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Moldova traditionally relies on the agricultural sector, rural population representing one third of labor force. The agricultural education and research system in Moldova is characterized by the aging of the teaching and research staff, the reduction of the number of students below the critical level, unattractiveness of science and education for the young generation, the weak connection between education, science and production, but also the inefficiency of the institutional activity. All these represent a major danger for the sustainable development of the rural areas. The aim of this paper is to analyze the major factors affecting the academic performance of research and teaching staff in agricultural higher education of Moldova. The study is based on field surveys of academic personnel of State Agricultural University, the only agricultural higher education institution in Moldova. The data set includes 120 respondents. Main analyzed indicators are related to academic performance as: professional motivation, research activity in projects, published research results and achievements, main problems and challenges within the institution related and other relevant factors. As result, income level remains an important factor for staff motivation in achieving higher performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the key role sustainability plays in the agricultural sector and its impact on local communities. With climate change and economic challenges on the rise, it is vital to focus on sustainable agricultural practices to ensure food security and well-functioning ecosystems. Throughout the article we highlight global and local initiatives that encourage sustainable agriculture, as well as the benefits to the environment and society, highlighting our shared responsibility to future generations, highlighting collaboration between farmers, communities, governments and international organizations. For the representativeness of what will be presented we use the creative platform Canva, the basic statistical information comes from the National Institute of Statistics (NIS) and FAOSTAT, the descriptive analysis is performed using the advanced tools offered by Microsoft Excel 365 and in addition to standard reference sources, we have also consulted recognized specialized websites, thus strengthening our perspective and providing readers with up-to-date and verified information. The purpose of this review is to examine the depth and breadth of the implications of sustainability in the context of agricultural work, highlighting the complex interconnections between agricultural practices, the environment and society. In conclusion, this article highlights the need for a collective and integrated approach to achieving sustainability goals in agriculture and building a more resilient and balanced future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate changes with their effects: floods, drought, desertification affect agricultural production. Likewise, the Agricultural Policies on the European Union, through the Farm to Fork Strategy, propose limiting the amount of fertilizers to improve the quality of the environment. Farmers must adapt and use high-performance technologies to face these challenges. In this context, the study analyses the perception of farmers with large farms regarding the main factors that influence the evolution of agriculture in Romania. According to the survey, the factors that influence the increase in agricultural production are: the use of selected seeds, adapted to the agricultural area where the farm operates, the establishment/expansion of irrigation systems, access to new research in the agricultural field, the increase in the level of training of agricultural personnel, the intensive application of fertilizers and pesticides, easy access to low- cost financing. Regarding the association in agriculture and ecological agriculture adapted to climate change, the farmers' attitude is polarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to evaluate adequately the academic performance efficiency of the teaching and research staff employed in the agricultural higher education institutions and organizations in the field of agricultural science and innovation. At the same time it is developed the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis for rating assignment DEA_UASM. As a result of analyzing the academic performance rating by option variable returns to scale, it is possible to determine the resources for improving staff activity by evaluating the distance function for each causal factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary trends defining the paths toward sustainable development in rural areas of Bulgaria underscore the significant influence of human resources., and the priorities are oriented towards stimulation of the vocational training and science based skills, obtained through appropriate education and specialized training, and leading to success in the development and management of the local economy. The tendency, related to the problem is highlighted as the shortage of adequately educated and skilled entrepreneurs capable of harnessing technological advantages in agricultural production and implementing innovative technologies. The goal of our study is related to investigation and summarization of basic tendencies in this aspect, within Bulgarian agricultural enterprises, the emphasis lies on the crucial connection between theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience, particularly highlighting the importance of educating and training agricultural producers. The education and practical application of scientific knowledge by those engaged in agriculture are vital components for achieving success and ensuring the sustainability of economic endeavours at the local level. By promoting education and training for individuals involved in agricultural activities in the agrarian sector, the agriculture guarantees its sustainable and efficient development, which without doubt reflects on the increase of the sustainability of the rural territories, as a whole. The results of the study formulate guidelines, conclusions and recommendations related to recognition of the need of ensuring the proper education and training of agricultural producers, especially in the realm of environmentally friendly practices and innovative technologies. In