit?rios com mesmo tempo de reten??o (0,88 e 1,44 min) em ambas as an?lises, indicando assim a presen?a de compostos semelhantes nas duas esp?cies. Da mesma forma, a purifica??o das amostras realizada por cromatografia liquida de alta efici?ncia semi-preparativa apresentou o mesmo n?mero de fra??es para ambas as esp?cies. A determina??o estrutural foi determinada por LC-MS/MS apenas para A. brunoi e revelou alta incid?ncia de col?geno e outras prote?nas n?o caracterizadas. Os ensaios biol?gicos foram realizados nas concentra??es de 1 ?g.mL-1 e 10 ?g.mL-1 para ambas as esp?cies. O ensaio de viabilidade celular n?o apresentou redu??o da sobreviv?ncia das leveduras, assim como a dosagem de peroxida??o lip?dica n?o mostrou rea??o com malonalde?do, em todos os casos testados. Por outro lado, o ensaio de dano mitocondrial revelou toxicidade na concentra??o de 10 ?g.mL-1, reduzindo de forma discreta a viabilidade celular, em ambas as amostras. Conclu?mos ent?o que as duas esp?cies possuem prote?nas como seu principal componente e, a n?vel celular, n?o s?o nocivas em 1 ?g.mL-1, mas podem promover danos quando em 10 ?g.mL-1. Al?m disso, como os perfis revelados para ambos os extratos, tanto nos ensaios qu?micos como nos biol?gicos, foram muito pr?ximos, a exist?ncia de um padr?o na composi??o qu?mica das secre??es cut?neas em anf?bios de um mesmo g?nero pode ser refor?ada, ainda que as esp?cies se encontrem em condi??es ambientais distintas.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-11T13:41:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Edlene Ribeiro Prud?ncio.pdf: 1465673 bytes, checksum: 5714fb486b0694f0e6ac0482d5b775a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 Honey and propolis are produced by bees from the nectar and sap collected from plants. In the process, the phenolic compounds derived from secondary metabolism of plants are incorporated into the products mentioned. Honey and propolis samples from multiple regions have been characterized and phenolic compounds can be divided into: hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives, hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids and glycosylated flavonoids. In the literature, there is no consensus among the authors about the values for in vitro antioxidant activity. Moreover, these methods do not represent physiological conditions such as concentration of substrates and metabolites interaction. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an alternative tool for a biological assays, since it is similar to mammalian cells. The main goal of this study is to compare the antioxidant potential of different phenolic compounds classes using representatives morin, rutin, chlorogenic acid and syringic acid in control strains (BY4741) and mutant (?sod1 and ?gsh1) of S. cerevisiae. They were evaluated in dose-dependent toxicity, stress tolerance, and lipid peroxidation. All tested phenolic compounds were effective in reducing intracellular oxidative damage, especially the chlorogenic acid in the control strain. When compared to stressed cells, it promoted 75% increase on cell survival rates, compared with 57% on average for the other treatments; and 60% decrease in levels of lipid peroxidation, compared to reductions close to 47% with other treatments. In mutant strains, all compounds presented similar results. Thus, two components of the class hydroxycinnamic acid, caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) were tested comparatively. Both acted as an antioxidant in S. cerevisiae, however CAPE was the most toxic substance promoting the most significant increase on reduced glutathione levels among hydroxycinnamic derivatives. This result supports some related research that claims phenolic compounds protectection is related to activation of the antioxidant system as xenobiotic action of these substances O mel e a pr?polis s?o produzidos por abelhas, a partir da coleta de n?ctar e seiva das plantas. No processo, os compostos fen?licos oriundos do metabolismo secund?rio dos vegetais s?o incorporados aos produtos mencionados. Amostras de mel e pr?polis de diferentes regi?es foram caracterizadas e o conte?do de compostos fen?licos pode ser dividido em: derivados do ?cido hidroxibenzoico, derivados do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, flavonoides e flavonoides glicosilados. Na literatura, valores de atividade antioxidante in vitro descritos divergem consideravelmente entre os autores. Al?m disso, os m?todos in vitro (DPPH, ABTS, FRAPP, dentre outros) n?o representam condi??es fisiol?gicas como concentra??o de substratos e intera??o de metab?litos. A levedura Saccharomyces cerevisie ? uma ferramenta para ensaio biol?gico, uma vez que apresenta elevada semelhan?a com c?lulas de mam?feros superiores no sistema de defesa antioxidante. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o potencial antioxidante de diferentes classes de compostos fen?licos, utilizando os representantes morina, rutina, ?cido sir?ngico e clorog?nico em cepas controle (BY4741) e mutantes (?sod1 e ?gsh1) de S. cerevisiae. Foram avaliados toxidez dose-dependente, toler?ncia ao estresse e peroxida??o lip?dica. Todos os compostos fen?licos testados foram efetivos em reduzir danos oxidativos intracelulares, com destaque para o ?cido clorog?nico na cepa controle. Quando comparado ?s c?lulas estressadas, este promoveu aumentos de 75% de sobreviv?ncia, contra 57% em m?dia dos demais tratamentos; e diminui??o de 60% em n?veis de peroxida??o lip?dica, contra redu??o pr?xima a 47% dos demais tratamentos. Nas cepas mutantes, todas as subst?ncias tiveram resultados semelhantes entre si. Desta forma, outros dois componentes da classe do ?cido hidroxicin?mico, ?cido cafeico e ?ster fenet?lico do ?cido cafeico (CAPE), foram testados comparativamente. Ambos atuaram como antioxidante em S. cerevisiae, entretanto CAPE foi a subst?ncia mais t?xica e tamb?m a que promoveu aumento mais significativo de glutationa reduzida dentre os derivados hidroxicin?micos. Esse resultado corrobora com dados de estudos que apontam que a atividade protetora dos compostos fen?licos est? relacionada a ativa??o do sistema antioxidante por a??o xenobi?tica dessas subst?ncias

