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The purpose of this study is to educate the public regarding nutritional deficiencies that can affect health, including a mother's pregnancy. The method used in this research is the experimental method by giving a pre-test to the respondents as many as 20 people as a sample. Then action is given in the form of education related to malnutrition which is a factor causing children with special needs and then a post-test is given to respondents. The results showed that the average N-gain was 0.62 (62%) which means that education about malnutrition using the PowerPoint method in educating citizens can be said to be quite effective. The comparison between the average pre-test results is 61.5 with the average post-test results, which is 86.3 there is an increase. Then the results show that the understanding of respondents has increased from before after being given education related to malnutrition on the prenatal causes of children with special needs. This research can increase the understanding of the Karyawangi of the village about malnutrition on the prenatal causes of children with special needs. Thus, malnutrition in someone who can be a prenatal factor causing children with special needs can be overcome early on.

Internet literacy is very influential in today's social life. Even with students who carry out the learning process at home. This research was conducted to understand the extent to which students can formulate the information needs they get from the internet, as well as knowing the improvement of student competence based on information obtained from the internet for the learning process. The research method carried out by us is qualitative descriptive using a questionnaire and a post-questionnaire as the research medium. The results obtained from this study are students experience an increase in information competence that can help during the learning process.

UV-VIS spectrophotometry is one of the methods used toperform qualitative and quantitative analysis of organic andinorganic compounds. However, until now there has been nofurther research that studies and describes the detailedanalysis of UV-VIS spectral data in terms of determining thestructure of chemical compounds. Therefore, this papercontains guidelines that are used as information on how toread and interpret data from the UV-VIS spectrum in termsof determining the structure of chemical compounds. Stepson how to analyze the UV-VIS spectrum are presented. Thispaper is expected to provide useful information forresearchers and novice students who are studying UV-VISspectrophotometry.

The increasingly rapid era of globalization coupled with this pandemic situation, many negative influences received by elementary school students both from social media or the environment, coupled with the current pandemic situation which requires distance learning which has an impact on the absence of direct practice from teachers or instructors about character education, which causes school students to lack character, character, and spirit of nationalism. The aim of the research is for elementary school students to understand character education and be able to practice it in daily life. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach, namely by giving pretest-posttest questions to determine the level of understanding of character education. The results of this study are still many students who do not understand character education. This character education will provide learning for students to understand what character, virtuous character, and spirit of nationalism are and instill in their daily lives.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, education requires online learning. The online system is a solution for Education in teaching and learning practices. The purpose of this study was to determine the understanding of elementary school students about the implementation of time management in daily activities during the pandemic. The research method used is quantitative, with a sample of 16 respondents from a population of 33 students. The results of the study show that there are still not many students who understand time management. With the presentation of learning in the form of videos, students' understanding in listening and curiosity increases. The results obtained that the number of pre-tests was only 74.39%, after being given the material and post-test the questionnaire increased to 94.25%.

The purpose of this study was to provide an overview to junior high school students regarding rhythmic sounds based on the number of notes through the Maestro application so that students more easily understand and can practice it directly. This research also guides students to be able to read and write rhythmically on musical notes. The focus of the problems studied includes the material being taught, the methods used, and the results obtained. The research method used is a case study through a qualitative approach. The method is used to describe and describe, as well as analyse the phenomenon of rhythmic learning. The learning method used is not only from one method, but there are several other methods such as using environmental media as material for practice and listening to music or songs. The variation of the method aims to make students not feel bored with the material being taught. The object of this research is 10 students from junior high school 22 Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. These results indicate that students' knowledge of music increased from the previous question in the pre-test, which was 7.46%, and after we explained and distributed the post-test questions, the result was 21.37%.

The learning process today is in dire need of social media, because it will help students in the communication process and seek insight so that it will foster learning motivation in themselves. This study aims to determine the effect of social media on the learning motivation of junior high school students. In this study using a quantitative approach, quantitative research is research based on calculations using numbers starting from data collection, interpretation of the data, as well as appearance and results. The independent variable is social media and the dependent variable is student learning motivation. The subjects of this study were junior high school students who were taken at random totaling ten students. The data obtained from the google form questionnaire data, the analysis technique uses pre-test and post-test. The results showed that the influence of the use of social media by 66% on students' learning motivation and after the direction and instruction increased to 81%. So the existence of social media greatly affects student learning motivation.

The purpose of this study was to identify misconceptions using the certainty of response in undergraduate students through a case study of mathematical chemistry subject by experimental demonstration of adsorption. The concept of mathematical chemistry was conveyed to students by using an explanation video. The video also directs students to do practical experiments on adsorption. The data obtained can be used to determine the isotherm adsorption model that fits with their experimental phenomena. Students analyze the data obtained by using their understanding of the mathematical chemistry concepts that have been taught. Misconceptions on students were analyzed using pretest-posttest by giving 20 questions followed by the guess level (CRI). Based on the answers given, students' understanding of the concepts being taught can be identified as understanding the concept, lucky guess, do not understand the concept, and misconceptions. This research can be used as a reference to identify misconceptions in students and can be applied in various subjects.

