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SpaceX strategically positions itself within the dynamic market of payload delivery and interplanetary spaceflight, playing a central role in shaping the future of space exploration. By addressing the difficult functioning of the Falcon 9 stages, SpaceX technological sophistication and innovation is the key to their success. Adding another layer to its multifaceted presence, the financial status of SpaceX relies on four key sources of income: public contracts, commercial payload delivery, satellite communications, and strategic funding rounds. This diversified revenue structure not only ensures the company's financial stability but also positions SpaceX as a versatile player in the competitive space industry, making them the most profitable company. Furthermore, SpaceX recognizes the importance of a compelling value proposition that differentiates the company from its competitors. Emphasizing its technological advantage, SpaceX has built a vast network of contractors, both public and private, creating a mutually beneficial ecosystem where the value SpaceX provides is answered by those within its network. This strategic approach not only solidifies SpaceX's unique position in the market but also creates collaboration and innovation within the broader space exploration community. This thesis report shows, SpaceX is a very financially stable company, with a lot of growth potential. The functionality of the Falcon 9, enables SpaceX to create a constant revenue of money for their research and development department. This will be the key to SpaceX success in the future space industry. As they are very ahead of their competitors, they will have the time and the resources to implement new technologies the space industry discovers. For future researchers, a thorough analysis of the manufacturing and the risks analysis could be made, in order to dive deeper into the day to day problems and solutions SpaceX need.

Aquest projecte pretén donar una solució a una explotació ramadera situada al Poal de Manresa que té una nau amb una coberta d’amiant que requereix una substitució però actualment no s’ha dut a terme per l’elevat desemborsament econòmic que requereix. Es proposa una solució que consisteix en la retirada de la coberta d’amiant seguint tots els procediments requerits de salut i seguretat necessaris i ocasionant el menor impacte en el desenvolupament de l’activitat econòmica principal de l’explotació. S’estudia una coberta alternativa a instal·lar que permeti continuar l’activitat a la nau sense cap restricció addicional. S’estudien les necessitats elèctriques de l’explotació i es busquen propostes amb una càrrega ambiental menor a les actuals per a millorar l’explotació i aconseguir i la màxima salut dels animals. Es fa un estudi amb l’eina del PVGIS de la producció fotovoltaica en la nau que es treballa per a avaluar el millor sistema a implementar en funció de la capacitat de producció d’energia fotovoltaica. A partir d’aquest es decideix que es complementa la substitució de la coberta amb una instal·lació d’un sistema d’autoconsum fotovoltaic desconnectat de xarxa complementat amb emmagatzemat d’energia amb bateries i un petit dipòsit d’aigua calenta sanitària que donaran suport a les necessitats de l’explotació. Finalment es realitza un estudi d’impacte ambiental del projecte en el que s’evidencien les necessitats de la implementació del projecte. Es tanca el projecte amb un pressupost d'execució i un estudi de viabilitat econòmica posant diferents escenaris en els que entra en joc les possibles subvencions lligades a la retirada d’amiant i la instal·lació d’energia fotovoltaica.

In an era where environmental concerns and technological innovation intersect, the aviation industry has to begin a transformative journey toward the discovery of sustainable aircraft designs. The study centers around the Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft, a promising design that deviates from conventional designs and has the potential to improve fuel efficiency and reduce noise levels. A detailed aerodynamic analysis of a BWB aircraft model is performed, providing important insights into its performance and feasibility. The BWB aircraft model's aerodynamic performance highlights its extraordinary potential to improve fuel efficiency and minimize noise pollution. A BWB aircraft's curved, continuous wing design allows for more efficient airfoil performance, lowering drag and increasing overall aerodynamic characteristics. This results in lower fuel usage and emissions. Furthermore, the smoother airflow over the fuselage of the blended-body airplane leads to lower noise levels, making it a quieter and more environmentally friendly option when compared to traditional aircraft. The outcomes of this study contribute to the ongoing debate about sustainable aviation by providing a blueprint for shaping the industry's future. The report highlights the importance of innovative aircraft designs in developing a more sustainable and greener future for aviation. This study demonstrates how enhanced aerodynamic performance can contribute significantly to accomplishing these sustainability goals using the aerodynamic analysis of the BWB aircraft model.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the co-adoption of EMS installed in residential single- or multi-family buildings linked to PV and EV charging stations in Switzerland by means of a statistical analysis of an already done survey, and compare them to the factors influencing the adoption of both PV and EV, i.e. compared to the situation where only one of these technologies was implemented. Several are the main contributions of this study: (i) analyzing the influencing factors of EMS co-adopted with other technologies; (ii) comparing the factors influencing the adoption process of different energy technologies; (iii) the influence of the existing energy technology stock in buildings (i.g. heat pump, hot water boiler) on the technology adoption of EMS, PV and EV; (iv) the integration of the co-adoption decision within a conceptual model integrating several theories which model individuals’ behavior and technology adoption decision processes. The results indicate that PV is key for the diffusion of both EMS and EV, and that EMS co-adopters share characteristics in a higher measure with PV adopters, but also with EV adopters. Overall, information is found to be a crucial lever to promote energy technologies, jointly with creating a favorable legal framework and regulations, and making certain infrastructural changes