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-24T18:42:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristina Maria Alves da Silva.pdf: 4473867 bytes, checksum: f45b303fc503257b78a31fe3cf52b0f1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-24T18:42:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Cristina Maria Alves da Silva.pdf: 4473867 bytes, checksum: f45b303fc503257b78a31fe3cf52b0f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-20 This research aimed to analyze the learning process from the environmental pedagogical praxis perspective taking into account the exchange of knowledge that occurred between 55 students from the 6th and the 7th grade of a public school located in Duque de Caxias/RJ. To understand the process of formation and development of a critical environmental education we took as a starting point the students? reality throughout the year of 2015.Based on the concept of the Theory of Meaningful Learning from David Ausubel (1980), firstly, a kind of poll was given to the students. The intention was getting the level of knowledge they had about the environment and what kind of thought they had about it. We stimulated them to think about their neighborhood as well. After they had answered the questions, we applied a number of educational activities focused on the critical environmental education. No matter the tools, the purpose was always the same: reflect and record in an individual notebook the knowledge built and exchanged in the classroom. After the implementation of these educational activities, the same poll was applied again. That time the aiming was to evaluate whether and which knowledge they had gained, which kind of thoughts and behaviors were built in relation to the environment, to their neighborhood. Then, a comparison of the answers given before and after the activities that included mainly the students? reality was made. An that point it was observed that it is necessary to take into account the students? reality in order to develop a critical environmental education, which turns them into active pieces of the changing process instead of keeping them passive. They started wondering how the relationships worked, no matter the parts involved in, so they started seeing themselves as main characters, as people who are responsible for the environment where they were inserted in. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o processo de aprendizado a partir das praxis pedag?gicas ambientais e as trocas de saberes que ocorreram entre 55 estudantes das turmas do 6? e 7? ano de uma escola p?blica estadual no munic?pio de Duque de Caxias/RJ. Considerou-se a realidade vivida pelos mesmos ao longo do ano letivo de 2015, visando compreender o processo de forma??o e desenvolvimento de uma educa??o ambiental cr?tica e reflexiva. Com base no conceito de Organizador Pr?vio da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa, de David Ausubel (1980), foi aplicado, inicialmente, um question?rio junto aos estudantes com a inten??o de compreender que conhecimentos tinham e o que pensavam sobre o meio ambiente, sobre seu bairro e sua vizinhan?a. Ap?s a aplica??o do question?rio, foi desenvolvido um conjunto de atividades pedag?gicas voltadas para a educa??o ambiental cr?tica, a finalidade era refletir e registrar em uma caderneta individual de campo o conhecimento constru?do e trocado em sala de aula. Ap?s a aplica??o das atividades pedag?gicas, voltou-se a trabalhar com o question?rio inicial. Desta vez, com a inten??o de avaliar se havia novos conhecimentos e em caso de resposta positiva quais. A compara??o entre os question?rios aplicados antes e depois das pr?ticas voltadas a uma educa??o ambiental que inclu?sse a realidade vivida pelos estudantes permitiu que se observasse o cotidiano dos mesmos e os pontos que devem ser abordados para a constru??o de uma educa??o ambiental reflexiva, ativa, que permita o questionamento das rela??es existentes entres os seres humanos que vivem em determinado espa?o e deles com o ambiente em si, o que significa dizer que os estudantes em quest?o passam a ser vistos n?o como meros expectadores, mas como protagonistas de suas vidas e respons?veis por seu ambiente.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-12T11:50:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Otavio Augusto Chaves.pdf: 6300833 bytes, checksum: 156947ce06fa4e3b0674f5eaeaa4ef06 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-12T11:50:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Otavio Augusto Chaves.pdf: 6300833 bytes, checksum: 156947ce06fa4e3b0674f5eaeaa4ef06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-19 CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico The interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) with 18-PF, BZL, MTZ and MZ and between bovine serum albumin (BSA) with t-DCTN, PF, LF-B, PIA and ?-lap were studied by spectroscopic techniques (molecular absorption in the UV-Vis region, circular dichroism, emission fluorescence in the steady state and temporal resolution) under physiological conditions. Theoretical calculations by molecular docking were performed to complement the experimental data and thus offer accurate to the results. The results obtained for the fluorescence quenching rate constant (kq) is greater than the diffusion rate constant in water (kdiff ? 