1. Identification of cellular factors as novel epigenetic regulators of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) transcription
- Author
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Van Lint, Carine, Vanhamme, Luc, Marini, Anna Maria, Bellefroid, Eric, Robaye, Bernard, Renard, Patricia, Rohr, Olivier, Santangelo, Marion, Van Lint, Carine, Vanhamme, Luc, Marini, Anna Maria, Bellefroid, Eric, Robaye, Bernard, Renard, Patricia, Rohr, Olivier, and Santangelo, Marion
- Abstract
Infection by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a major global public health issue. Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 persistence occurs in cellular reservoirs, necessitating continuous drug intake leading HIV-1 infection into a chronic disease. Therefore, an HIV cure requires either eliminating these viral reservoirs or achieving an deep blockade of HIV-1 transcription in the absence of treatment. Deciphering the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive HIV-1 into latency is critical for targeted HIV cure efforts.This Ph.D. thesis aims to enhance the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 latency, specifically at epigenetic level. First, this work contributes to the discovery of a novel epigenetic actor of HIV-1 latency, known as UHRF1, in both infected T-lymphoid and myeloid cells. UHRF1 acts as a HIV-1 transcriptional repressor by modulating both DNA and histone methylation. In addition to DNA methylation, many evidence have highlighted DNA hydroxymethylation as a new epigenetic mark involved in cellular transcriptional regulation. This Ph.D. thesis demonstrated the presence of DNA hydroxymethylation along both the latent and the reactivated HIV-1 provirus. Finally, this work led to the discovery of another novel epigenetic actor of HIV-1 latency, known as KLF16. This cellular transcription factor regulates HIV-1 transcription by modulating both histone acetylation and methylation in both the infected T-lymphocytic cell line and the infected monocytic cell line. Altogether, our findings expand our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in HIV-1 transcriptional latency, specifically at epigenetic level. Moreover, the identification of novel HIV-1 regulators have unveiled new drug targets that could be critical in HIV-1 cure efforts., Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2024