Techno-economics involves the systematic evaluation of economic aspects to provide solutions to technical problems encountered. The study of techno-economic analysis can provide a basis for decision-making related to economic factors. This study was to analyze the scope of research on techno-economic education using bibliometric evaluation and data mapping approach (i.e., VOSviewer software). Material research data was gathered from application reference manager databases. The study material titles, keywords, and abstracts are used to guide the search process. In the period 2017-2022, the analysis was conducted using the number of publications collected, which totaled 288 related papers. Based on the number of publications related to techno-economic educations, the total publications from 2017-2022 are unstable. However, in 2021 publications related to techno-economic education have increased. This study highlights the value of bibliometric analysis in providing information on how phenomena occur. This study is meant to assist and serve as a reference for researchers undertaking and deciding on research topics.

Numeracy literacy is intended so that students can solve practical problems related to numbers in daily life. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge that students have about economics learning applied to numeracy literacy. The subjects taken in this study were students of fifth-grade Elementary School, Bandung, Indonesia. The data collection instrument used a pretest-posttest which was made in the Quizizz Application. The results of this study state that the average student still didn’t understand numeracy literacy. Students' understanding of the material for numeracy literacy can be improved by providing economics material via PowerPoint or YouTube which is done online from using the zoom application with educators. The results of the research show that the average post-test score for all of the sample students is 90.6% greater than the average pre-test score of 56.6% so the difference is 34%. Therefore, learning economics can be improving their numeracy literacy students’ skills.

Zinc sulfide is a semiconductor that is widely used in various fields. Synthesis of zinc sulfide nanoparticles by microwave irradiation method has promising prospects because of its advantages, such as commercially available precursors, short reaction times, low operating temperatures, and produced high quantity and high-quality products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the production of zinc sulfide from zinc nitrate hexahydrate and thioacetamide by microwave irradiation method. The evaluation was done from the engineering and economic perspectives. The feasibility analysis method from the engineering perspective was done by designing the initial production design on a large scale, whereas the analysis from an economic perspective was done by calculating various economic parameters (i.e., Gross Profit Margin, Cumulative Net Present Value, Internal Rate Return, Payback Period, Break Event Point, and Profitability Index). The engineering perspective showed that the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles can be done on a large scale due to the commercial availability of materials and tools. Based on the economic evaluation, this project is ideal for an industrial scale. The profits increased over 20 years and the payback period was achieved within two years. We hope this study can provide references to readers, industry, and researchers regarding the feasibility analysis of the production of zinc sulfide nanoparticles by microwave irradiation method on a large scale.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and demonstrate step-by-step bibliometric data analysis using VOSViewer completely and systematically. Step-by-step analysis was provided to make first-time users easily following the way how to use VOSviewers. This report allows and provides an easy way of data analysis by utilizing mapping tools and provide analysis of research developments regarding digital learning media. The method used in this research is to perform bibliometric analysis to produce network visualization of co-work maps and density maps of co-works. The analysis was carried out with the number of publications obtained, relating to the predetermined topics totaling 88 documents in 2017-2021. As practical examples, we evaluated the analysis of digital learning articles in pre and post covid. We found that VOSviewer can be used to give suggestions in the data analysis results.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) is a chemical instrument that can be used to evaluate the characteristics of material. Techniques can be used to determine the morphology and diameter size of material. However, until now there has been no publications that describes in detail to read and interpret the electron microscopy images of both SEM and TEM. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the steps how to read and calculate the electron microscopy images based on the level of difficulties: (1) simple shape, (2) fairly complex shape, (3) very complex shape. This paper has the potential to be used as standard information of how to read and calculate diameter size of material from Electron Microscopy Images.

Metal-organic framework (MOF) is attractive because of its representation as a class of crystalline porous materials with excellent properties, specifically its chemical functionality and high porosity, making it potentially tailored for various desired applications. Although the synthesis of MOFs have been well-documented, most reports are in the bulk and micrometer sizes. The synthesis of MOFs in the smaller size is still inevitable. This work reports the synthesis of nano MOF particles (i.e., MIL-100(Fe), HKUST-1(Cu), Cu-TPA, and MOF-5(Zn)). In the experiment, MOFs were created by interacting ligands and metal ions in the specific solvent in the solvothermal process. Different from other reports, this study used low concentrations of ligands and metal ions, in which this is effective to control ligand-metal ion interaction, reaction, nucleation, and growth of MOF. The successful synthesis was obtained and effective for various MOF particles by changing types of ligands and metal ions. The study also obtained that compatibility and dilution of the ligands and the metal ions in the specific solvent are important parameters. This information will bring new strategies and further developments for the synthesis of MOF materials for wider range of potential applications in separation, catalysis, dye adsorption, and drug carrier uses.