5,00x109 L/mol), indicating that there is formation of complex between albumin and biologically active molecules in the ground state (for the sample PIA we confirmed this data with time resolved fluorescence experiments). For t-DCTN and LF-B beyond the static mechanism it was observed the presence of dynamic fluorescence quenching mechanism. Finally, for PF and PIA F?rster theory shows that the energy transfer between the fluorophore and the quenchers can occurs with high probability. The thermodynamic values for Gibbs? free energy are in accordance with the spontaneity of the association, for all the samples. Thermodynamic parameters ?H? and ?S? provided evidence of the main intermolecular interactions in the association. The samples 18-FP, t-DCTN, LF-B, PIA, ?-lap, BZL and MTZ interact with albumin by hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. On the other hand, PF and MZ interact by hydrogen bonding and electrostatic forces. The number of binding sites shows that there is only one main cavity of the protein to the interaction. For 18-PF, PF and LF-B the binding is weak, for t-DCTN the binding is moderate and for PIA, ?-lap, BZL, MTZ and MZ the binding is strong. Circular dichroism results show that upon binding of samples with the albumin there are no significant perturbations on the secondary structure of the protein. Theoretical calculations by molecular docking are in full agreement with the spectroscopic results As intera??es entre albumina s?rica humana (ASH) com 18-FP, BZL, MTZ e MZ e entre albumina s?rica bovina (ASB) com t-DCTN, PF, LF-B, PIA e ?-lap foram estudadas por t?cnicas espectrosc?picas (absor??o molecular no UV-Vis, dicro?smo circular, emiss?o de fluoresc?ncia no estado estacion?rio e com resolu??o temporal) sobre condi??es fisiol?gicas. C?lculos te?ricos por ancoramento molecular (do ingl?s molecular docking) foram executados para complementa??o dos dados experimentais e dessa forma obter resultados mais precisos. Os resultados obtidos para as constantes de velocidade de supress?o de fluoresc?ncia das albuminas (kq) s?o maiores do que a velocidade de difus?o em ?gua (kdiff ? 5,00x109 L/mols), indicando que h? forma??o de um complexo no estado fundamental entre as albuminas com as mol?culas biologicamente ativas (para amostra PIA tal dado foi confirmado com a fluoresc?ncia resolvida no tempo). Para as amostras t-DCTN e LF-B al?m do mecanismo est?tico foi observado ? presen?a do mecanismo din?mico e j? para as amostras PF e PIA o c?lculo de F?rster mostra alta probabilidade de ocorr?ncia de transfer?ncia de energia entre o fluor?foro e os supressores. Os valores termodin?micos de energia livre de Gibbs, calculados para todas as amostras est?o de acordo com a espontaneidade da associa??o. Par?metros termodin?micos de ?H? e ?S? forneceram ind?cios das principais intera??es intermoleculares na associa??o. As amostras 18-FP, t-DCTN, LF-B, PIA, ?-lap, BZL e MTZ associam com a albumina via liga??o de hidrog?nio e intera??es hidrof?bicas e j? PF e MZ por liga??o de hidrog?nio e intera??es eletrost?ticas. O n?mero de s?tios de liga??o para todas as amostras indicam que h? apenas uma principal cavidade da prote?na para a associa??o das mol?culas estudadas, sendo que essa associa??o ? moderada para 18-FP, PF e LF-B, fraca para t-DCTN e forte para PIA, ?-lap, BZL, MTZ e MZ. Estudos de dicro?smo circular demonstram que n?o h? perturba??es significativas na estrutura secund?ria da albumina com a associa??o. C?lculos te?ricos via ancoramento molecular est?o em total acordo com os resultados espectrosc?picos

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-01-27T14:26:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Luciana Carolina Zanotto.pdf: 68074432 bytes, checksum: c2cbcc13972035dbfa16922df128f4b7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-27T14:26:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Luciana Carolina Zanotto.pdf: 68074432 bytes, checksum: c2cbcc13972035dbfa16922df128f4b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29 El siguiente trabajo trata sobre agricultura urbana, y como esta puede colaborar para combatir la desigualdad social, reflejada en el espacio urbano y en la seguridad alimentar y nutricional de las poblaciones mas pobres de la ciudad. Como fundamentaci?n te?rica para este producto final, se establecieron algunas l?neas de pensamiento que encaminan la investigaci?n en las tem?ticas de desarrollo alternativo al actual modelo hegem?nico; apropiaci?n del espacio urbano como oposici?n frente a la desigualdad social; y la importancia de la seguridad alimentar y nutricional como base importante de la salud colectiva y ciudadan?a. La investigaci?n tuvo como principal objetivo elaborar un manual sobre la construcci?n de huertas urbanas, colaborando para la difusi?n y multiplicaci?n de ?sta actividad entre las comunidades m?s pobres de la Ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Para eso se realiz? una experiencia de campo en el ?Complexo da Babil?nia?, en la Ciudad de Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, de la cual se obtuvo parte de la informaci?n necesaria para la realizaci?n de dicha pieza de educaci?n ambiental. El resto de la informaci?n fue conseguida a trav?s de una compilaci?n bibliogr?fica de instituciones como EMBRAPA, INTA y otras. Esa informaci?n fue organizada y plasmada en lenguaje visual de la ilustraci?n, m?s particularmente de la infograf?a, para abarcar a una cantidad de personas mayor, como tambi?n el trato dado a los contenidos presentados. Como resultado se obtuvo una herramienta de educaci?n ambiental totalmente adaptada a la realidad del local de trabajo de campo, orientada a personas de una amplia gama de edades, culturas y or?genes que all? residen, con el objetivo de comprometerlos a practicar la agricultura urbana. O seguinte trabalho trata sobre agricultura urbana e como ela pode colaborar para combater a desigualdade social, refletida no espa?o urbano e na