The commercial supersonic passenger transport business has regained momentum in recent years. With the emergence and development of state-of-the-art technologies, many aerospace companies are now confident of being able to overcome all the technical and economic problems experienced by Concorde, the last supersonic aircraft to operate commercially and the benchmark for all current designs. In this sense, aspects such as the reduction of operating and maintenance costs, the ability to adapt to existing airport infrastructures and compliance with international regulations will be key to the success of the business. In addition, today’s companies will have to face the new challenges of today’s mobility, such as efficiency and sustainability. This study provides an overview, as well as a subsequent global comparison, of the different solutions presented by the various companies that are expected to enter the market in the coming years, consisting of supersonic and hypersonic aircraft capable of delivering performances that were unthinkable just a few years ago, such as being able to travel from London to New York in just 90 minutes in a safe, comfortable and sustainable manner. On the other hand, the study later focuses on a much deeper analysis of the world’s first commercial spaceline, Virgin Galactic, and the business model it is intended to implement for the commercial supersonic transport market. This analysis provides an overview of the company that enables to see how, although Virgin Galactic currently focuses the vast majority of its technological, human and economic resources on the space travel business, the company could take advantage of the capabilities, technologies and expertise developed within this business to be capable of successfully implementing its business model for the supersonic commercial travel market, the Supersonic 2.0 business model. The detailed study of this business model using the Business Model Canvas tool allows to identify the key as

The need to reconsider new alternatives in the world of aviation to cope with the potential problems of the coming decades is becoming increasingly urgent. The use of high-speed vehicles to transport passengers in the stratosphere offer a solution to the present congestion experienced on conventional routes while reducing the impact on the environment. The STRATOFLY H2020 project is presented as one of these alternatives that uses this method. Funded by the EU’s Horizon 2020 programme, the project aims to assess the potential of this type of high-speed transport vehicle to reach Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6 by 2035. Therefore, the main purpose of the present thesis is to study the benefits, applications and the economic feasibility of such project and compare them to other point-to-point transport passengers. According to the information obtained from previous articles, the aim is to analyse the project’s activity and philosophy in depth as well as its business opportunities. The work and activity of STRATOFLY are identified with a value chain analysis while the stakeholders and consumer demand are analysed with the Mendelow Matrix. A business model of the project is also presented by the development of a Business Model CANVAS. The results obtained show the advantages and disadvantages as well as the upcoming moves of the project in question.

This thesis presents a comprehensive analysis of the effectiveness of U-space implementation in Europe, with a specific focus on Croatia, considering its impact on safety, efficiency, and economy. By examining the regulatory framework, the roles of U-space service providers, and demonstrations and trials conducted, this research evaluates the progress and challenges of U-space adoption. The major findings of the analysis reveal the positive impact of U-space on safety, enhancing the integration of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the airspace while upholding robust safety standards. The evaluation of efficiency demonstrates improved airspace utilization, optimized UAS operations, and cost and time savings through effective U-space management. It is highlighted that the key factor in implementation progress on national base is successful stakeholder collaboration. The countries that have launched projects on national bases lead by their air navigations service providers have shown the biggest advance in implementing U-space. A great example is Croatia’s AMC portal through which Croatia successfully implemented most of its U-space services. Furthermore, the thesis explores the economic and environmental benefits of U-space implementation. It highlights the potential of U-space to drive productivity gains, new business models and services and innovation. Through stakeholder collaboration, involving UAS operators, regulatory authorities, and industry representatives, this research provides valuable insights into U-space implementation in Croatia. It significantly contributes to the knowledge base in this field and offers practical recommendations for enhancing U-space strategies., Incoming