This study investigated the effect of the ratio of the electrolyte paste mixture of cassava peel (CP) and pineapple peel (PP) on the voltage and current strength. In the experiments, prior to using, CP and PP biomass waste was cleaned then soaked for 30 minutes. Furthermore, the biomass waste is mashed and put into the test media according to the comparison. In this study, CP/PP compositions were varied with the value of 100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0: 100. The results showed that the highest electrolyte obtained by voltage and current strength with a ratio of 100: 0. The more CP comparisons used, the greater the voltage and strong current. This research is potentially used as one of the renewable alternative energies and can utilize existing biomass waste.This study investigated the effect of the ratio of the electrolyte paste mixture of cassava peel (CP) and pineapple peel (PP) on the voltage and current strength. In the experiments, prior to using, CP and PP biomass waste was cleaned then soaked for 30 minutes. Furthermore, the biomass waste is mashed and put into the test media according to the comparison. In this study, CP/PP compositions were varied with the value of 100: 0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0: 100. The results showed that the highest electrolyte obtained by voltage and current strength with a ratio of 100: 0. The more CP comparisons used, the greater the voltage and strong current. This research is potentially used as one of the renewable alternative energies and can utilize existing biomass waste

Perintis Teaching Campus is one form of implementing the Independent Campus Learning Policy in the form of teaching assistance to empower students to assist the learning process at elementary schools in various villages / cities throughout Indonesia. The implementation of learning during this pandemic is carried out online. Where teachers are required to really master technology and create media that attracts students' attention so that they do not get bored. Therefore, this program is intended for students to help teachers in conducting distance learning. Of course this activity is very beneficial for schools, students, and students. This activity was carried out at elementary school (SDN 3) in Balerante, Cirebon, Indonesia for 2.5 months.

In the world of education, during the COVID-19 pandemic, schools and colleges were not allowed to do face-to-face learning directly or often called offline at schools or campuses. All teaching and learning processes must be carried out online at home. One alternative to this policy is by applying the Distance Learning (PJJ) method where teachers or students cannot meet face to face directly. PJJ currently carried out is online (in a network) through internet-based media. At the senior high school / vocational school / Islamic Senior High School level PJJ is carried out using a Learning Management System (LMS), which is a system that can manage, convey, and monitor students using an internet-based application. Not enough with LMS, WhatsApp social media using the Group feature is also one of the supports in the successful implementation of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research on the Effectiveness of Distance Learning (PJJ) using learning media Learning Management System (LMS) and WhatsApp Group was conducted at senior high school 1 Cipeundeuy, Subang, Indonesia.

Learning is an activity to gain useful knowledge. The time to study is not limited, we have to learn from the moment we are born. Elementary school children are those with elementary age, namely 6-12 years, this period is commonly referred to as the intellectual period. The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted activities so that all activities require a revolution. Technology plays an important role in distance teaching and learning activities such as the use of social media or educational-based applications that make teaching and learning activities supposed to work. The method used is descriptive method. The purpose of this study is to find out about distance learning in elementary schools which is still being asked whether it is effective or not, so it raises the question whether students are well educated at basic age is very important for the foundation of character and talent.

The existence of the Corona Virus outbreak has changed the learning system in schools. Learning is carried out online, most elementary schools carry out online learning through WhatsApp social media. This is done so that the spread of the Corona Virus does not spread and does not cause casualties. This study aims to determine how effective online learning through WhatsApp social media is on students' knowledge at Elementary School. The results obtained are that learning activities carried out through WhatsApp tend to be less effective, this is because 35.1% of the 37 students still do not understand the material provided by the teacher and 43,% of students or nearly half of the 37 students who learn through WhatsApp feel burdened. Thus, the essence of the Education is not fulfilled.

The purpose of this study was to find out the carbon influence of rice husks and wood grain as electrolyte absorbers on large voltage and battery life. The battery fabrication procedure is as follows: (1) Preparing sixteen used batteries with a 1.5 Volt voltage, (2) Making NaCl solution with percentages of 10, 20, 30, and 40%, (3) Drying rice husks and wood grain until drying, (4) Carbonizing rice husks and wood grain, (5) Smoothing rice husks and carbonated wood grain, (6) Mixing rice husk, wood grain, and electrolyte solution, (7) Remove the contents of the used battery and wash it thoroughly, (8) Insert carbon from rice husks and wood grain. (9) Perform the process of closing the battery with the battery cover, (10) Measuring the battery voltage using an Avometer. This research shows that carbon derived from rice husks and wood grain can generate electrical voltage, but the resulting voltage is still low compared to commercial batteries. In addition, batteries with electrolyte solutions that have a salt percentage of 10% provide the most voltage.