seguran?a alimentar e nutricional das popula??es mais pobres da cidade. Como fundamenta??o te?rica para este produto final, se estabeleceram algumas linhas de pensamento que encaminham a pesquisa nas tem?ticas de desenvolvimento alternativo ao atual modelo hegem?nico; apropria??o do espa?o urbano como oposi??o frente ? desigualdade social; e a import?ncia da seguran?a alimentar e nutricional como base importante da sa?de coletiva e da cidadania. A pesquisa teve como principal objetivo elaborar um manual sobre a constru??o de hortas urbanas, colaborando para a difus?o e multiplica??o dessa atividade entre as comunidades mais pobres da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Para isso, realizou-se uma experi?ncia de campo no Complexo da Babil?nia, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, da qual se obteve parte da informa??o necess?ria para a realiza??o da dita pe?a de educa??o ambiental. Os demais dados foram coletados por meio de uma compila??o bibliogr?fica de institui??es como EMBRAPA, INTA e outros. Toda essa informa??o foi tratada, organizada e plasmada na linguagem visual da ilustra??o, mais particularmente do infogr?fico, para abranger uma maior quantidade de pessoas. Como resultado, obteve-se uma ferramenta de educa??o ambiental totalmente adaptada ? realidade do local do trabalho de campo, orientada a pessoas de um amplo leque de idades, culturas e origens que ali residem, com o objetivo de engaj?-las a praticar a agricultura urbana

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-02T19:54:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Soraia John da Silva.pdf: 1762972 bytes, checksum: aae3e43996736241367a1924339662c0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T19:54:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Soraia John da Silva.pdf: 1762972 bytes, checksum: aae3e43996736241367a1924339662c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-20 CAPES The glyphosate, herbicide used in different countries, inhibits the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), blocking the synthesis of aromatic amino acids. With this, it still affects the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and the concentration of metabolites in plants. Its activity was first reported as a metal chelator. Therefore, to make use of this herbicide, may be formation of complexes with metals from soil, occurring change in the effectiveness of the product and loss of minerals. Thus, to avoid such problems,this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of three forms of glyphosate: purified, previously complexed with metals, and a commercial form (Roundup WG?). The effects of glyphosate complexes with copper, cobalt and nickel with different stoichiometries and different pH values on the in vitro activity of EPSPs were evaluated. Selected complex for the first experiment in vivo were Cu421 and Co821 (first number for pH and the latter two to stoichiometry glyphosate: metal). These complexes were used in the in vivo experiment I, as well as distilled water (control), purified Roundup and glyphosate on transgenic soybean and B. decumbens. In the following experiments (II and III), mineral oil was used in all treatments to reduce leaching of the compounds. The complex selected for continuation of this study was Cu421 due to its emphasis on the results obtained in the first experiment in vivo. When comparing the effect of the compounds in Falker Chlorophyll Index (ICF) of B. decumbens compared to control, there was fall of this index when using Roundup, Cu421 and purified glyphosate (the latter only in the second experiment). Later it was analyzed fresh mass accumulation and collected fresh material for determination of enzyme activities and N-NO3- levels. The complex Cu421 caused a more significant fresh mass reduction and still allowed the increase in the content of soluble nitrate in Brachiaria decumbens, probably due to the presence of nitrate in this complex. In the case of transgenic soybean there was no significant change in ICF. The use of Roundup and the complex did not change significantly the fresh mass accumul ation in this species. The application of the purified glyphosate, however, caused increase in mass accumulation and all treatments altered soybeans in nitrate content. In experiments with mineral oil in B. decumbens, the Cu421 complex inhibited significantly the EPSPs activity, as well as purified Roundup and glyphosate (the latter only in the experiment III). No inhibition occurred in transgenic soybean. All treatments in vivo stimulated PAL activity only on weed, which suggests that the increase in this activity is a consequence of the inhibition of EPSPs and other deleterious effects of compounds on susceptible plants. This study showed that especially Cu421 complex might be used effectively as a herbicide since it inhibits EPSPs, activates the PA,L reduces fresh mass accumulation and influences photosynthesis in the tested weed. Besides, the transgenic soybean showed little sensitive to this compound, which further increases the prospect of using the same as herbicide. O glifosato, herbicida usado mundialmente, atua inibindo a enzima 5-enolpiruvil-chiquimato- 3-fosfato-sintase (EPSPs), bloqueando a s?ntese de amino?cidos arom?ticos. Com isso, ainda influencia a atividade de fenilalanina am?nia liase (PAL) e a concentra??o de metab?litos nas plantas. A sua primeira a??o reportada foi como agente quelante de metais. Portanto, ao fazer uso deste herbicida, pode haver forma??o de complexos com metais do solo, ocorrendo altera??o da efic?cia do produto e defici?ncia mineral. Assim, de modo a evitar tais problemas, este trabalho teve como objetivo, comparar a efici?ncia de tr?s formas de glifosato: purificado, previamente complexado com metais, e uma das suas formas comerciais (Roundup WG?). Os