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This project looks at the development of ocean freight forwarding between China and the United States before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, concentrating on significant disruptions and challenges in the global supply chain. The research includes critical periods such as trade growth from 1990 to 2015, pre-pandemic dynamics, the immediate impact of the pandemic, and the industry's prospects. Applying supply chain management theories like the Theory of Constraints (TOC), the study brings up areas of weakness in logistics operations and suggests ways to improve resilience and effectiveness. It also looks at how changes in regulations, geopolitical concerns, and technology developments have affected ocean freight forwarding as it is right now. The research combines qualitative and quantitative approaches to assess the difficulties with port congestion, infrastructural constraints, and trade policy changes. The results emphasise the need for flexibility and digital innovation to maintain effective logistics operations in the context of global disruptions. Better operating strategies are suggested, with a focus on automation, blockchain, and flexible supply chains to protect the China-U.S. trade route from unexpected future challenges.

This study aims to analyse the corresponding business models of the aviation industry regarding airline and air navigation service provider strategic alliances during the COVD-19 pandemic. An extensive literature review is carried out on airline cooperative arrangements and each specific alliance with a special focus on their performance during and after the pandemic. Therefore, the chosen methodology in order to conduct the analysis is the EcoCanvas business model, which is based on the traditional business model canvas with additional aspects on sustainability and circular economy. The analysis has shown that the pandemic was an unprecedented challenge for the aviation industry with great losses on revenue due to border restrictions. The global airline alliances have proved to be a very stable business model that helped their members to deal with these challenges, promoting safety measures, investing and implementing IT, health and safety technologies. On the other hand, air navigation service providers had to readjust their financial structure and find alternative funding sources in order to operate and to continue or at least not abandon their technological development and modernisation. Additionally, the corresponding methodology allows us to describe the social and environmental impact and foresight, which have been analysed and assessed. Also, it has been shown that the aviation sector is committed towards their sustainable development with various measures ranging from sustainable aviation fuel procurement and refurbishment promoted by airline alliances on the one hand, and on the other hand, the air navigation service providers contribution with the use of renewable sources of energy in their infrastructures and technology improvements aimed to increase the airspace safety, capacity, cost efficiency and reduce aviation noise and emissions.

Treball final del Màster Universitari en Estudis Avançats en Arquitectura-Barcelona (MBArch). Gestió i Valoració Urbana i Arquitectònica, Este trabajo de fin de master pretende analizar las variaciones residenciales que se han experimentado en el territorio español de los años 2017 a 2021 para la población extranjera y española de nacionalidad, estudiando así los patrones de movilidad residencial que tienen a nivel provincial por grupo continental de origen. Se determinó un caso de estudio en las provincias de Toledo, Madrid y Guadalajara al observar como los saldos migratorios han aumentado en los últimos años en las provincias a los costados de Madrid, en especial en los municipios periféricos, es decir, con mayor cercanía al centro de la capital para la población extranjera y española y por edad media., This master's thesis aims to analyze the residential variations that have been experienced in the Spanish territory from the years 2017 to 2021 for the foreign and Spanish population of nationality, thus studying the patterns of residential mobility that they have at the provincial level by continental group of origin. A case study was determined in the provinces of Toledo, Madrid and Guadalajara by observing how migratory balances have increased in recent years in the provinces on the sides of Madrid, especially in the peripheral municipalities, that is, closer to the center of the capital for the foreign and Spanish population and by average age.

Este trabajo de investigacion se centra en el impacto de la covid-19 en el puerto de barcelona y su proceso de recuperación economico posterior. Teniendo em cuenta los sectores mas importantes del puerto y como han atravesado esta crisis sanitaria y económica

During the current and last century, leisure flight has been an increasing market, especially in the last 30 years, the growth rate has been increasing substantially, only stopped by the episodes of global recessions. However, this aviation crisis has had no similar fact in all its history. On this project, a study of the drivers and possible lacks aviation market currently has is carried out. For this, an analysis of the facts that brought people to leisure travel that much before the global pandemic is required, to realize how people’s priorities have changed from the last year. To see this, both practical and technical studies are performed. The first will consist in reading a series of reports related to the leisure travel inner causes, while the second will consider people’s thoughts by interviewing them, using a set of questions that will be extracted from the technical studies. Once a sample of results is obtained, statistics are used to get insights on given structures and correlations between the leisure aviation drivers. These results are then compared to the ones obtained in the reviewed literature, trying to understand the reasons behind the obtained differences, broadening the general knowledge about these drivers, while discussing what things could be improved in the leisure flight industry to recover market share.