conclusion, the synthesized research findings provide insight into the tendencies in basic strategic documents supporting knowledge, as well as data for the educational status in the Bulgarian agrarian sector regarding the potential and significance of the human factor. Future guidelines for the study in the sphere of human resources are outlined in the modern agriculture and the Bulgarian rural territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper was to use the analysis of the animal husbandry sector of the Republic of Moldova as a tool for predicting skills to be improved in related professional education programs. In order to achieve the proposed goal, the general trends in the evolution of the sector in the Republic of Moldova were evaluated; these trends were compared to those of the European Union level. The general problems of the sector were identified and, on this basis, the skills to be improved were deduced within the professional education programs of agricultural profile. The research resulted in the recommendations to improve skills in related professional education programs so as to create prerequisites for a higher quality educational service and, respectively, to optimize the contribution of professional education in increasing the performance of the animal husbandry sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, the Romanian agronomic engineering universities focused on the promotion of entrepreneurship among the students, by including entrepreneurial competences in curricula or by promoting entrepreneurial support activities. To develop more educational instruments in this field, we considered that the main challenge is to assess the entrepreneurship interest and needs of the students. In this context, the present paper aims to reveal the attitude of agricultural engineering students toward the implication in the development of their own business and to emphasize the role of formal education in their necessary skills development. The research is based on a survey conducted among students in final years of studies from a Romanian agronomic higher education institution and consisted in 215 questionnaires. Our approach has taken into consideration the differences among the students linked to their age, gender, place of residence, the potential employment and family environment. The main findings of our study have indicated that the students from agronomic engineering field have basically a positive attitude toward entrepreneurship and meanwhile they are very aware of the challenges related to the development of new businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global climate changes, the greenhouse gas emissions and reduced sources of traditional fossil fuels are one of the most serious environmental problems of present time. This fact was the starting point for Directive 2009/28/EC, which defined two objectives in the area of RES, the mandatory 20% share of RES in gross final energy consumption in the European Community and the mandatory 10% share of RES in transport, which all Member States must achieve by 2020. In 2011 was the share of renewable energy sources in total energy production in the European Union 13%. Promoting the use of renewable sources for electricity, heat, hot water, as well as promoting the use of biomass energy and construction of energy efficient buildings brings, in addition to environmental aspects, the development of innovative technologies, the transition to an energy-efficient economy and increase employment opportunities. Development in clean technologies becomes a strategic not only in terms of ecology, but has a significant impact on economic development and employment. This paper presents an analysis of training needs in clean technologies and renewable energy sources and through the Leonardo da Vincis' projects - AVARES and C-TEST - supported by European Commission to show how to increase the attractiveness and accessibility of vocational education and training for employees in agricultural sector in the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper was to elucidate the relationship between the performance indicator of professional agricultural education „the number of graduates" and rural labour market in the Republic of Moldova. Caring out an analysis of the statistical data regarding the number of graduates and the state of the labour market as well as making a synthesis of some studies focused on the rural labour market problems in the Republic of Moldova, the authors identified a series of problems related to the difficulties existing in the quantification of the impact of the professional agricultural education performance on the rural labour market, as well as its optimization. Consequently, some recommendations have been formulated in order to harmonize the relationship between professional education and labour market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In front of climate change and the threat of food shortages, organic farming is an answer to both challenges. On the one hand, organic farming protects and improves environmental conditions, and on the other hand, it can provide food for the entire planet. Of course, the organic farming system is difficult to apply, requiring both financial resources and consumer awareness. The current work aims to carry out an analysis of how organic agriculture has evolved in the counties of Constanța and Tulcea, as well as identifying some particularities at the level of the organic farm, from demand to obtaining and delivering production. The study deepened the situation of organic farming using both published data and information collected with the help of a questionnaire. From the study, it emerged that the two studied counties together own 24.1% of the area certified in the ecological agriculture system of our country, respectively Constanța 6.5% (17,651 ha) and Tulcea 17.6% (47,757 ha). The number of operators in the ecological system, in 2020, was 280 in Constanța County and 343 in Tulcea County respectively, holding a share of 2.5% and 3.1% respectively of the total per country. The analysis of ways to capitalize on organic production consisted of the assessment of capitalization, the existence of a capitalization plan and the possession of storage spaces, the commercialization of production in the country or for export. Thus, from the answers of the farmers it emerged that out of the 70 