efeitos de complexos de glifosato com cobre, cobalto e n?quel, sintetizados sob diferentes estequiometrias e valores de pH, foram avaliados sobre a atividade in vitro de EPSPs. Os complexos selecionados para o primeiro experimento in vivo foram: Cu421 e Co821 (primeiro n?mero referente ao pH e os dois ?ltimos ? estequiometria glifosato:metal). Estes complexos foram usados no experimento in vivo I, assim como ?gua destilada (controle), Roundup e glifosato purificado, sobre soja transg?nica e Brachiaria decumbens. Nos experimentos seguintes utilizou-se ?leo mineral em todos os tratamentos para reduzir a lixivia??o dos compostos. O complexo selecionado para continua??o deste estudo foi o Cu421 devido a seu destaque nos resultados obtidos no primeiro experimento in vivo. Ao comparar o efeito dos compostos no ?ndice de Clorofila Falker (ICF) de B. decumbens em rela??o ao controle, observou-se queda deste ?ndice ao usar Roundup, Cu421 e glifosato purificado (este ?ltimo, somente no segundo experimento). Posteriormente foi analisado ac?mulo de massa fresca e coletado material fresco para determina??o das atividades enzim?ticas e dos teores N-NO3-. O complexo Cu421 foi o que provocou maior redu??o da massa fresca e ainda possibilitou o aumento no teor sol?vel de nitrato em B. decumbens, provavelmente devido ? presen?a de nitrato neste complexo. No caso da soja transg?nica n?o houve altera??o significativa de ICF. O uso de Roundup e dos complexos n?o alterou de forma significativa o ac?mulo de massa fresca nesta esp?cie. A aplica??o do glifosato purificado, entretanto, causou incremento no ac?mulo de massa e todos os tratamentos alteraram o teor de nitrato em soja. Nos experimentos com ?leo mineral em B. decumbens, o complexo Cu421 inibiu de forma significativa a atividade de EPSPs, assim como Roundup e glifosato purificado (este ?ltimo, somente no experimento III). Em soja transg?nica n?o houve inibi??o. Todos os tratamentos in vivo estimularam a atividade de PAL somente na gram?nea, permitindo sugerir que o aumento nesta atividade seja consequ?ncia da inibi??o de EPSPs e de outros efeitos delet?rios dos compostos sobre plantas suscept?veis. O presente estudo mostrou que principalmente o complexo Cu421 pode vir a ser utilizado de forma eficaz como herbicida, uma vez que inibe a EPSPs, ativa a PAL, reduz ac?mulo de massa fresca e influencia a fotoss?ntese na planta daninha testada. E, em contrapartida, a soja transg?nica mostrou-se pouco sens?vel a este composto, o que aumenta ainda mais a perspectiva do uso do mesmo como herbicida.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2019-12-27T13:51:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Fillipe Araujo de S?.pdf: 1630619 bytes, checksum: ddef9f2002fc47bac901354396df6683 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-27T13:51:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014 - Fillipe Araujo de S?.pdf: 1630619 bytes, checksum: ddef9f2002fc47bac901354396df6683 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 CAPES The fungus Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) presents as a huge potential for the control of tick populations. Despite the importance of the fat body in arthropods metabolism and the potential of such pathways as targets to block the spread of such pathogens, studies in ticks are still scarce. This study evaluated the lipid composition and activation of ERK and AMPK enzymes in Rhipicephalus microplus fat body after infection with different isolates of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato. The isolates CG 32, GC 112, GC 148, GC 347 and GC 629 were inoculated as viable or non-viable conidia in the ticks. The engorged females were dissected and their fat bodies were collected 24 and 48 hours after infection. The lipid composition was assessed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and enzyme activation was detected by Western blotting with antibodies against serine phosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation, p-AMPK and p-ERK. The study showed increased levels of triacylglycerol 24 and 48 hours and fatty acid after 48 hours post inoculation of viable fungi in the tick's hemocoel. The detection of the active form of ERK was demonstrated only after inoculation of non-viable conidia of all isolates tested. On the other hand, to the phosphorylated AMPK, only the isolate CG 112 was able to activate with viable or non-viable conidia, whereas isolates CG 32 and CG 629 were able to activate only with non-viable conidia. This study provides the first report about changes in important metabolic pathways in ticks infected with entomopathogenic fungi. However, further studies may be necessary for a better elucidation of this interaction. O fungo Metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) apresenta-se como um enorme potencial para o controle da popula??o de carrapatos. Apesar da grande import?ncia do corpo gorduroso no metabolismo dos artr?podes, os estudos do papel desse tecido como uma fonte de controle potencial das infesta??es de carrapatos s?o escassos. Esse trabalho avaliou a composi??o lip?dica e a ativa??o das enzimas ERK e AMPK em corpo gorduroso de Rhipicephalus microplus ap?s a infec??o por diferentes isolados do fungo M. anisopliae s.l.. Os isolados utilizados no estudo foram CG 32, CG 112, CG 148, CG 347 e CG 629 e foram inoculados sob a forma de con?dios vi?veis ou invi?veis. Grupos contendo 10 f?meas ingurgitadas foram dissecados e seus corpos gordurosos foram coletados 24 e 48 horas ap?s a infec??o. Os tecidos foram homogeneizados, congelados, sonicados e centrifugados para a extra??o de prote?nas. A composi??o lip?dica foi avaliada pela t?cnica de cromatografia em camada delgada. As altera??es em enzimas chaves de importantes vias metab?licas foram detectadas atrav?s da t?cnica de Western Blotting