Avaluación del impacto de la COVID19 en la ciudad de Terrassa utilizando como referencia los resultados financieros de las compañias extingidas y de nueva constitución., El TFG consisteix en realitzar un anàlisi en profunditat de com a evolucionat el teixit productiu a la ciutat de Terrassa durant els últims anys caracteritzats per la aparició de la pandèmia mundial provocada per el virus COVID -19. Aquest estudi es realitzarà utilitzant com a eina principal els resultats financers del totes les empreses extingides des del 2018 fins el 2020 i de totes les companyies que han estat constituïdes també durant aquest període de temps. Per l’obtenció d’aquestes dades financeres utilitzaré el programa habilitat per la UPC anomenat SABI. Una vegada obtinguts tots els resultats avaluarem els paràmetres que siguin més significatius per plasmar-los en forma de taules o de gràfics per posteriorment intentar extreure un patró característic que ens doni un idea global de la situació financera en que es trobaven just abans de posar-hi el tancament. També es compararan aquests resultats segons l’evolució temporal per posar de manifest la afectació de la pandèmia com a conseqüència de totes les restriccions que hi va provocar. Altrament es compararan els resultats de les empreses de nova constitució amb les extingides per veure si la tendència financera és igual o per el contrari es troben grans diferències. I finalment un cop avaluats tots els paràmetres financers que tinguin rellevància s’extrauran unes conclusions finals enllaçant tot l’estudi., The TFG consists of an in-depth analysis of how the productive fabric has evolved in the city of Terrassa in recent years, characterized by the appearance of the global pandemic caused by the COVID -19 virus. This study will be carried out using as a main tool the financial results of all the companies that have disappeared from 2018 to 2020 and of all the companies that have also been set up during this period of time. To obtain this financial data, I will use the program enabled by the UPC called SABI. Once all the results have been obtained, we will evaluate the most significant parameters to shape them in the form of tables or graphs and then try to extract a characteristic pattern that gives us a global idea of the financial situation in which they were just before there is the closure. These results will also be compared according to the temporal evolution to show the impact of the pandemic as a result of all the restrictions that caused it. Otherwise the results of the newly formed companies will be compared with those of the extinct ones to see if the financial trend is the same or on the contrary large differences are found.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, online teaching methods have gained more interest. Most formats of teaching can be easily transferred into an online format from a technical point of view. However, this is more difficult for practical courses in a laboratory. Together with partners from three European universities, we tackled the issue of providing a practical online course for higher education levels in the framework of the EuroTeQ university. In this work, we present our concept of the course and discuss the course goals and further improvements. We tested the remote lab setting in order to offer the course on a yearly basis in future. The remote lab was focused on energy engineering and was open to students from different engineering disciplines and countries. The course was comprised of three blocks, each consisting of one lecture on the broader context of the topic and one experimental laboratory session. The experimental session was streamed via a video broadcasting service. Students were required to either deliver a written report or to write a newspaper article for each of the three blocks. The learning outcome of the course was that students on the one hand learn about the technologies discussed in the course and on the other hand learn about intercultural communication skills. The goal was to show the diversity of technologies and to show the significance of each technology for a specific country. The online experimental sessions proved to deliver a clear explanation of the topic for the students when provided with sufficient course material adapted to online formats. Contrary, keeping a high level of interaction with students during remote experiments was found most challenging.

