Author: "De laverny, P." / Publisher: uppsala universitet, observationell astrofysik - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Ultracool dwarfs in Gaia DR3

Author: Sarro, L. M., Berihuete, A., Smart, R. L., Reyle, C., Barrado, D., Garcia-Torres, M., Cooper, W. J., Jones, H. R. A., Marocco, F., Creevey, O. L., Sordo, R., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Montegriffo, P., Carballo, R., Andrae, R., Fouesneau, M., Lanzafame, A. C., Pailler, F., Thevenin, F., Lobel, A., Delchambre, L., Korn, Andreas J., Recio-Blanco, A., Schultheis, M. S., De Angeli, F., Brouillet, N., Casamiquela, L., Contursi, G., de Laverny, P., Garcia-Lario, P., Kordopatis, G., Lebreton, Y., Livanou, E., Lorca, A., Palicio, P. A., Slezak-Oreshina, I., Soubiran, C., Ulla, A., Zhao, H., Sarro, L. M., Berihuete, A., Smart, R. L., Reyle, C., Barrado, D., Garcia-Torres, M., Cooper, W. J., Jones, H. R. A., Marocco, F., Creevey, O. L., Sordo, R., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Montegriffo, P., Carballo, R., Andrae, R., Fouesneau, M., Lanzafame, A. C., Pailler, F., Thevenin, F., Lobel, A., Delchambre, L., Korn, Andreas J., Recio-Blanco, A., Schultheis, M. S., De Angeli, F., Brouillet, N., Casamiquela, L., Contursi, G., de Laverny, P., Garcia-Lario, P., Kordopatis, G., Lebreton, Y., Livanou, E., Lorca, A., Palicio, P. A., Slezak-Oreshina, I., Soubiran, C., Ulla, A., and Zhao, H.
Abstract: Context. Previous Gaia data releases offered the opportunity to uncover ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) through astrometric, rather than purely photometric, selection. The most recent, the third data release (DR3), offers in addition the opportunity to use low-resolution spectra to refine and widen the selection. Aims. In this work we use the Gaia DR3 set of UCD candidates and complement the Gaia spectrophotometry with additional photometry in order to characterise the global properties of the set. This includes the inference of the distances, their locus in the Gaia colour-absolute magnitude diagram, and the (biased through selection) luminosity function at the faint end of the main sequence. We study the overall changes in the Gaia RP spectra as a function of spectral type. We study the UCDs in binary systems, we attempt to identify low-mass members of nearby young associations, star-forming regions, and clusters, and we analyse their variability properties. Methods. We used a forward model and the Bayesian inference framework to produce posterior probabilities for the distribution parameters and a calibration of the colour index as a function of the absolute magnitude in the form of a Gaussian process. Additionally, we applied the hierarchical mode association clustering (HMAC) unsupervised classification algorithm for the detection and characterisation of overdensities in the space of celestial coordinates, projected velocities, and parallaxes. Results. We detect 57 young, kinematically homogeneous groups, some of which are identified as well-known star-forming regions, associations, and clusters of different ages. We find that the primary members of the 880 binary systems with a UCD belong to the thin and thick disc components of the Milky Way. We identify 1109 variable UCDs using the variability tables in the Gaia archive, 728 of which belong to the star-forming regions defined by HMAC. We define two groups of variable UCDs with extreme bright or faint outliers. Concl
Published: 2023
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2. Apsis. III. Non-stellar content and source classification