utilizando anticorpos contra res?duos prot?icos fosforilados em tirosina, em serina e contra as enzimas AMPK e ERK fosforiladas e tubulina como controle de carregamento. O estudo demonstrou um aumento nos n?veis de triacilglicerol 24 e 48 horas e de ?cido graxo ap?s 48 horas ap?s a inocula??o de fungos vi?veis na hemocele do carrapato. A detec??o da forma ativa de ERK foi evidenciada apenas com a inocula??o do fungo inativado na hemocele, demonstrando que a ativa??o dessa via por parte do carrapato. J? para detec??o de AMPK fosforilada, apenas o isolado CG 112 foi capaz de aumentar a ativa??o dessa enzima estando vi?vel ou n?o, enquanto os isolados CG32 e CG 629 foram capazes de manipular positivamente essa via ao serem inoculados na forma inativada no carrapato. Esse estudo demonstra, pela primeira vez, altera??es em importantes vias metab?licas em carrapatos infectados por um fungo entomopatog?nico. No entanto, mais estudos s?o necess?rios para elucidar essa intera??o entre pat?geno e hospedeiro.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2019-05-27T14:59:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Patr?cia Silva G?lo.pdf: 1269316 bytes, checksum: 4373eb243e7790604490409b8a47d598 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-27T14:59:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Patr?cia Silva G?lo.pdf: 1269316 bytes, checksum: 4373eb243e7790604490409b8a47d598 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-19 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior, CAPES, Brasil. Rhipicephalus microplus ticks are an important research target because it causes severe economic losses. Parasite control, in general, is based on the use of chemical acaricides. Entomopathogenic fungi are potential candidates as biocontrol agents due to its dispersibility, its ability to penetrate through the arthropods?s cuticle and the relatively specificity to arthropods, contributing to the preservation of non-target organisms. Therefore, studies of fungal infection mechanism and of the effects of the infection on oocytes maturation and on nutrients availability to the embryo are aspects demanded to be explored for further comprehension of the fungi infection, as well as, the ticks? defense mechanisms. These investigations would significantly contribute to advances in tick control. The present study evaluates possible changes in the protein profile of eggs layed by R. microplus females infected with the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. Ma 959 isolate. Bioassay was composed by five groups: four groups treated with M. anisopliae s.l. and one control group. Each group lead 50 females. Ticks were immersed in 1 ml of 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous conidial suspension at 1?108, 1 ? 107, 1 ? 106 or 1 ? 105 conidia ml?1 for three minutes. The control group was immersed in 1 ml of 0.1% Tween 80 aqueous solution with no conidia. Eggs were separated daily, for the first ten days of oviposition and stored at ? 20?C. Egg masses were separately homogenized, ground with lyses buffer and centrifuged. The protein content of supernatant was determined by the method of Lowry with modifications. Samples were analyzed through a 12%-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gel under denaturing conditions (SDS-PAGE). There was no significant (p ? 0.05) difference in the total protein content between the eggs from infected and non-infected groups. Nineteen protein bands were observed on the SDS-PAGE. No difference was observed in the bands profile between the control and the infected groups. In adition, no differences was observed in the profiles of groups treated with different concentrations of conidia. Eggs from females infected with the highest fungal concentration or from non-infected females were used for HPLC analysis. Samples were pre-purified by solid phase extraction. Elution steps were performed with 5, 40, and 80% acetonitrile (ACN). Samples were then submitted to a HPLC using an analytic C18 reverse-phase column. The antimicrobial activity of samples collected by HPLC was tested against Candida albicans and M. anisopliae s.l. Nine samples reduced C. albicans growth over than 35%. The fraction with the highest antimicrobial activity to C. albicans was collected from eggs from day 8 of oviposition of infected engorged females. This fraction was pre-purified in 5% of ACN, caused 80.94% reduction of growth of C. albicans and was not observed in any other chromatogram. There was no antimicrobial activity against M. anisopliae s.l. The present study reportes, for the first time, induced response in eggs from R. microplus females infected by the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae s.l. Os danos econ?micos causados pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus faz desse parasito um importante alvo de pesquisas. O seu controle ? realizado, principalmente, com acaricidas qu?micos. A utiliza??o de fungos para controlar carrapatos ? uma escolha interessante uma vez que os fungos apresentam boa capacidade de dispers?o, capacidade de penetrar via cut?cula dos carrapatos e algumas cepas espec?ficas para artr?podes, contribuindo para a preserva??o de organismos n?o-alvo. Estudos relacionados ao processo de infec??o f?ngica, sua repercuss?o na matura??o dos o?citos e disponibiliza??o de nutrientes para o embri?o s?o aspectos importantes para se compreender melhor os efeitos desta infec??o em carrapatos, contribuindo para avan?o no controle deste ectoparasito. Dentro deste contexto, o presente trabalho avaliou as poss?veis altera??es no perfil proteico da postura de f?meas de R. microplus infectadas com o fungo entomopatog?nico Metarhizium anisopliae s.l. Cinco grupos (quatro tratados com M. anisopliae s.l. e um grupo controle), contendo 50 f?meas cada, foram utilizados no bioensaio que consistiu na imers?o das f?meas nas concentra??es conidiais (1 ? 