Amidst the increasing interest in supersonic transport business, new emerging companies are presenting its projects and one sector which aims to transform itself or move forward into this direction is suborbital space tourism, with companies like Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin or PD Aerospace (PDAS) developing new point-to-point high speed transportation vehicles. PDAS is a private Japanese company developing a spaceplane capable of suborbital flight dedicated to space tourism thanks to their original rotating detonation engine (RDE) with capabilities of both jet and rocket engine. In order to identify the current state of the company and the potential opportunities and risks PD Aerospace will have in the near future, a business case study is conducted. This is complemented with a business model Canvas which helps to have a broad overview of key factors such as partnerships, capabilities or the value proposition in a visual manner. Even thought PDAS is currently affected by financial and technological limitations, and the near-future market presents itself as volatile and competitive, the company presents a robust business model and still have plenty of opportunities to capitalize on. Their technology demonstrators planned for 2025, if successful, could generate a substantial attraction of funding as their RDE has the potential to be a disruptive technology thanks to its theoretically increase in fuel efficiency (up to 25% compared to regular combustion engines) and the capability to reduce emissions. Even though PDAS current aim is space tourism, it is clear that the business is a technological and financial stepping stone in the direction of future P2P high-speed transportation systems. This thesis aims to be a base for understanding the current state of PDAS and their planned business, as a starting point to evaluate the evolution, capabilities and the competitive edge of the company in possible future works, which should be focused on new-found funding, technologi

This dissertation aims to develop a roadmap methodology incised in developing new materials in Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEO). Said orbits go from 200 to 1200 km, presenting characteristics such as extreme temperatures, radiation exposure and atomic oxygen erosion. Developing novel materials for space exploration that can withstand these conditions is crucial to future space investigation. This roadmap offers a systematic strategy for material development, emphasizing the necessity of conducting fundamental research to comprehend how materials behave in VLEO settings and then developing and testing novel materials with improved performance and durability. Developing novel materials that enable safer and more effective operations in VLEO conditions will be made possible by following this roadmap, which researchers and companies may use to enhance space technology and exploration.

The current trend of the space industry regarding Earth Observation (EO) and Telecommunications satellites is to keep lowering the orbit to increase the resolution of the images, to have a better Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), or to have a lower latency in communications, among others things. Very Low Earth Orbits (VLEO) also offers the possibility to use the increased atmospheric density at low altitudes for novel purposes like aerodynamics-based attitude control. However, flying a satellite in VLEO is a technological challenge because atmospheric density is much higher in VLEO. To maintain a long-term mission, huge amounts of propellant would be needed if current propulsion systems were to be used. A possible solution to extend the lifetime of such missions is Atmosphere-Breathing Electric Propulsion (ABEP) that collects atmospheric particles (e.g. atomic oxygen) by an intake and feeds an electric thruster which ionizes and accelerates them to generate thrust. That is what Kreios Space is working on. They are developing an innovative all-electric propulsion system that would not need to carry propellant. On the context of the Kreios Space mission, this project aims to develop a satellite simulator for the Attitude Determination and Control Subsystem (ADCS) for this new satellite prototype. The simulator is developed in MATLAB Simulink. It is a very simple first approach of the subsystem. It aims to develop the bases of the subsystem to then, add new functionalities and make it more accurate as the satellite is developed. The simulator will basically contain the main components in any controlled system, which are: a reference, a controller, the actuators, and the model of the system, which includes the dynamics of the satellite. Additionally, a 3D visualisation block to see the satellite dynamics has been added. Once the simulator is developed, three different studies are carried out. The first one is related with VLEO disturbances. It demonstrates that other disturb

The demand that exists in commercial aviation is increasing more and more frequently, allowing the new space technologies that are being developed to come into play to tackle this problem, which could have a major impact on mobility in the next few years. However, before these new technologies enter the market, they need to be studied and monitored in order to assess their benefits and possible applications in this sector. Nowadays, there are already a large number of active projects that seek to make high-speed passenger air transport a reality, as was already the case with the Concorde at the time but trying to tackle the major drawbacks that this model had, with the application of the innovative technologies that are currently being developed. This study focuses on SpaceX’s project Starship, which through a Case Study, has subsequently integrated all the information obtained in a CANVAS market study; in addition to carrying out an environmental study and an analysis of risks. In addition, it has been possible to identify the key points that intensify the value proposition of the model, but also the weaknesses or shortcomings that could have a negative impact on the outcome of the project. By assessing all these factors, it has been possible to conclude that by using the appropriate measurement tools to control these drawbacks, the company has a proposal with a bright future that is supported by the great potential that SpaceX has thanks to its business lines, its allies/stakeholders and its long experience in the space sector. When new space technologies flourish successfully, this model could become the most powerful in the world.