respondents, 18 (25.6 %) consider the exploitation of production to be an easy and medium easy activity, and 28 (40 %) consider it a heavy activity and 24 (34 %) as a very hard activity, of which 85% have higher education; out of the farms analyzed, 35 farms have production storage facilities, of which 32 have higher education; the destination of the production is 41.4% only in the country, 11.4% outside the country and 37.1% capitalize the production both in the country and outside the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Romania, the used agricultural area is operated by approximately 3.4 million farmers whose main feature is the fact that they have the lowest level of professional training among all European Union countries. Many of these farmers lack basic skills that are considered essential for a modern agricultural economy. The main objectives of this paper are to analyze the current conditions and the main trends in the field of adult education in the agricultural sector and to identify its strengths and weaknesses. The analysis is centered to the current European context of lifelong learning and includes: statistical benchmarks, legal and institutional framework, adult training programs, funding sources and education and training providers. The working methodology targeted three stages: identification of documentary sources and collection of data and materials for analysis; statistical processing and analysis of data and information; information synthesis. The main conclusions of this study show that Romania has a well-established legal and institutional framework for adult learning with a diverse range of funding sources for the vocational training courses. In agriculture, the main vocational training providers are the county agricultural directorates/public advisory and extension service, private firms, agricultural faculties and non-governmental organizations. However the assessment of adult vocational training quality is facing the lack of a regulatory and implementation framework has led to the discrediting, to a large extent, of this type of training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to analyze the commercialization of the results of scientific work of agricultural universities of Ukraine and the formation of their ratings according to these indicators. Data from the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine for the years 2018-2020 were used to achieve the goal. The research was carried out in three stages: analysis of absolute indicators of commercialization (amounts of earned funds based on the results of scientific work) using the ABC method; analysis of relative indicators of commercialization (amount of earned funds based on the results of scientific work per one scientific-pedagogical worker); formation of ratings of agricultural higher education institutions of Ukraine according to absolute and relative indicators of commercialization of scientific work. The following results were obtained: during the analyzed period, agricultural higher education institutions of Ukraine improved the overall effectiveness of scientific activity. In 2019, 7 higher education institutions, and in 2020, 11 higher education institutions increased the absolute financial indicators of their scientific work, compared to the previous year. In 2019, 8 higher educational institutions, and in 2020, 11 higher educational institutions increased the relative financial indicators of their scientific work, compared to the previous year. According to the rating of agricultural higher education institutions of Ukraine, four leaders were identified according to these indicators. It is expedient to study and implement their experience in attracting funds for financing scientific work in other 12 agricultural higher education institutions of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to outline the draft of the General plan of social optimization through deep reform of education at all levels, obtained through interviewing life sciences first year students. It is well-known that no authentic social change could be made without a deep reform of education, starting from early age and continuing throughout the life span. Implementing such reforms will allow durable solving of urging social problems like violence, injustice, poverty, corruption, poor financing. Interviewing agricultural management students led us to a new perspective of education, resulting from the new directions of contemporary and future society. The ideas resulted from discussions outlined a plan of educational reform for the global society. This plan is designed within a intercultural perspective, being inspired both by the great ethical systems of humanity, and psycho-socioeducational research. Applying the plan at a regional, European, and international level will be able to further humankind on the way of a life whose quality will answer both the scientific demands of a society of knowledge, and the spiritual needs of humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyse the indicators in terms of level of education, school dropout, school population, civilians employed and the average of lifespan, in order to determine the trends in the rural areas of Olt county. The porpoise of the paper is to establish benchmarks in the formulation of strategies for the improvement of the education conditions and standards in rural areas and, therefore, in agriculture and connecting them to the socioeconomic reality. Olt County, by farmland it has, by the population living in rural areas, by the share of the population employed in agriculture and by the share that the value of agricultural production in the county's economy holds requires an education which should be connected to these socio-economic realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper approaches a difficult issue especially by its originality and complexity, since it involves the application of the same type of research on completely different areas of activity. Based on the idea that nowadays it is increasingly thought that „the school of life" is the one which really matters and that the level of educational training has no longer an important role in the professional achievements, we proposed ourselves to emphasize the concrete results of those working in agriculture, education and legal field, according to their level of specialization. The orientation towards a socio-economic study