The ESA Academy is the ESA Education Office’s overarching programme for university students. The Academy’s portfolio consists of both ‘hands-on’ activities, and a Training and Learning Programme. Conventionally both of these elements involve a significant number of in person events, for example training sessions, workshops and test and launch campaigns. The educational nature and practical aspects of such events has traditionally necessitated in person participation. Additionally, most of the Academy’s ‘hands-on’ programmes revolve around student teams designing, building, testing and operating an experiment or spacecraft, activities which rely on the availability and delivery of commercial components, and access to manufacturing, testing and launch facilities, and laboratories. In March 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic, and associated restrictions, began to take hold in Europe, nearly all the ESA Academy programmes were affected. Despite the challenges, the Academy continued to deliver activities, and the student teams participating in the Academy’s programmes continued to achieve major milestones, including launching experiments to the ISS, CubeSat testing and launch and execution of micro- and hyper-gravity experiments. This paper explores the challenges faced during COVID-19 and how both the programmes and the students participating in the programmes adapted to meet their educational, scientific, and technical goals. Furthermore, the longer-term adaptation of some of these changes into the future execution of the programmes is discussed

Aquest treball és una proposta de com han de ser els requisits i les mesures i procediments duts a terme a un creuer per poder minimitzar l’efecte de la covid-19 a bord i garantir la seguretat dels passatgers. Per tant, l’objectiu és la creació d’aquest protocol d’actuació contra la pandèmia. per complir l’objectiu he centrat la cerca d’informació en els tres temes que m’han semblat clau, és a dir, la covid-19, els protocols existents a creuers i els protocols existents als centres sanitaris. Aquests tres punts són els que m’han donat tota la informació que necessitava per tal de crear el protocol ideal per a combatre la malaltia als creuers, tenint en compte que la situació de la pandèmia pot canviar en qüestió de mesos i que, per tant, el protocol que he creat està limitat a la situació que es viu en el moment de fer aquest treball. el resultat obtingut és el disseny d`un protocol per a creuers, que té una estructura similar a la dels que he estudiat però afegint-hi procediments dels protocols sanitaris i unint-ho tot amb els coneixements obtinguts del sars-cov-2, el virus causant de la covid-19.

Este trabajo pretende realizar un análisis de los procesos y tiempos de operativa de los grandes cruceros en la época covid. Para ello, se realizará una comparativa entre el tiempo antes y después de la pandemia de la covid-19. Se estudiarán los cambios en la normativa y en la operativa a nivel europeo, y más específicamente en el puerto de barcelona. el objetivo principal es identificar los problemas e inconvenientes que han aparecido en los grandes buques de pasaje a raíz de la pandemia de la covid-19. Esto incluye cambios en la normativa, procesos de embarque y desembarque de pasajeros, medidas de seguridad y prevención, requisitos de viaje y la afectación de la pandemia a la industria de cruceros entre otros. el trabajo comienza con una introducción general a la industria de cruceros como: principales rutas, volúmenes de pasaje, navieras más importantes etc. A continuación, se explicarán los procesos de consignación habituales antes de la pandemia, además de todas las partes implicadas en la operativa de cruceros. En la siguiente sección, se presenta la normativa covid-19 a nivel europeo y en españa, junto con los protocolos implementados para la mitigación de la covid-19 durante la pandemia. Por último, se analizarán los cambios en la normativa y operativa de los buques de pasaje y se concluirá si dichos cambios son son suficientes para la seguridad y salud de pasajeros y tripulaciones a bordo.

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los cambios sucedidos a partir de junio del 2020 y el rol de la pandemia en la suba y baja de los fletes por contenedor desde distintos puntos de vista.

The Covid-19 pandemic has had major implications worldwide and has changed the business models of companies around the world. The aviation sector has been one of the most affected by the impossibility of operating at first, and the demanding restrictive measures that were then carried out. In this sense, the airlines had to adapt their business models in order to survive the pandemic, thus opening new trends towards which the market was headed. This study collects all the statistical information related to the most important airlines in Spain, classifying their business models and analyzing how they have behaved during the pandemic. By directly contrasting results and staging the changes that each period has brought about, comparisons are made in order to discern which cases have been the most successful. The work establishes, within the business model of each airline, the aspects that have had the most effect and their induced consequences, categorizing them and relativizing their impact on the future of the sector. Also, beyond the pure work of statistical compilation, a complete financial study is carried out and possible traffic scenarios are proposed for the coming years. The analysis defines the most critical factors due to the pandemic, and what changes will take place in the future. Finally, the environmental consequences of the pandemic are established, from the point of view of air traffic at both European and national level.