This thesis serves the objective of developing a methodology for high level strategic planning to link an organisation’s business model with the projection of a technology’s development and its implications on the market. So, the roadmapping methodology proposed involves the definition of a state of the art of the technology studied, an in-depth study of the markets on which it can have an impact, the analysis of stakeholders involved in its development, a quantification of the influence of inside and outside factors on the technology, a projection of the investment budget needs and, finally, a visual representation of the development proposed. The proposed methodology can be applied to a variety of technologies with only little adaptation needed. In this thesis, it has been applied to a case study of Air Breathing Electric Propulsion (ABEP) in Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) missions. VLEO refers to the region of Earth’s orbit between 80 and 400 km from the surface. This region has not been able to be exploited due to its conditions of high particle density, which creates drag and reduces the life of satellite missions dramatically, and the presence of highly corrosive atomic gas species. ABEP is a technology in development that collects these harmful particles and uses them as propellant for its electric thrusters, canceling the drag created and enabling sustainable long-term missions in VLEO. Through a series of commonly used tools for strategic planning and business analysis, a series of actions are proposed to deal with the main factors around the development of ABEP for the next 15 years. A cumulative investment budget of €2641 million is also calculated to best develop the proposed actions in the studied time span.

A guide for engineers to better understand space economy. A guide for policy-makers to better understand the space sector. The statement above is probably the best way to sum up the main goal of this work: to connect space engineering and economy in a theoretical approach. The proposal for the thesis is to study the economy of space in Europe and the main challenges for the crucial future decades. This work is intended to give insight into economic strategies in order to enhance the growth of the space sector whilst also detailing the state of space technology in Europe today. This thesis should be useful as a guide for those looking to comprehend the state of space technology in Europe, those interested in creating new companies and those who want to invest in space technology. The broader goal is to focus on solving the fundamental Five Ws with respect to space technology and its socio-economic consequences in Europe. All fundamental questions must be assessed avoiding prior subjective assumptions and/or desired outcomes. Space is experiencing a major shift from concentrated government-lead projects to an ever-increasing volume of commercial activities. This thesis aims to break down the fundamental aspects that are driving the current transformation of space1 while also taking a deep dive into the European space sector, future space economy trends and Europe’s role in the global space sector. In addition, the future of space clusters, space agencies and private-public interactions will be studied. The statement and aim are broad indicators of the contents of the thesis. Before defining specific objectives, some of the topics need defining in a more precise way. Let us make a list of relevant topics to be assessed in the thesis: The emerging NewSpace and Space 4.0 agenda proposed and adopted by ESA require space technologies to be developed coordinating public and private sectors. The rapid increase of private market ecosystems in space in the US and the emerging

El control de tripulaciones es un aspecto muy relevante dentro de cualquier aerolínea, independientemente de su tamaño. El papel del departamento de Crew Control es asegurarse de que todos los vuelos de una compañía queden cubiertos en cuanto a tripulación técnica y de cabina, cumpliendo siempre la normativa vigente. Además, se trata de un departamento con muchas posibilidades de mejora, tanto en factores humanos como técnicos , ambos se van a tratar en este trabajo.

Throughout this study, the application of satellites in a Very Low Earth Orbit (VLEO) is analyzed to complement the already existing technologies used for vessels tracking. This study is part of the DISCOVERER project, which focuses on the research and development of VLEO technologies to apply them in Earth Observation (EO). Within the team, the UPC focuses on market analysis and the study of business opportunities for VLEO technologies. A value proposition is developed following the Canvas model, this being the strategy used to offer a service to a specific client. For the development of the value proposition, the study focuses on optimizing vessels tracking for maritime transport companies. A market study is carried out previously, to analyse how could the value proposition fit in it. The analysis determines that the optimal methodology and technologies to complement the platforms currently used for vessels tracking with an AIS system (Automatic Identification System) installed, is through Data Integration. This method refers to the combination of the data obtained by different platforms (satellites with different technologies and in different orbits complementing both, aerial and terrestrial platforms) once received in the ground station. For the tracking of those ships exempt from carrying an AIS transponder or those that do not want to be tracked, the optimal tracking method would be the combination of data between different platforms before being received on the ground station (System Integration).

We currently live in a world where technology predominates and advances very quickly, developing applications and devices that help us in daily life to improve our lives and solve everyday problems. One of these technologies that are in full development and evolution are the Drones, or also called RPAS (Remotely Piloted Aircraft System). These systems are unmanned aerial vehicles that offer us infinity applications to cover these needs and problems that we have on a daily basis. On the other hand, another technology that is in full development and that has been seen to have great potential for developing applications is Artificial Intelligence (AI). To quickly define AI, we say that it is the intelligence that humans develop with body, brain and mind but expressed by a machine, processor and software. Thanks to the fact that Drones can fly over places where humans cannot reach, through their cameras we can see what is in those areas, so one of the most useful applications in Drones is Search and Rescue operations. The main focus of this project is to merge RPAS with AI to develope a Search and Rescue application. For this, an executable software has been created for any computer, which will allow to detect people lost in the forest or other places, through a video, either through a Streaming on Youtube or a video saved locally, allowing detection both in real time as well as in deferred time, making the detection done by the machine and the human being able to do other functions while the search is done with the Drone. The objective is to use both, the thermal and visual cameras of a Drone, to record a video or stream the image and send it to the software so that, through Artificial Intelligence, if it finds a person, it detects the human and an alarm sounds. The software has been developed in Python, an open source, cross-platform programming language that can be used for web development, software creation, and data processing. This language is truly useful since i

