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Ammonia is commonly synthesized through the Haber-Bosch process, which produces large amounts of CO2 emissions as it is carried out at extreme temperatures and pressures. An alternative technology is needed to synthesize ammonia which consumes less energy and is environmentally friendly. In this research, a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Photoelectrochemical tandem system (DSSC-PEC) was developed for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) into ammonia. PEC cells utilized BiVO4/TiO2 Nanotube (BiVO4/TiO2NT) as a photoanode for water oxidation. BiVO4/TiO2NT was synthesized by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) with the cycles variation of 10, 15, and 20 cycles. The optimization method for 20 cycles (20s) gave the highest photocurrent of 0.352 mA/cm2. As a cathode where the nitrogen reduction reaction to ammonia takes place, Ti3+/TiO2NT was used. DSSC based on TiO2NT/N719 with an efficiency of 1.13% was used as an energy booster in the reaction. Using this system with an electrodes area of 3 cm2, under visible light irradiation on photoanode and DSSC while dark at the cathode, the rate of ammonia production, analyzed using the phenate method was 0.022 µmol.h−1.cm−2 with solar to chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency of 0.003%.

Background: Food planning is a basis of diabetes mellitus (DM) therapy. Proper diet is essential for effective control of blood glucose level. Diet therapy through the care of nutrition team in a hospital can increase nutrient intake of patients in a hospital. In 2003 the American Diabetes Association recommended a model of standardized nutrition care process (SNCP). Objective: To find out the effect of SNCP implementation to nutrient intake and blood glucose level of DM type 2 inpatients. Method: The study was a quasi-experiment. Nutrient intake variable was measured in post-test and blood glucose level variable was the pre-post test. Samples were divided into two groups; one group was treated with SNCP and the other with conventional nutrition care. The population of the study consisted of all new patients with DM type 2 diagnosis. Samples were those that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were analyzed by using t-test. Results: Average nutrient intake was found high in the group with SNCP. Nutrient intake comprised energy intake (97.8%), protein intake (95.1%), fat intake (95.6%), and carbohydrate intake (94.9%). The result of the statistical test showed that nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate) in SNCP was higher than that of conventional nutrition care. Decreasing blood glucose level before and after SNCP intervention was 109.4 mg/dL whereas in conventional nutrition care was 105.5 mg/dL. Decreasing blood glucose level of DM type 2 in patients with SNCP was higher than those with conventional nutrition care but statistically was not significant. Conclusion: Nutrient intake (energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate) of DM type 2 in the patient with SNCP were higher than those with conventional nutrition care. Decreased blood glucose level of DM type 2 in patients with SNCP was higher than those with conventional nutrition care, which was not statistically significant.