has determined the selection of some suitable research methods, in order to help us to obtain answers as close as possible with reality. For this purpose, a series of questionnaires, adapted to each individual case, but having a common basis were used. Interviews with 50 people for each of the mentioned branches of activity have been established. All the responses have been then inserted into a database and statistically processed, being obtained three distinct analyzes, which afterwards could be compared to each other, leading to the final findings. Another direction of research has been the one represented by the education awareness, many of the surveyed persons, who oriented themselves to these professions, completing their studies along the way, and afterwards continuing to inform themselves, to learn, to ask other specialized people. Conclusions arising are among the most diverse, but all guides us to the necessity of changing the way of thinking, of education and of its entire aim perception. Motivating people is an aspect that deserves all the specialists in sociology attention, being a phenomenon of real importance for the society we live in and especially for the future of education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing competition in the market of educational services requires increased efforts to ensure an adequate quality of the educational products offered by vocational education institutions. However, reaching the adequate quality standards is impossible without the active involvement of stakeholders. Only through the synergy of the efforts of all groups of stakeholders, the progress in the quality of educational services provided can be achieved - a particularly important task especially for agricultural vocational education, which has a strategic significance for the Republic of Moldova. Knowing and correctly perceiving their role in this regard is required as an indispensable factor of quality and performance. The basic objectives of the research were: a) mapping the stakeholders of the State Agrarian University of Moldova; b) evaluation of the stakeholders' perception by the management team and the university staff. In order to achieve these objectives, the following research tools were used: the synthesis of a series of scientific publications with reference to the emergence and evolution of stakeholder theory in higher education; mapping process; structured thematic interview; tabular and graphical presentation of the primary data; structural analysis; descriptive method. As a result of the research, the mapping of the stakeholders of the State Agrarian University of Moldova was performed. Also, the areas that require intervention in the quality of stakeholder perception by university managers and teaching staff were identified: more active promotion of the value of stakeholders; increasing the level of involvement of the teaching staff in collaborative activities with external stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small-scale farmers faced numerous risks related to the adverse impact of climate change, particularly prolonged periods of drought. Although farmers use various risk-coping strategies, these are insufficient to prevent them from remaining food insecure. This study aimed to identify the determinants of farmer’s adaptation strategies to drought in selected municipalities of Southern Leyte, Philippines. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify the determinants. The results show that participation in agricultural training, awareness of drought and total farm income have positive and significant relationships with adaptation strategies. The result of the logistic regression implies that when farmers are aware, well-trained and equipped, they are more inclined to employ adaptation strategies to drought. The result also indicates that farmers who have experienced and are knowledgeable about dry spells have more tendencies to adapt and adjust during the actual occurrence of drought. More effort may also be made to older farmers as they are less likely to employ adaptation strategies. In addition, information and training about using drought-tolerant crop varieties is of the feasible options to consider in responding to drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this article was to assess the quality of skills held by graduates of agricultural specialties in the Republic of Moldova in terms of contribution to the tasks of sustainable development of the rural environment. For this purpose, an empirical study was conduct on the contribution of managers and specialists in the agricultural field in order to solve the tasks of sustainable development of economic units in which they operate based on their own perception. Starting from this premise, an opinion poll was conduct on a total sample of 157 specialists, graduates of various vocational education programs with an agricultural profile of levels 4-7 ECTS. As result of the data processing, a number of problems were deduced regarding the transfer of the quality of the outputs of the vocational education system with an agricultural profile in the performance of the agricultural production sector and, implicitly, the sustainable development at enterprise level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural Extension Agents (AEAs) in Nigeria are saddled with the responsibility of helping farmers improve their knowledge and skill in agriculture thereby improving their livelihood opportunities. Based on this the study looked into the effectiveness of the agents in ensuring sustainable agricultural development. Specifically the study described the socio-economic characteristics of the AEAs, determined their levels of knowledge and skills in sustainable agricultural development activities and identified their training needs. Three states: Lagos, Oyo and Ondo states were randomly selected from the six in southwest Nigeria and all the AEAs in the Agricultural Development Projects in the selected states were sampled. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire. Data analysis was done using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Results of the study revealed that males (68.1%) dominated extension service in southwest Nigeria. The mean age of the AEA was 39 years and the mean year of experience of the AEA was 10 years. AEAs highest mean score on knowledge in sustainable agricultural development activities was recorded in livestock manure management (x = 3.37) and the highest mean score in skill was recorded in farmers organization establishment (x = 2.98). Some of the training needs identified included participatory needs analysis and livestock manure management. The study concluded that many of the identified training needs are outside the pre-service training of the AEAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed factors influencing performance of National Directorate of Employment Graduate farmers in Rural Agricultural Development Training Scheme of Imo State, Nigeria. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was used to select 90 (45 cassava and 45 poultry farmers). Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, mean counts. Return on Investment and multiple regression models. The result from the study showed that 57.78% of the farmers were males with mean farming experience of 14 years and farm size and flock size of 1.5 hectares and 90.5 birds respectively. The result also shows that incomes from cassava and poultry farming were N325,500.00 and N421,400.00 respectively. Cassava and poultry production enterprise was a lucrative business with a Return on Investment (ROI) of 142.40%.and 138.40% respectively. The multiple regression analysis result revealed that coefficients for age, marital status, household size, farming experience, flock size, crop output and poultry output influenced performance of cassava and poultry farmers' performance. It is therefore recommends proper funding of the scheme, awareness and sensitization of the programme agricultural activities and monitoring of graduate farmers for effective performance of their farming activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary role of agriculture is to produce food. However is the agriculture sector able to provide other activities? Exploitation of biomass and production of biogas from the waste of agricultural production shows that the farmer can become producers of energy. Two of the most typical agricultural countries in European Union are Slovakia and the Netherlands. This article was based to answer the question: What are the differences of using green energy in Slovakia and the Netherlands in agricultural sector? Comparison of information such as spread of land, population density, gross domestic product data on agricultural production, energy production and consumption in the agricultural sector showed that renewable energies are widely used in agriculture sector although approach in both countries is different, as a result of differences in the climate and geographical condition of these countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is situated in the field of agriculture and the main subject is education of agriculture in Iraq, within the context of creating a clear vision of the current status and the evolution of agricultural education in Iraq, by comparison with neighboring countries such as Iran, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Syria. Given the fact that agricultural education is related to the field of education as well several factors will be taken into account, such as the education system in Iraq and neighboring countries, general education in the world, professional or vocational education and technical education also. The Iraqi educational system will represent one of the main cores, which is why a bigger section is dedicated to it. The results and conclusions section contain the main conclusions and the findings are discussed, and recommendations are concerning the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study is situated in the field of agriculture and the main subject is extension of agriculture in Iraq, within the context of creating a clear vision of the current status of agriculture in Iraq, by comparison regarding crop and agricultural areas with neighbouring countries such as Iran, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Syria. Given the fact that extension is a multidisciplinary function, an educational, political and organizational instrument, several factors will be taken into account, such as the population of Iraq, since it is important to evaluate the efficiency of the agricultural production regarding meeting local needs and not being depended on imported food. The Iraqi educational system will also be considered a factor of extension, which is why a section will be dedicated to it, also the practical activities of society are considered important since they lead to the drafting and implementation of policies that are able to help the development of agriculture and at the same time respect the environment, health and quality of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated perception and attitudinal behavior of lecturers in the use of ICT in classroom teaching and learning in Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. A structured questionnaire was administered on a 5 point Likert-type questions to 120 of the 550 lecturers following simple random technique. The collected data were analyzed by finding means of respondents' feelings and hypothesis with correlation coefficient. The means showed that ICT facilities are not frequently used in classroom teaching/learning by the lecturers (x = 2.20). However, multimedia projector (x = 3.49) and computer (x = 3.36) were mostly used. The lecturers perception (x = 3.05) was positive and their attitudinal behavior (x = 2.89) was negative in the use of ICT in classroom. The correlation coefficient (r) was 0.373 and significant at 5% critical alpha level. It implies that there was a positive significant relationship between perception of ICT and attitude of the lecturers in the use of ICT. We advised that lecturers should put in more effort in the use of ICTs order than the multimedia and computer in classroom teaching/learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study assessed agricultural internship trainings being exposed to students and their job aspiration after Universities education with the aim of identifying different trainings exposed to them. A Multistage sampling procedure was used to select two hundred (200) respondents from four (4) Federal Universities in South Western Nigeria. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data collected. The result revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 24 ± 2.33 years, and majorities (72.5%) of the respondents' parents were educated up to the tertiary institution. It was observed that the trainings exposed to the students differ across selected universities namely; Application of Computers to Agriculture, On-farm Demonstration, Teaching in Secondary School, Baking making, Tie and Dye, Horticulture crop production, Pasture production and Management technique. Furthermore, it was observed that respondents were exposed to the same trainings irrespective of their Departments except for Federal University of Technology because of the peculiarities of the Departments. Moreover, correlation analysis results revealed that there was no significant relationship between parents' working years (r = 0.034; P= 0.05), age (r = -.078; P= 0.05) and years of education(r = -0.045; P= 0.05) of respondents and their job aspiration. The study recommended among others that Universities offering agriculture as a course should compare their curriculum periodically and the needs of students should be considered when drafting internship plan for trainings in order to motivate to embrace agriculture as a profession thereby enhance food security in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed to present the role of extension agents in improving rice farmers' income in Albuera, Leyte, Philippines. It also predicts the significant factors that influence the rice farmers' income to make policies that might improve the well-being of farmers as well as their rice production. Primary data were gathered through a developed structured questionnaire as a guide for a face-to-face interview of the sample farmers. The gathered data were summarized through some descriptive statistics and constructed an inference using econometric analysis in the form of a regression model. Results depicted that the average monthly income of rice farmers in Albuera, Leyte is close to 5,047.95 (₱) (SD=2,208.20 (₱)). On average, farmers’ perception score towards extension agents’ role revealed that they are “undecided” (Mean=3.28; SD=0.85) (score of 1 to 5) in regards to satisfaction. Additionally, the econometric model showed that farmer's ownership of the rice field (p-value=0.003), educational attainment of farmers (p-value=0.001), perception of farmers to extension agents as "organizers" (p-value=0.100), and perception of farmers to extension agent as "facilitator" (p-value=0.080) are the significant predictors of their monthly income. In conclusion, farmers in Albuera need assistance in regard to their agricultural production especially knowledge about new technologies and innovation to increase their economic profit. Hence, the study recommends that the Philippine local government must initiate organizing farmers' associations and cooperatives to address farmers' constraints and lack of agricultural training. Furthermore, the agricultural sector in the country must strengthen the agricultural extension agents by giving them proper training and education to effectively aid farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The area is 4,993 km2 Mehedinti, representing 2.1% of the country. Mehedinti County due to its potential, diversity of terrain and geographical location, has a well-defined economic landscape, being one of the few counties with the smooth articulation of agricultural use, featuring a whole range agrochemical and pedological, which requires a scientific approach permanently and agricultural phenomenon. Structural changes in agriculture, the existence of conflicting properties with optimal criteria, economic and biological, agricultural farms, impose a number of restrictions that require us to promote research priorities and objectives able to rehabilitate agricultural infrastructure around. Knowing in detail yielding and technological features, favouring and restricting factors of agricultural production on each land portion both from the point of view of present response and of real possibilities of turning them into better ones can be, for the decision-maker a precious tool in achieving the most suited practical measures of producing plant biomass in a dynamics well correlated with environmental ecological requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work seeks to underscore its correlative aspect of business initiatives and labor force training from Olt County rural areas. The high schools and alumni structure analysis for the agricultural and veterinary profile of Olt County, shows a variation in the number of agricultural high schools, but an annual discrepancy between the students enrolled number and the graduates number. Simultaneously, from the holdings dimension analysis, it can be seen the accented character of a subsistence agriculture. In the analysis performed it may also be indicated the farming business manifestation / rural areas. Through all these, it can be synthesized the fact that business development in agriculture is related to the need to monitor the total business entrepreneurs evolution, along with their training level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture contributes to Turkish economic development by manufacturing essential agricultural products, utilizing a huge portion of the population, trading of agricultural products, making intermediate goods for the other sectors. However, poverty along with deepening gap between input and output prices caused by Turkish agricultural policies implemented in the recent years has pushed farmers to quit farming. As a matter of fact, in 2017 5.4 million worked in agricultural sector, which were 7.7 million people in 2000. Therefore, object of this study was to investigate the factors affecting farmers' likelihood to quit agriculture. The data was collected by a questionnaire conducted in the selected districts of Izmir and totally 195 farmers are calculated as sample size. Logit regression model was used to determine the factors affecting quitting agriculture. The results show that agricultural subsidy, tenure, education and the size of the farm are the important factors for quitting decision. The question of who will make agricultural production in the future will be on the agenda as long as agriculture loses attractiveness for young people. The situation is no different in a country with a high young population country like Turkey. Hence, agriculture should be encouraged especially for young people with high education and entrepreneurship ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]