The COVID-19 pandemic affects almost all areas of life, one of which is education. In the field of education, the learning process during the pandemic has turned into Distance Learning. Distance learning which is carried out online has many obstacles in its implementation. The learning media used are very influential in the success of online learning during a pandemic. Online learning requires creative learning media so that students don't feel bored and stay motivated in learning. The purpose of this study was to determine the motivation and learning outcomes of students in sixth grade elementary school Kamarung 1, Indonesia on building space material after online learning was carried out using video as a learning media during the COVID-19 pandemic. The subjects of this study were sixth grade students of elementary school Kamarung 1, Indonesia in the 2020/2021 academic year. Data collection techniques through pretest and postest. The analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative. The results showed that the use of video learning media accompanied by learning assistance could improve the learning outcomes of sixth grade students at elementary school Kamarung 1, Indonesia on building space material.

The purpose of this study is to determine the teaching, curriculum, and methods used by teachers in the science learning process for students with special needs in Indonesia. We use qualitative research methods. The subjects in this study are students with special needs (children with visual impairments, children with hearing impairments, children with intellectual disabilities, and children with physical impairments) at one of the special schools (SLB) in Kuningan, Indonesia. The results show that most of the teachers use the curriculum from teacher books provided by the government. In addition, some teachers used the lecture and question and answer method in the science learning process. The results in low student achievement because students with special needs need concrete media and methods that accommodate student needs.

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) has been developed as a tool for the simultaneous and quantitative determination of organic components, including chemical bond, as well as organic content (e.g. protein, carbohydrate and lipid). However, until now, there is no further information for the detailed information in the FTIR peaks. The objective of this study was to demonstrate how to read and assess chemical bond and structure in the organic material. The analysis was then compared with the literatures. The step-by-step method on how to read the FTIR data was presented, including reviewing simple to the complex organic materials. This study is potential to be used as a standard information on how to read FTIR peaks in the biochemical and organic materials.

Analysis of ball-milling process under various conditions (i.e. working volume, milling time, and material load) on the material properties (i.e. chemical composition, as well as particle size and morphology), product yield, and electricity consumption was investigated. Turmeric (curcuma longa) was used as a model of size-reduced organic material due to its thermally and chemically stability, and fragile. Thus, clear examination on the size-reduction phenomenon during the milling process can be done without considering any reaction as well as time-consuming process. Results showed that working volume is prospective to control the characteristics of product. Working volume manages the shear stress and the collision phenomena during the process. Specifically, the lower working volume led to the production of particles with blunt-edged morphology and sizes of several micrometers. Although working volume is potentially used for managing the final particle size, this parameter has a direct impact to the product yield and electricity consumption. Adjustment of the milling time is also important due to its relation to breaking material and electrical consumption.

Combination of spray drying and templating method has been reported as one of the best method to produce porous pharmaceutical particles. However, current development reports have shown successful formation of porous particles with improper information on what mechanism occurs during the synthesis process and what process parameters involve the creation of particles with controllable pore structures and morphologies. In this report, influences of spray-drying parameters (i.e., size and amount of colloidal template, and droplet diameter) on porous particle fabrication were investigated. Hyaluronic acid (as a model of pharmaceutical drug host component) and polystyrene spheres (as a model of template) were used. The experimental results showed that the spray-drying parameters strongly influenced the external morphology (i.e., spherical and doughnut-shaped), particle outer diameter (from 300 to 2000 nm), and porous configuration (i.e., number of hole cavities and pore sizes (from 100 to 300 nm)) of particles. To qualitatively explain our synthesis strategies to get porous structure, the proposal of the particle formation mechanism was added.

The present study investigated the photodecomposition of an organic material during the partial (88.76%) solar eclipse phenomenon of 9 March 2016 in Bandung, Indonesia. Curcumin and anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were used as models of organic material and photocatalyst, respectively. The influence of the process parameters (i.e., curcumin concentration and the amount of TiO2) on the photodecomposition process was also investigated. The results showed that the curcumin was decomposed along with the solar light irradiation time. During the solar eclipse, the photodecomposition rate is suddenly down. The partial solar eclipse provided a slower photodecomposition process than the process under sunny days (conducted on 8 and 10 March 2016). The concentration of curcumin and the amount of TiO2 also have played an important role in the photodecomposition, in which the lower concentration of curcumin and the higher amount of TiO2 have a correlation to the obtainment of higher photodecomposition rate.