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A study of Gryllodes sigillatus to determine the relationship between investment in courtship food gifts and male fluctuating asymmetry (FA) revealed that there was no correlation between the level of FA and mass of the spermatophylax. While the female is consuming the spermatophylax, which she detaches from the male, the female reproductive tract receives the male's ampulla's contents. Larger spermatophylaxes give more time for the process of insemination and higher chances of fertilization success. However, production of overlarge spermatophylaxes may result in reduced frequency of mating.

The article informs that parental investment includes indirect contributions to offspring through nutrients provided to the male's mate. Biparental care refers to joint male and female care of offspring of insects. It is mentioned that exclusive paternal care occurs when only the male invests in offspring following oviposition and strategies in terrestrial arthropods. The article adds in animal groups, paternal investment is correlated with certainty of paternity and male territoriality.