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) have the potential to harness wind resources in deepwater, which is so far prohibitive for conventional approaches. This, however, comes at a cost: the platform’s extra degrees of freedom (DoFs) introduce complex aerodynamic and hydrodynamic behaviours. Therefore, FOWTs must be accurately modeled to reduce load uncertainties that ultimately prejudice their economic viability. This project implements a framework for the coupled, high-fidelity simulation of FOWTs in OpenFOAM. The tool is built upon two existing libraries: turbinesFoam [1] —for rotor modeling based on the actuator line method— and waves2Foam [2] —for wave-field generation and absorption based on the relaxation zone method. The multi-phase simulation uses the interFoam solver in combination with a morphing mesh technique and rigid-body model to represent the platform. The mooring restraints are computed with a quasi-steady, catenary model from waves2Foam. The turbinesFoam library, targeted at bottomfixed turbines, is modified so that it can accommodate arbitrary motions along the rigid-body DoFs. The platform-turbine FSI coupling follows a serial sub-iterating strategy based on the PIMPLE scheme. The simulation framework is built in a sequential style. First, the propagation of second-order waves in an empty tank is studied, followed by the decay oscillation of floating buoys from the experiments by Ito and Palm et al. [3, 4]. Then, the modified version of turbinesFoam is tested for the conditions from the OC6 Phase III campaign —a series of wind-tunnel tests carried out at Politecnico di Milano that analyzed the performance of a scaled 10-MW turbine under prescribed motions in pitch and surge [5]. Lastly, the coupled simulation of a 2-DoF (surge and pitch) semi-submersible FOWT under combined wind-wave conditions is achieved. The presented framework proved capable of modeling the aerodynamic performance of turbines under prescribed motion and produced plausible r

Amb la crisi sanitària que està vivint el món a causa del coronavirus, moltes són les preocupacions i pors dels ciutadans. Les activitats es limiten i s'evita al màxim les aglomeracions de persones per evitar els contagis. Encara així hi ha serveis essencials que per la seva naturalesa sempre concentraran a un gran nombre de persones, es tracta del transport públic. Buscant resoldre les preocupacions dels ciutadans i sob retot donar eines i informació de forma pública per a la conscienciació de la societat, aquest treball busca el desenvolupament d'un sistema capaç de monitorar la qualitat de l'aire al transport públic de la ciutat, inicialment a la ciutat de Barcelona. El desenvolupament del treball engloba un estudi de salut per a definir els components que mesura el sistema i un estudi basat en una recerca acadèmica sobre la influència del coronavirus a l'aire, resultant amb l'exclusió d'aquest del sistema a causa de la dificultat i incertesa de la seva mesura a l'aire. Es desenvolupa un prototip per a la validació del sistema, buscant la seva escalabilitat, la seva adaptació al transport públic i la validació de la tecnologia que sustenta el projecte, la creació d'una xa rxa basada en el IoT (Internet of Things) que sigui capaç de reportar la informació de forma dinàmica en temps real perquè sigui visualitzada pels usuaris del servei a través d'una aplicació mòbil. En aquest document també s'ha inclòs les següents fases pe r a la implementació del projecte en un marc real, així com línies futures per a la millora d'aquest

Aquest treball s'ha desenvolupat en el marc del programa europeu DISCOVERER (Disruptive Technologies for Very Low Earth Orbit Platforms, EC-H2020-737183)

Aquest projecte tracte sobre el disseny d’un cultiu hidropònic, que és un mètode de conreu de plantes fent servir solucions químiques de nutrients minerals dins l'aigua, sense fer servir cap mena de terra. Consisteix en un cultiu que utilitza aigua amb nutrients per cultivar, en aquest cas el projecte té l’objectiu de cultivar enciams. Els planters dels enciams son unes estructures que utilitzen aigua amb nutrients provinent d’un dipòsit enriquit amb nutrients, aquesta aigua torna al dipòsit per tornar a ser enriquida amb nutrients, fent ús de un sistema de reutilització de l’aigua, d’aquesta manera es realitza un sistema més compromès amb el sistema mediambiental ja que no fa ús de tanta quantitat d’aigua com un sistema convencional amb cultiu amb terra fèrtil. L'objectiu del projecte està enfocat al disseny del cultiu i la planificació de l’espai. L’objectiu es un projecte a escala industrial d’una activitat de explotació agrícola.

