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Background: Risk factors for peripheral arterial disease are generally the same as those responsible for the ischemic heart disease and in both cases are overlapping risk factors involved in the etiology of atherosclerosis, such as smoking, dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension. Case report: We present a case of a 61 years old male, whose ischemic peripheral symptoms began in 2003, at the age of 49, presenting as a Leriche syndrome. The patient was subjected to first revascularization procedure consisting in aortic-bifemoral grafting in the same year. General examination revealed no risk factors except smoking. Only a year after, he returns with critical right lower limb ischemia due to bypass thrombosis, therefore two thrombectomies were performed followed by a right side femoro-popliteal bypassing with Dacron prosthesis. The patient's condition was good until 2008 when a femoro-popliteal bypass using inverted autologus saphenous vein was imposed due to occlusion of the previous graft. In 2013 the patient was readmitted to hospital with left lower limb critical ischemia. A femoro-popliteal bypass was performed, followed by two thrombectomies and the amputation of the left thigh. Up to this date, the patient kept smoking. Discussions: Although our patient has a low/medium risk level of atherosclerosis by Framingham score and a minimum Prevent III score, all the surgical revascularization procedures were not able to avoid the amputation. Conclusions: There are enough reasons to believe that smoking as a single risk factor can strongly influence the unfavorable progression to amputation in patients with peripheral arterial disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endovascular aneurysm repair, also known as EVAR is a technique used to repair an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. It involves placing a stent in the aneurysmal area of the aorta, that is introduced percutaneously through two small incisions made in the groin to expose the femoral arteries. Objective: This paper revolves around the case of a 65 years old male patient known with multiple cardiovascular diseases, including essential high blood pressure, previous myocardial infarction and chronic obliterative arteriopathy of the lower limbs that also presents an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta with a medial diameter of 63 millimeters. Material and methods: An angiography of the aorta has been done, alongside with implantation of an aortic prothesis with bilateral extension to the common iliac artery and post-dilatation balloon. Results: The aneurysm was successfully repaired with no blood leak into the aneurysm. This prevented it blocking or bursting and the patient returned to a normal life following a 4 weeks recovery period, without any complications. Conclusions: EVAR or endovascular aneurysm repair is a technique that resolves abdominal aneurisms with far better outcome for the patient and far shorter recovery time than classical open procedures do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]