The Chair of Space Technology at TU Berlin continuously develops new satellite technology and software that is verified and used in various missions in orbit. 27 satellites were launched as of 2022. Many of these satellites by far outreach their design lifetime and work until today. At the same time, an increasing number of satellites not only in the academic domain is demanding for qualified operators. Hence, some of the satellites at TU Berlin are not fully operated anymore. To enable an efficient and sustainable use of those satellites, a novel hands-on student-driven project was implemented in order to utilize these aged but functional satellites to train a new generation of satellite operators. In this lecture course, students with various backgrounds are introduced to the basics of satellite operations by student tutors. Using a laboratory model of a CubeSat as a hardware-in-the-loop operations simulation, participants can collect first experiences in the university’s own Mission Control Center (MCC). Besides theoretical and practical foundations of satellite operations they gain skills in managing and coordinating satellite missions. After finishing the basic course in a theoretical and practical operations test, students qualify to participate in the advanced project giving them the opportunity to work with and operate the available satellites in orbit under supervision. Each semester, several interdisciplinary teams conduct experiments such as Earth Observation scenarios or work on related tasks like the improvement of the operations software or Human Factors of satellite operations. The pandemic has posed new challenges to this innovative educational concept, but was also a motivation to find alternative ways to teach satellite operations. The setup of simulated operations in the MCC was transformed into a combined setup of remote access and video conference. In this way, students are enabled to practice satellite operations from home. Theoretical lectures

Aquest treball de recerca analitza la situació de la Covid-19 a Espanya al llarg del període de confinament, contrastada amb la recopilació d’articles de premsa (en línia) i notícies. Aquest recull té per objectiu analitzar com es troba la situació actual del sector immobiliari, juntament amb les conseqüències que ha tingut la pandèmia sobre el camp de l’arquitectura, entenent quines situacions esdevindran arran d’això. Seguit d’això es fa una extracció dels aspectes clau que estructuraran la segona part del treball. Seguidament, s’analitzen una sèrie de casos d’estudi des del punt de vista de l’espai exterior, confirmant així per una part, la necessitat d’un a l’habitatge. A més a més també des del punt de vista de l’interior, on veiem habitatges que no poden obrir-se a l’exterior per diverses raons, han d’adaptar-se des de l’interior a través de dur a terme projectes de reformes integrals en les seves llars, on la finalitat és cercar la flexibilitat i versatilitat dels espais., Este trabajo de investigación analiza la situación de la Covid-19 en España a lo largo del periodo de confinamiento, contrastada con la recopilación de artículos de prensa (en línea) y noticias. Esta compilación tiene por objetivo analizar como se encuentra la situación actual del sector inmobiliario, junto con las consecuencias que ha tenido la pandemia sobre el campo de la arquitectura, entendiendo qué situaciones acontecerán a raíz de esto. Seguido de esto se hace una extracción de los aspectos clave que estructurarán la segunda parte del trabajo.Seguidamente, se analizan una serie de casos de estudio desde el punto de vista del espacio exterior, confirmando así por una parte, la necesidad de uno a la vivienda. Además también desde el punto de vista del interior, donde vemos viviendas que no pueden abrirse al exterior por varias razones, tienen que adaptarse desde el interior a través de llevar a cabo proyectos de reformas integrales en sus hogares, donde la finalidad es buscar la flexibilidad y versatilidad de los espacios., This research work analyses the situation of Covid-19 in Spain throughout the period of lockdown, contrasted with the collection of press articles (online) and news. This collection aims to analyse how the current situation in the property sector is, along with the consequences of the pandemic on the field of architecture, understanding what situations will follow. As a result, be able to extract the key aspects that will structure the second part of the work are removed.A number of cases of study are then analysed from the point of view of outer space, thereby confirming the need for one in the home. In addition, and not least important, also from the point of view of the interior, where we see homes that cannot be opened up to outer spaces for various reasons, they must be adapted from the inside through comprehensive reform projects in their homes, where the aim is to seek flexibility and versatility of the spaces.