Background: Collaborations between universities and industries are common to foster innovation in small and medium-sized enterprises. Participants of these collaborations face several challenges related to these collaborations. Universities and Industries work in different environments and value different priorities. Current literature shows that the challenges due to the organisational differences in these collaborations lead to the most significant challenges. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore and analyse how participants of UI collaborations perceive and manage organisational differences between universities and industries when the industry participant is a SME and the academic are students. This study aspires to discover and outline some specific characteristics of the organisational differences appearing in student-SME collaborations. Method: To fulfil the purpose, a qualitative study was conducted. The empirical data was collected in ten semi-structured interviews. Two projects of two master programmes at Jönköping University and experienced facilitators of university-industry collaborations were interviewed. The focus of the interviews was to get to know the participants' experience related to the organisational differences. Conclusion: The study's findings show how organisational differences in student-SME collaborations are perceived differently than in generic UI collaborations. Three elements were found as the main aspects influencing the perception of the organisational differences in student-SME projects: individual factors, perspective and collaborative factors. Finally, the findings show a positive contribution towards innovation in the SME participating in these projects

JetCycle’s new foil cycling craft, the JetCycle Max, is set to hit the market in the 202 1 summer season. This innovative, ambitious idea was born from a discussion between a former Tour de France director and a town mayor in the Pays de la Loire region in 2012, and it was soon delegated to the Savoie Mont Blanc University for its technical development. After the construction of 2 prototypes in 2016 and 2019 Cycle. , the level of maturity of the project caught the attention of institutions and investors willing to contribute to the success of the Jet The year 2020 was a remarkable year for the project, with the creation of the company in October and the progress of the industrial prototyping phase, in which key industrial partners were secured for the stages that would follow: product validation and small to middle scale industrialisation. The mission of the internship , which was conducted within Grenoble INP’s Sustainable Industrial Engineering Master’s Degree program, was defined for the kick industrialisation phase of the JetCycloff of the e Max, with the objective of establishing the basic methodology of the industrial process around the craft. As part of the on months of the internship covered a testing and improvement phase prototype that would lead t boarding, the first of the industrial o the final validation of the product. Such advancements and the encountered difficulties have been reported and documented in detail to keep track of the progress of the project. During the product validation phase, the coordination with the aforementione d industrial partners (foil manufacturer, composite materials expert for hull construction, industrial designer) was crucial with regards to the commercialisation of an impeccably finished and fully functional product, which would be situated in the high p rice range of the nautical leisure sector. The internship concluded with the conception of a stock management system for the small assemblies and the and middle scale in

El presente trabajo de final de estudios tiene como objetivo analizar la eficiencia energética de un edificio de oficinas adjunto a un apartadero ferroviario, así como su certificación. Para ello, será primordial comprender el estudio del arte y analizar los factores determinantes en la eficiencia energética de edificios, así como en la certificación. Seguidamente, se procederá a analizar el estado de eficiencia energética actual de la edificación y su certificación mediante herramientas oficiales para este cometido gracias a, previamente, haber estudiado profundamente la estructura del edificio y sus diferentes suministros y consumos energéticos actuales gracias al contacto directo con el proveedor. A continuación, se presentarán y examinarán los resultados obtenidos, los cuáles servirán como referencia para plantear alternativas mejoren que tanto la eficiencia energética como la certificación vigente del edificio. Posteriormente, se estudiará el impacto de estas alternativas mediante la reanálisis de la eficiencia energética y certificación de la construcción. Una vez recalculado ambos parámetros, se compararán directamente con los resultados previamente obtenidos que reflejan la situación actual del edificio con tal de profundizar en la importancia de las mejoras planteadas Finalmente, a modo de conclusión, se valorará la viabilidad de implementación de estas alternativas, teniendo en cuenta su presupuesto y opción de instalación en el propio edificio, así como su impacto social y ambiental.

