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Discusses the book "Sparing Nature: The Conflict Between Human Population Growth and Earth's Biodiversity," by Jeffrey K. McKee. Total number of people added per year to the world; Percentage of total amount of plant production being utilized by humans; Negative relationship between human activities and the intentional and accidental introductions of plants, animals and microbes into various countries.

The article discusses the meanings and methods of good arithmetic teaching in the elementary schools. Earlier there was misconception among the teachers that there were only one way to solve an arithmetical problem. They followed the old-time notion that there is one method for addition, subtraction etc. However different teachers have different methods of teaching. Some teachers can teach more effectively by one method while some teachers through another method. Similarly some pupils understand better through on type of presentation while others through another type. The good teacher is one who knows many ways of teaching and who is more is more open-minded and tactful. The different teaching methods have different success rate, so the teachers should give students an option to select the particular method of teaching.

The article considers the function of rapidity and the limitations under which it should be striven for in teaching arithmetic will be considered. The practical man of affairs who supports, judges, and criticizes school work has an eye single to results alone, giving little or no heed to methods by which the results are reached. The teacher has his eye on results, but his chief concern is for methods that are economically and educationally sound. It is the manifest duty of the teacher to seek by an individual study of his pupils to ascertain the norm of speed for each pupil and to hold him up to religiously, but by no means to drag him beyond it.

The article discusses astro-geography as a subject for study in grade school. The author suggests that children should be taught astronomy and be provided with a short procedure on carrying it out. Although he knows that many teachers will object to his idea, he explains that it is important that emphasis must be given to children to draw their own inferences from their observations. He suggests that since it is difficult to teach imaginary astronomical bodies in the classroom, evening observations of the moon, planets and star constellations must be given as a homework. The notes of the pupils on their observations are then discussed on the following day. He also recommended the use of the book "Astronomy by Observation," by Eliza A. Bowen as a guide.

The article reflects on the indirect measurement aspect in elementary mathematical study which is related to laboratory works. Familiar examples of indirect measurement are the determination of the areas of plane figures and of the capacities of vessels and the volumes of solids. Mathematical teachers who make an attempt to square their practice with psychology base their teaching on measurement. Elementary geometrical surveying presents another class of problems in indirect measurement to the elementary pupils. It also discusses the process called "Traversing" in engineering terms.

The article discusses the mathematics subject in education in U. S. schools. There are still arguments among teachers regarding the teaching of this subject. They are much in favor of the high disciplinary values of the pure memory work of arithmetic. The teachers have observed that the mechanical work of arithmetic are reduced sooner to the automatic state by some pupils than others. An outline for the mathematics subject in November is presented as well as the course outline for the winter and spring quarters.

The article reports on the nature and scope of mathematics in the elementary schools. It discusses the importance of having a mathematics teacher that has the right sort of training. The manner of teaching a mathematical subject is more important that the subject matter because mathematics is the most difficult subject to present since it has the tendency to become a mechanical routine. An overview of the proposed course and outlines for special teachers in mathematics and supervisors are presented.

The article discusses several reminders to provide effective means in the teaching of arithmetic for secondary and primary classes in Chicago, Illinois. Arithmetical teaching should consider the means to teach the students the laws and uses of the different methods used in numbers such as in subtraction without using modern technology such as calculators. Teachers should discover ways to teach students into an easy working knowledge of elementary mathematics through mental discipline, inducing judgment of magnitude and culture which could be used for efficient means in business dealings in the future.

The article presents formulas and other simplified equations as a means of learning Applied Algebra the easy way. The author implied that factoring of numbers is a possible guarantee for progress in learning the advanced mathematical work. Topics about reducing fractions into whole numbers is discussed with much emphasis on its use in factoring numbers. Applied Trigonometry is also covered with topics about tension, compression and shear. Mathematical problems related to equations for the seventh and eighth grades are also presented.

The article focuses on a course in mathematics. Mathematics is recognized as an important aspect in the field of science. However, only a few of the students who study mathematics in public schools in the U.S. become or desire to pursue careers in mathematics. To such individuals, mathematical study is of value chiefly in defining and clarifying the ideas and in organizing and relating the facts and phenomena of the physical world. It therefore perceived that mathematical sciences may be taught by presenting the foundation principles as means of revealing certain aspects of the world of physical phenomena. Various syllabi on applied mathematics that are aimed at making the needs of the learning mind as the organizing idea are presented.

The article talks about the instructional system design for mathematics and pedagogy study and teaching for the students in Chicago, Illinois. This curriculum plan intends to focus the teachers' attention on the attempt to make the meaning of the mathematical processes clearer. Furthermore, they aim at answering the most serious criticism against the current methods of teaching elementary mathematics which is the utter failure to develop the mathematical sense. This curriculum plan aims at giving the student a degree of power to recognize the quantitative aspects of his environment in any way commensurate with the time and thought put upon these subjects.

The article focuses on the curriculum design of elementary mathematics. The success of this teaching allegedly lies on the right use of skill of the learners; it concludes attentive interest, virility, and steadiness of thought. As a teaching aid, an outline for discussion and study for Grades I to IV is suggested. It proposes an activity which could arouse the mathematical reasoning of every student. In this activity, the students are made to discover utmost bend capacity of the sticks of varied kinds, such as pine, ash, hemlock, hickory, elm, red oak and white oak, the determination of weight that could break the certain stick, as well as the bend for each load before the stick breaks. In this way, the students will be able learn number fact and they are taught to answer by measurement.

The article presents information related to the use of elementary mathematics in astronomy. It is important to include a study of the more obvious phenomena of the sky in elementary geographical work. A pupil can be impressed with the earth's form and movements by directing his attention to the changes on the sky which are due to these facts. The observation of the changes on the sky will give him a first-hand familiarity with what actually takes place and how it takes place. Also, the pupil should be encouraged to look for the reason for the observed occurrence in his notes. The article also discusses the outline which will acquaint elementary and secondary teachers with the part of the sky needed to study the planetary and lunar movements. It will also help in explaining questions which arise early in the geography. These questions are related to the form, rotation and revolution of the earth, day and night and changes of the seasons. It suggests teachers to write a plan for teaching some subject related to astronomy to the grade to which it suits best.

The article reflects on the modes of expression viewed as educational agencies. The article argues that the function of expression in education has always received considerable attention in elementary teaching, although attention has not been given too exclusively to one sort of expression. It elaborates that spoken and written language are two of the important agencies through which the pupil may communicate his thoughts and feelings to others. It emphasizes that painting, drawing, modeling, molding, cooking, manual training, dramatic art, and number work are modes of expression common to all children. In addition, one or more of these commonly neglected modes often serve the immediate purposes of elementary education far more adequately than does either verbal or written language.

The article presents the study on how to teach mathematics in schools in the U.S. This concern has been formulated due to the reports that the field of study has the highest incidence of troubles from learning among school children in contrast with the other subjects. It was suggested that the educational curriculum must be revised to prevent the incidence of breaking out from the educational system. Thus, present an outline on every grade level to promote a systematic way of teaching arithmetic and formulated routine drills necessary for the subject matter.