Due to the global pandemic that the world is suffering these days, the aeronautical industry is feeling one of the worst crisis ever seen. Many airports are looking for alternative ways to generate money due to the very low passenger aircraft operations. This has brought forward the business model of the current maintenance and storage airports that has achieved better economic results than pre-pandemic times. Besides, the more and more complex aircraft and the continuous growth of the aeronautical sector, excluding the global sanitary crisis, makes aircraft maintenance one of the main potential fields to develop airports with low passenger rates. The content of the project is divided into eight chapters. First, the maintenance and storage airport concept is detailed in order to see what implies and which differences there are between passenger and maintenance airports in terms of infrastructure, capabilities, systems and personnel needed. The second chapter addresses the evolution of the MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul) market through the years and how it has been changed according to new regulations and necessities. Besides, it includes an MRO market forecast reviewing the estimations and predictions of the market. Chapter three is focused on the business model of these airports through a business model canvas and SWOT analysis. The fourth chapter covers one of the main maintenance and storage airports in Europe, Teruel Airport. It details the main activities performed, the companies operating there and the finance evolution and results of the airport. Chapter five establishes an airport type proposal collecting the common characteristics of the airports and the most important requirements needed to carry out maintenance and storage operations. Chapter six suggest one current airport with low revenues to change its business model in order to improve its results and become a viable facility. Chapter seven includes the conclusions and the recommendations to co

La pandèmia de la COVID-19 ja acumula més de 170 milions de casos en tot al món a causa de la seva ràpida propagació, fruit d’això els governs van imposar severes restriccions de mobilitat provocant que l’any 2020 hi hagués una caiguda dels passatgers del transport aeri comercial del 60%, retrocedint a uns valors d’abans dels 2000. Conseqüència d’això les aerolínies van haver de deixar a terra la majoria dels seus avions provocant despeses d’estacionament i manteniment i és que un avió a diferència d’un cotxe no pot ser abandonat durant una llarga parada sinó que requereix costoses operacions de manteniment rutinàries per assegurar una bona preservació. L’objectiu principal d’aquest treball de final de grau és analitzar el cas concret de Vueling i veure quin ha estat l’impacte econòmic directe de la pandèmia en el seu cas. És a dir, quantificar les despeses originades per culpa de la parada d’operacions. A causa del fet que la COVID-19 segueix present actualment es farà el càlcul de la despesa generada fins al 13 de juny i una estimació de futur. Altrament es veurà l’evolució del trànsit aeri comercial d’aquest darrer any i la relació que guarda la pandèmia amb les xifres de passatgers així com la incertesa que viu el sector, d’igual manera es veurà la rellevància dels aeroports secundaris com el de Teruel o Ciudad Real, aeroports que aquest any 2020 ha estat quan han estat més actius servint d’estacionament a un elevat nombre d’avions d’arreu d’Europa., The COVID-19 pandemic has already accumulated more than 170 million cases worldwide due to its rapid spread. Consequently, governments imposed severe mobility restrictions, which caused a drop of 60 per cent in passenger air traffic. This lead airlines to ground most of their aircraft, causing parking and maintenance costs. As aircraft are not like cars, they cannot be abandoned during a long stop. Instead, they need costly routine maintenance operations to ensure the aircraft is preserved in good shape. This thesis aims to investigate and quantify the pandemic’s direct economic impact on Vueling Airlines. Which primarily entails calculating the costs incurred as a result of the temporary stop of operations. And, because COVID-19 is still present, the cost generated will be computed until June 13, and an estimate will be created for the future. Otherwise, the project will depict the evolution of air traffic over the previous year as well as the link between the pandemic and passenger numbers. It will also demonstrate the importance of minor airports like Teruel or Ciudad Real, which have been exceptionally busy this year, acting as parking for a large number of planes from all across Europe.