Aquest ítem conté el treball original, defensat públicament, així com una versió millorada del mateix amb modificacions menors, autoritzada per l'escola, The Earth observation industry has undergone a substantial transformation in the last decade. Until recently, Earth observation systems for the most critical commercial and institutional needs were mainly dedicated assets owned and operated by governments or big corporations, often at national level. Recent evolutions like the emergence of private investment and the development of appreciably cheaper instrumentation, systems and technologies in the field, such as the rise of CubeSats and SpaceX reusable launch rocket systems have disrupted the status quo into a new paradigm, labelled New Space. A possible further disruption into this new paradigm is the advent of High-Altitude Platform Systems (HAPS), also called Pseudo-Satellites. These systems feature unbeatable performance advantages in resolution and persistence at local observation against satellites. Nevertheless, no pseudo-satellite has yet been fully implemented, with a history of test failures and program funding terminations. This thesis explores the reasons for the technical lack of success of these initiatives (particularly an aeroelastic phenomenon called flutter) as well as reviews the necessary technologies needed for these systems to work, with a compilation of the past attempts through the scientific literature available. Finally, with a thorough examination of the economic and technological state of the art of the Earth observation industry and its applications, the study discusses the conditions under which the implementation of HAPS by an Earth observation company could be beneficial, making use of Alex Osterwalder's business model canvas methodology. Analysis demonstrates that HAPS companies could have the potential to disrupt the Earth observation industry through the implementation of videographic recording and real-time change monitoring, posing an attractive business case opportunity either for existing Earth observation companies or new entrants. So far, the constructors that have developed

Aquest treball s'ha desenvolupat en el marc del programa europeu DISCOVERER (Disruptive Technologies for Very Low Earth Orbit Platforms, EC-H2020-737183)

Aquest treball ha rebut finançament del programa europeu DISCOVERER (Disruptive Technologies for Very Low Earth Orbit Platforms, EC-H2020-737183), This thesis studies the complementarity of VLEO satellite technologies with existing solutions in the telecommunications market, both in the space and terrestrial sectors. All the characteristics and particularities of VLEO orbits are defined and explained in detail, showing advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional higher orbits. Study of the deployment of the satellite constellation concept within the New Space framework. Next, the business opportunities that can be generated by the introduction of VLEO technologies in the telecommunications market are studied, analysing the possible reshaping of each vertical market and how can they be most benefited. Finally, a business opportunity is proposed and qualitatively analysed in detail using the Value Proposition Canvas methodology.

Hastelloy X (HX) is a nickel-base superalloy with strong resistance to oxidation and stress corrosion cracking combined with high temperature strength, these characteristics make it perfect for gas turbine engine components. The lack of machinability of this material makes laser metal deposition (LMD) suitable for the production and/or repair of components of HX, which uses a laser beam to melt the powder particles. Moreover, LMD has the features and versatility to implement this technology in the industry. The objective is to analyse a design of experiment covering a range of process parameters (laser power, scanning speed and powder feed rate) to find a suitable parameter set for using LMD with Hastelloy X powder. Properties of interest are build rate, microstructure, and minimum defects such as pores and cracks. Based on a design of experiments, 11 samples with 4 walls of different layers (15 layers, 5 layers, 3 layers and 1 layer) were printed. Then the samples were analysed using a light optical microscope and a hardness test along the build section. The results showed that each parameter has a different effect on the geometry accuracy. On the other hand, only scanning speed had a directly proportional effect on the microhardness. However, the powder feed affected the distance where the highest hardness point was found. Regarding the defects such as cracks and pores, any parameter had an important role, all the pores where evenly distributed on the laterals of the build. Moreover, cracks caused by lack of fusion where only found on one sample. Concerning the microstructure, all the samples presented the same evolution, the lower layers microstructure consists of fine columnar dendrites with an equiaxed morphology growing perpendicularly to the substrate in vertical direction, whereas the top layers consist of coarser columnar dendrites with bigger grain width. To sum up, with the analysis made in this study, it can be concluded that the parameter range used to

The desire to harvest more energy has pushed the contemporary wind turbines to increase their blade spans in order to be able to harness more power from the wind resource. The objective of the following document is to analyze the challenges large scale wind turbines face, and to obtain active flow control solutions that are able to improve their aerodynamic, aeroacoustic and structural performance. To do so, this paper focuses on first understanding the adversities common to wind turbine performance and study their core sources to be able to solve the hindrances with active flow solutions. These are mainly derived from the unpredictable nature of the wind itself, like rapid wind direction and velocity variations, causing aerodynamic phenomena that limit wind turbine’s proper performance. These AFC technologies are then researched and discussed, and from the already marketed systems at Technical Readiness Level 9 Air Jet Vortex Generators were picked for their stall and fatigue reduction capabilities together with the annual energy production increase they are proven to provide. To test the implementation and the economical and environmental impact of AFC systems on wind turbine a script model was developed to serve as a guide for the viability of the project depending on the initial cost of investment. Variables used for the model are gathered through the bibliographic research done in AFC systems together with current programs that pursue our very same goal. This tool will aid in the development of the AFC product in order to accomplish the climate goals our society is heading albeit from a sensible economical standpoint.