108, 1 ? 107, 1 ? 106 ou 1 ? 105 con?dios/mL) ou em ?gua destilada est?ril acrescida de Tween 80 0,1% (grupo controle) por tr?s minutos. A postura di?ria de cada grupo foi separada e armazenada individualmente, durante 10 dias. Essas massas de ovos foram homogeneizadas separadamente, maceradas em tamp?o de lise celular e centrifugadas. O conte?do prot?ico do sobrenadante foi determinado pelo m?todo de Lowry modificado. O perfil proteico da postura di?ria foi analisado por SDS-PAGE 12. N?o houve diferen?a estatisticamente significativa (p ? 0,05) quando o conte?do proteico do grupo controle foi comparado com o dos grupos tratados. Na an?lise dos g?is foram evidenciadas 19 bandas prot?icas. N?o foi observada diferen?a no perfil de bandas entre o grupo controle e os grupos tratados, bem como na compara??o entre os perfis dos grupos tratados. Uma an?lise cromatogr?fica foi realizada para avalia??o das poss?veis diferen?as entre os pept?deos presentes na postura de f?meas do grupo tratado com 1 ? 108 con?dios/mL e o grupo controle. Cada amostra foi pr?-purificada em tr?s concentra??es de acetonitrila (ACN) (5, 40 e 80%). Ap?s concentradas, foram submetidas ? Cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia (CLAE) utilizando uma coluna anal?tica de fase reversa tipo C18. A atividade antimicrobiana das fra??es coletadas foi testada contra Candida albicans e M. anisopliae s.l. Nove amostras reduziram o crescimento de C. albicans em mais de 35%. O pico que apresentou maior atividade antimicrobiana contra a levedura pertenceu ao oitavo dia de postura do grupo infectado. Este pico resultou da pr?-purifica??o em 5% de ACN e n?o foi observado em nenhum outro cromatograma. Este pico foi respons?vel por, em m?dia, 80,94% de redu??o no crescimento da levedura. N?o houve atividade microbiana destas amostras contra M. anisopliae s.l. O presente trabalho reporta, pela primeira vez, resposta induzida na postura de f?meas de R. microplus infectadas com o fungo entomopatog?nico M. anisopliae s.l.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2019-05-07T14:11:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Ana Paula Rodrigues Moraes Badini.pdf: 2098313 bytes, checksum: 2a4352d355473a30e12b600f29da697c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-07T14:11:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011 - Ana Paula Rodrigues Moraes Badini.pdf: 2098313 bytes, checksum: 2a4352d355473a30e12b600f29da697c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-02 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES Abstract: Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) population imbalance has caused significant economic losses in animal productivity. Currently concern about environmental safety has fostered the research and development for alternative control methods. The present study evaluated the entomopathogenic potential of Beauveria bassiana CG 138, CG 228 and ESALQ 986 isolates using three different in vitro methods to treat S. calcitrans eggs, larvae and pupae. S. calcitrans larvae exposed to CG 138 isolate and control group have been examined by scanning electron microscopy to verify the fungus adhesion and development on cuticle and natural openings. The in vitro antifungal activity was evaluated by diffusion test on media solidified using the larvae homogenate and surface mucus of control and treated groups. The bacterium present in the larvae homogenate and surface mucus was identified by PCR method. The antifungal activity of this bacterium was evaluated using the three B. bassiana isolates. The protein, enzymatic and chromatography profiles of these samples were evaluated by electrophoresis in a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide, zymography and high-performance liquid chromatography respectively. The results observed in the present study showed that the S. calcitrans immature stages are able to develop when are exposed to the three fungi isolates under experimental conditions. The three different fungi exposure methods used did not reduce the flies emergence of S. calcitrans adults. There was antifungal activity when the CG 138 isolate was exposed to the homogenate of larvae treated with this fungus. A reduced development of CG 138 on larvae cuticle was observed by scanning electron microscopy. There were differences between the chromatographic, protein and enzymatic profiles from control and treated groups, indicating antifungal reaction. The bacterium was identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and presented antifungal activity against the three isolates. The results suggested the CG 138, 228, and ESALQ 986 isolates presented saprophytic effect since did not change significantly the development of S. calcitrans immature stages, and therefore, are not indicated to be used as stable fly biocontrol agent. O desequil?brio populacional de Stomoxys calcitrans (Linnaeus, 1758) tem ocasionado perdas significativas na produ??o animal. Atualmente, pesquisas t?m sido direcionadas para m?todos de controle que preservem o meio ambiente. Com o presente estudo verificou-se o potencial entomopatog?nico dos isolados CG 138, CG 228 e ESALQ 986 de Beauveria bassiana sobre ovos, larvas e pupas de S. calcitrans onde se utilizou tr?s m?todos de exposi??o f?ngica. Larvas de S. calcitrans expostas ao isolado CG 138 e do grupo controle foram submetidas ? Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura para verificar a capacidade do fungo em aderir e se desenvolver sobre a cut?cula e aberturas naturais. Macerado e muco de larvas expostas aos tr?s isolados e as do grupo controle foram utilizados para verificar a capacidade de inibi??o f?ngica atrav?s do teste de difus?o em meio s?lido. Atrav?s do m?todo de PCR fez-se a identifica??o de uma bact?ria, presente no macerado e muco das larvas e foi avaliada a atividade antif?ngica para os tr?s isolados. Ainda foram avaliados os perfis cromatogr?ficos, prot?icos e proteol?ticos destas amostras em cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia, eletroforese prot?ica e enzim?tica, respectivamente. Foi observado que os est?gios imaturos de S. calcitrans se desenvolveram em condi??es experimentais, onde foram expostos a diferentes concentra??es dos tr?s isolados f?ngicos. Os tr?s isolados n?o reduziram a emerg?ncia de moscas provenientes das larvas expostas nos tr?s m?todos utilizados. Inibi??o f?ngica foi observada quando o isolado CG 138 foi exposto ao macerado de larvas sensibilizadas ao mesmo. Atrav?s da microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, foi observado reduzido desenvolvimento do isolado CG 138 sobre a cut?cula das larvas. Verificaram-se diferen?as entre os perfis cromatogr?ficos, prot?icos e proteol?ticos de larvas expostas aos isolados f?ngicos e as do grupo controle, indicando rea??o antif?ngica. A bact?ria identificada como Stenotrophomonas maltophilia apresentou atividade antif?ngica frente aos tr?s isolados. Os resultados sugerem que os isolados CG 138, CG 228 e ESALQ 986 apresentaram efeito saprof?tico, pois n?o afetaram significativamente o desenvolvimento dos est?gios imaturos da mosca dos est?bulos, comprometendo desta forma a sua utiliza??o como agente entomopatog?nico no controle de S. calcitrans.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2020-12-14T00:05:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Vinicius Miranda de Souza .pdf: 1202821 bytes, checksum: 7e37c98b6c9ac7587812ebf3ed48136a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-14T00:05:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Vinicius Miranda de Souza .pdf: 1202821 bytes, checksum: 7e37c98b6c9ac7587812ebf3ed48136a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-25 CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico Varieties of rice (Oryza sativa), improved and landrace of Maranh?o, were genetically grouped using the RAPD technique. Among the varieties, four contrasting varieties for the grouping by RAPD were selected for studies of ammonium uptake kinetics and expression of ammonium transporters (OsAMT1;1, OsAMT1;2 and OsAMT1;3) under the high-affinity system (HATS). The varieties were grown in a growth chamber in hydroponic system. For the experiment of ammonium uptake kinetics, were separated two groups of plants at 28 days before seeding, and after 24 hours of N strarvation, rice plants were transferred to pots with two concentrations of ammonium, 0.2 mM and 1.5 mM, where we collected samples of solution for the measuring the kinetics of depletion of ammonium, and after 24 hours for the concentration 0.2 mM and 48 hours for the concentration 1.5 mM, the plants were collected and samples of root, sheath and leaves were assessed for fresh weight, amino-N, soluble sugars and N-ammonium. In a second experiment, the same varieties were transferred to pots with nutrient solution with a concentration of 0.2 mM ammonium and root samples were collected two and four hours after the beginning of the experiment for evaluation by real-time RT-PCR for expression of the ammonium transporters (OsAMT1;1, OsAMT1;2 and OsAMT1;3), and the enzymes to assimilate (GS1.2 and NADH-GOGAT1). The results indicate that local varieties have a higher expression of the transporters, which this is associated higher rates of uptake (Vmax) and affinity for ammonium in nutrient solution (KM). Moreover, local varieties had lower values of Cmin indicating that local varieties are adapted to soils with low concentrations of N. Focus on the variety Manteiga, which showed the highest levels of expression between the parameters analyzed and had the lowest Cmin among the varieties analyzed. Variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa) melhoradas e locais do Maranh?o foram agrupadas geneticamente utilizando a t?cnica de RAPD. Dentre as variedades, quatro variedades contrastantes quando ao agrupamento pela t?cnica de RAPD foram selecionadas para estudos de cin?tica de absor??o e express?o dos transportadores de am?nio OsAMT1;1, OsAMT1;2 e OsAMT1;3, sob o sistema de alta afinidade (HATS). As variedades foram cultivadas em c?maras de crescimento, em sistema hidrop?nico. Para o experimento de cin?tica de absor??o de am?nio foram separados dois grupos de plantas ao 28 dias ap?s germina??o, e ap?s 24 horas de defici?ncia de N, as plantas de arroz foram transferidas para potes com duas concentra??es de am?nio, 0,2 mM e 1,5 mM onde foram coletadas amostras de solu??o para a realiza??o da cin?tica de deple??o de am?nio e ap?s 24 horas para a concentra??o de 0,2 mM e 48 horas para a concentra??o de 1,5 mM, as plantas foram coletadas e amostras de raiz, bainha e folha foram avaliadas quanto ao peso fresco, teores de N-amino, a??cares sol?veis e N-am?nio. Em um segundo experimento, as mesma variedades foram transferidas para potes com solu??o nutritiva com concentra??o de 0,2 mM de am?nio, e amostras de raiz foram coletadas as duas e quatro horas ap?s inicio do experimento para avalia??o por real-time RT-PCR da express?o dos transportadores de am?nio OsAMT1;1, OsAMT1;2 e OsAMT1;3, e das enzimas de assimila??o GS1.2 e NADH-GOGAT1. Os resultados indicam que as variedades locais apresentam uma maior express?o dos transportadores, o que est? associado com maiores taxas de absor??o (Vm?x) e afinidade pelo am?nio em solu??o nutritiva (KM). Al?m disso, as variedades locais apresentaram menores valores de Cm?n indicando que as variedades locais s?o adaptadas a solos com baixas concentra??es de N. Destaque para a variedade Manteiga, que apresentou os maiores n?veis de express?o entre os par?metros analisados e teve o menor Cm?n dentre as variedades analisadas.