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar, en primer lugar, la normativa internacional que resulta de aplicación en el ámbito laboral marítimo. En el estudio de esta normativa, se analizarán las principales organizaciones internacionales intervinientes, y se estudiará en profundidad, tanto a nivel estructural como de contenido, el instrumento principal regulador del ámbito laboral marítimo, considerado la “carta de derechos de los marineros”: El MLC, 2006. La finalidad de este estudio normativo previo es evaluar la aplicación de esta normativa en un contexto global excepcional, vinculado a una pandemia mundial provocada por el COVID-19. En este sentido, se efectuará un análisis de la aplicación práctica de la normativa, ante esta situación de emergencia social, se analizaran las consecuencias que se han derivado para los sujetos intervinientes de las relaciones laborales marítimas y cuál ha sido la respuesta planteada por parte de los órganos internacionales y de los correspondientes Gobiernos. En efecto, el interés principal de la realización de este proyecto es la aplicación práctica del marco normativo regulador del trabajo marítimo, en circunstancias extraordinarias en las que su estricta observancia resulta de extrema necesidad. De lo contrario, se produce un efecto adverso para los actores del marco laboral marítimo y, en particular, para la gente de mar, tal y como veremos en el desarrollo del estudio.

El desequilibrio entre los modos de transporte de mercancías existente en la Unión Europea, así como la sobreexplotación del transporte por carretera, ha supuesto una saturación de las infraestructuras terrestres del continente. Este hecho ha propiciado que desde la Comisión Europea se haya desarrollado una Política Común de Transporte destinada principalmente, a impulsar el transporte de mercancías intracomunitario, de una forma sostenible, respetuosa con el medioambiente y eficiente a partir de la utilización de cadenas logísticas intermodales, en las que el transporte marítimo desarrolla un papel preponderante. En el presente Trabajo Final de Master (en adelante TFM), se analiza el concepto de Transporte Marítimo de Corta Distancia, como estrategia de unión en la cadena de transporte de mercancías en la Unión Europea, identificando y evaluando todos aquellos aspectos favorables y desfavorable, resultantes de la utilización e implementación de este sistema de transporte alternativo al terrestre, como pieza fundamental para contribuir a una Europa eficiente, segura y respetuosa con el medio ambiente, en lo que al transporte de mercancías y pasajeros, se refiere. Como aspecto particular del Transporte Marítimo de Corta Distancia se aborda el análisis de las Autopistas del Mar en los diferentes corredores marítimos europeos integrados en la Red Transeuropea de Transporte, cuyo objetivo fundamental, es proveer de vías marítimas que gocen de estándares innovadores de operatividad, regularidad y eficiencia, capaces de competir con las diferentes vías del transporte por carretera. Se analizan los proyectos de fomento, financiación y desarrollo de las Autopistas del Mar y del TMCD provenientes tanto de instituciones gubernamentales de los Estados miembros de la Unión Europea, así como de la propia Comisión Europea. Por último, se analiza el efecto que ha tenido la pandemia COVID-19 en el sector del transporte marítimo nacional e internacional.

En el context actual post-pandèmia, les aerolínies s’han vist greument afectades per la crisis derivada de la Covid-19. En la recerca d’una solució econòmica inmediata per millorar la delicada situació en la què es troben les aerolínies, els programes de fidelitat s’emergeixen com a eina essencial i indispensable no només com a eina econòmica, sinó de retenció i adquisició de clients. Aquest estudi, centrat en la situació actual post-pandèmica i basat en els principals programes de fidelitat mundials, tracta principalment els entrallats econòmics de les aerolínies per tal de treure rentabilitat econòmica dels programes de fidelitat. El document també indaga sobre: la necessitat de retenir client per crear relacions estables i fidels com a eina per augmentar els beneficis, la tipología de programes de fidelitat segons la manera d’obtenir recompenses (o bé per distància o bé per ingressos) i l’evolució històrica d’aquests, situant i contextualitzant al lector de la situació actual dels programes de fidelitat d’una manera formal però alhora entendora. A partir de dades reals basades en l’aerolínia espanyola Iberia, es dóna resposta a la principal pregunta que hom es fa respecte aquest tipus de programes: són econòmicament rentables? Sí, els programes de fidelitat han sigut la principal font d’ingressos de les aerolínies en pandèmia gràcies a la quantitat d’empreses associades als programes que han continuat generant negoci, i els resultats d’aquest estudi així ho demostren.