El trabajo consiste en la realización de un estudio con la finalidad de convertir la localidad de Castellví de Rosanes -ubicada en la provincia de Barcelona- en un municipio totalmente sostenible y con un balance energético neto. Es decir, que a partir de la implementación de tecnologías renovables de generación de electricidad la localidad pueda llegar a producir más energía que la que consume, atendiendo no sólo las necesidades de los edificios y del alumbrado públicos sino también los consumos propiamente domésticos. El objetivo principal es estudiar la viabilidad de la implementación de energía solar fotovoltaica y de energía mini eólica en la localidad

This project addresses the development of a vibrational energy harvester for deployment at the blade-tips of large-scale wind turbines. In this work, a non-linear single-degree-of-freedom massspring system is chosen on the basis of an extensive literature review. An electromagnetic energy harvester based on a magnet moving between two springs (an approximate volume of 10x3.5x3.5 cm3 and natural frequency < 10 Hz) is tested experimentally for different distances between the two springs. Additionally, a model that aims to predict the harvester power output is developed. The model consists of a coupled electro-dynamic system to represent the dynamic and the electrical behaviour of the harvester, with the discretization of the coil to approximate the magnetic damping and the electromotive force generated. A finite element analysis carried with COMSOL Multiphysics, based on the remanent magnetic field density, is used to determine the magnetic field of the magnet in the centre of the coils. The results show that when the distance between the top and the bottom spring is increased from 16 mm to 18 mm, there is a shift of frequency that goes from 9 Hz to 8 Hz and an rms power generated of 1.53 mW and 1.27 mW, respectively, for a 0.2 g rms acceleration. For a 0.5 g rms acceleration the shift of frequency goes from 9.5 Hz to 8.5 Hz and the rms power generated was 2.28 mW and 1.59 mW respectively. The model is able to predict the power output and the frequency shift for distances between springs close to the one used to tune the model (+2 mm). Further development on the model will allow to use the MATLAB scripts to optimise the harvester and obtain its main characteristics for a given wind turbine blade and operational characteristics.

El estudio de seguridad del sistema hidráulico en aeronaves comerciales incluye la descripción de la estrategia de seguridad y la gestión de la seguridad necesaria para garantizar la seguridad del sistema hidráulico. La gestión de la seguridad estará basada en el cumplimiento con la especificación CS 25.1309 definida por la EASA como parte del pliego de requisitos para la certificación de aeronaves comerciales CS-25. La estrategia de seguridad escogida se basará en la identificación de requisitos de seguridad del sistema, su evaluación y gestión y finalmente, su verificación final. La demostración del cumplimiento con la CS 25.1309 se realiza en base a la aplicación de la ARP 4761 que define las actividades y métodos necesarios para asegurar el cumplimiento la especificación CS 25.1309, de acuerdo con la estrategia de seguridad definida. Estas actividades son el análisis funcional de amenazas, el análisis preliminar de seguridad del sistema y el análisis de seguridad del sistema. Como parte del estudio se va a realizar el análisis de amenazas funcional del sistema hidráulico. Los resultados del estudio están basados en los dos documentos generados para este estudio. El proceso de gestión de la seguridad definido en el Anexo I plan de seguridad y el listado de objetivos y requisitos de seguridad obtenidos del Anexo II Análisis funcional de amenazas del sistema hidráulico. Las conclusiones del estudio, presentados en la memoria del estudio, definen las posibles actividades a realizar en base a este estudio, ya sean para complementar las actividades realizadas o seguir con el proceso definido en el Anexo I Plan de seguridad.

This project describes the different factors to consider when working in the commercial aviation turbofan engines maintenance industry. It describes the engine and its components operation in order to understand the maintenance necessities of the engine. The description of the engine systems follows the ATA 2200 classification system, which is a widespread industry standard practice. Next, the legal maintenance requirements imposed by the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) are reviewed. A detailed description is made of the requirements affecting the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft and its components. After the legal requirements have been defined, the maintenance particularities affecting the turbofan engines are summarized. Then, a generic maintenance database has been created to illustrate the various situations that could arise during the engine airworthiness management process on an airline. A couple of example cases have been developed and analyzed. In the last chapters, typical commercial aviation practices and safety management systems are described together with the financial factors related to the aircraft maintenance management. A quick overview is also provided on the environmental impact of the aviation industry. Finally, the conclusions of the engine maintenance study are explained and future improvements are proposed.