This project aims to carrying out an in-depth, retrospective and multicen-ter analysis on the distribution, correlations, missing values and survival of covid-infected patients in Spain. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used for extracting information about the factors involved in mortality, for classifying patients according to certain patterns, and for estimating the time for a group of individuals to experience an event of interest (e.g., reach a critical condition or require mechanical ventilation).

Aquest projecte ha consistit en el desenvolupament d’un sistema d’estimació de la qualitat de l’aire, que es pretenia implementar dins d’escoles del territori català com a mesura de prevenció de contagis de COVID-19. Tanmateix, i a banda de la seva utilització en el context de laCOVID-19, la determinació de les concentracions de CO2 dins les aules, pot ser un gran indicador a nivell sanitari, vist que el CO2 en altes concentracions pot resultar perjudicial per la salut de l’humà. El desenvolupament del sistema s’ha dut a terme seguint una planificació que comprèn quatre etapes. En primer lloc, una fase de recerca, on s’han investigat no només aquells treballs que tenien relació amb l’estimació de la qualitat de l’aire, però també aquells treballs que les autoritats catalanes han utilitzat per més endavant comunicar les mesures a seguir dins les escoles. En segon lloc, s’ha procedit al desenvolupament del dispositiu, en totes les seves vessants: la programació, l’electrònica i el disseny. S’ha programat en la seva totalitat amb el llenguatge informàtic Python. S’ha fet ús d’una Raspberry Pi com a computador des d’on controlar tots els components electrònics i executar elcodi. S’ha utilitzat un sensor de CO2, temperatura i humitat, que serveix per extreure les dades. Finalment s’ha dissenyat el dispositiu amb un programa de CAD i s’ha imprès en 3D. En tercer lloc, s’ha implementat el dispositiu en una escola del barri de Sant Gervasi, l’escola Els Arcs, en una aula d’una classe de 4t d’ESO, on s’ha obtingut dades de diverses variables durant un període de tres setmanes. En quart lloc, amb l’ajuda de les dades obtingudes s’ha provat d’entrenar un model d’aprenentatge automàtic que permeti realitzar prediccions per reduir el risc de contagi. També ha de servir per optimitzar el nivell de confort dels alumnes, trobant un equilibri en les hores necessàries de ventilació per minimitzar la concentració de CO2 mentre que al mateix temps es maximitza la temperatura. Com a con, Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::3 - Salut i Benestar

This thesis aims at providing recommendations to Spanish university professors on how to manage an e-learning based module to meet students’ needs in case of a future lockdown scenario, while turning the challenges the pandemic restrictions brought into an opportunity to look into more flexible ways of teaching and learning. A sequential mixed-method was used to collect data. First, the answers from 83 Spanish students collected in the experiences of working from home in times of Covid-19 international survey (Ipsen et al., 2020) were analysed. Next, an insight into a particular university course was done by interviewing a Spanish university professor, analysing the interview results and making suggestions to manage a particular module. The data from the survey were collected and analysed to identify the students’ needs and requests during the lockdown. Having the professor’s perspective and analysing it, and understanding how a particular professor managed the course during the lockdown, provided the basis to build on the recommendations. The literature reviewed pointed at blended learning and the flipped classroom model as the basic means to meet the students’ needs.The results regarding the negative impact the lockdown had on the surveyed Spanish students match the literature reviewed. The interview did not provide the expected results in terms of the survey follow-up, but the information obtained was the basis to build on recommendations to adopt in the managing of a particular module. The key benefit of this study is providing a method that allows professors to make a smoother shift to online teaching in higher education if required, meeting students’ needs and requests