Author: Delchambre, L., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Drimmel, R., Garabato, D., Carballo, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Marshall, D. J., Andrae, R., Dafonte, C., Livanou, E., Fouesneau, M., Licata, E. L., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Manteiga, M., Robin, C., Silvelo, A., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Alvarez, M. A., Bakker, J., Bijaoui, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Burlacu, A., Casamiquela, L., Chaoul, L., Chiavassa, A., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Creevey, O. L., Dapergolas, A., de laverny, P., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Edvardsson, Bengt, Fremat, Y., Garcia-Lario, P., Garcia-Torres, M., Gavel, Alvin, Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Heiter, Ulrike, Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, Andreas, Lanzafame, A. C., Lebreton, Y., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Marocco, F., Mary, N., Nicolas, C., Ordenovic, C., Pailler, F., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panem, C., Pichon, B., Poggio, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Riclet, F., Rybizki, J., Santovena, R., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M. S., Segol, M., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Sordo, R., Soubiran, C., Suveges, M., Thevenin, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Vallenari, A., van Dillen, E., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Delchambre, L., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Drimmel, R., Garabato, D., Carballo, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Marshall, D. J., Andrae, R., Dafonte, C., Livanou, E., Fouesneau, M., Licata, E. L., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Manteiga, M., Robin, C., Silvelo, A., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Alvarez, M. A., Bakker, J., Bijaoui, A., Brouillet, N., Brugaletta, E., Burlacu, A., Casamiquela, L., Chaoul, L., Chiavassa, A., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Creevey, O. L., Dapergolas, A., de laverny, P., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Edvardsson, Bengt, Fremat, Y., Garcia-Lario, P., Garcia-Torres, M., Gavel, Alvin, Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Heiter, Ulrike, Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Korn, Andreas, Lanzafame, A. C., Lebreton, Y., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Marocco, F., Mary, N., Nicolas, C., Ordenovic, C., Pailler, F., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panem, C., Pichon, B., Poggio, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Riclet, F., Rybizki, J., Santovena, R., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M. S., Segol, M., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Sordo, R., Soubiran, C., Suveges, M., Thevenin, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Vallenari, A., van Dillen, E., Zhao, H., and Zorec, J.
Abstract: Context: As part of the third Gaia Data Release, we present the contributions of the non-stellar and classification modules from the eighth coordination unit (CU8) of the Data Processing and Analysis Consortium, which is responsible for the determination of source astrophysical parameters using Gaia data. This is the third in a series of three papers describing the work done within CU8 for this release. Aims: For each of the five relevant modules from CU8, we summarise their objectives, the methods they employ, their performance, and the results they produce for Gaia DR3. We further advise how to use these data products and highlight some limitations. Methods: The Discrete Source Classifier (DSC) module provides classification probabilities associated with five types of sources: quasars, galaxies, stars, white dwarfs, and physical binary stars. A subset of these sources are processed by the Outlier Analysis (OA) module, which performs an unsupervised clustering analysis, and then associates labels with the clusters to complement the DSC classification. The Quasi Stellar Object Classifier (QSOC) and the Unresolved Galaxy Classifier (UGC) determine the redshifts of the sources classified as quasar and galaxy by the DSC module. Finally, the Total Galactic Extinction (TGE) module uses the extinctions of individual stars determined by another CU8 module to determine the asymptotic extinction along all lines of sight for Galactic latitudes |b| > 5 degrees. Results: Gaia DR3 includes 1591 million sources with DSC classifications; 56 million sources to which the OA clustering is applied; 1.4 million sources with redshift estimates from UGC; 6.4 million sources with QSOC redshift; and 3.1 million level 9 HEALPixes of size 0 :013 deg(2) where the extinction is evaluated by TGE. Conclusions: Validation shows that results are in good agreement with values from external catalogues; for example 90% of the QSOC redshifts have absolute error lower than 0:1 for sources with empty
Published: 2023
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3. Gaia Data Release 3 : Astrophysical parameters inference system (Apsis). I. Methods and content overview

Author: Creevey, O. L., Sordo, R., Pailler, F., Fremat, Y., Heiter, Ulrike, Thevenin, F., Andrae, R., Fouesneau, M., Lobel, A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Garabato, D., Bellas-Velidis, I., Brugaletta, E., Lorca, A., Ordenovic, C., Palicio, P. A., Sarro, L. M., Delchambre, L., Drimmel, R., Rybizki, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Korn, Andreas, Recio-Blanco, A., Schultheis, M. S., De Angeli, F., Montegri, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Alvarez, M. A., Bakker, J., Brouillet, N., Burlacu, A., Carballo, R., Casamiquela, L., Chiavassa, A., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., de Laverny, P., Dharmawardena, T. E., Edvardsson, Bengt, Le Fustec, Y., Garcia-Lario, P., Garcia-Torres, M., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Hatzidimitriou, D., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Kontiza, M., Kordopatis, G., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebreton, Y., Licata, E. L., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Livanou, E., Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Manteiga, M., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Mary, N., Nicolas, C., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panem, C., Pichon, B., Poggio, E., Riclet, F., Robin, C., Santovena, R., Silvelo, A., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Soubiran, C., Suveges, M., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Vallenari, A., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Barrado, D., Bijaoui, A., Bouret, J. -C, Blomme, R., Brott, I., Cassisi, S., Kochukhov, Oleg, Martayan, C., Shulyak, D., Silvester, J., Creevey, O. L., Sordo, R., Pailler, F., Fremat, Y., Heiter, Ulrike, Thevenin, F., Andrae, R., Fouesneau, M., Lobel, A., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Garabato, D., Bellas-Velidis, I., Brugaletta, E., Lorca, A., Ordenovic, C., Palicio, P. A., Sarro, L. M., Delchambre, L., Drimmel, R., Rybizki, J., Elipe, G. Torralba, Korn, Andreas, Recio-Blanco, A., Schultheis, M. S., De Angeli, F., Montegri, P., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Alvarez, M. A., Bakker, J., Brouillet, N., Burlacu, A., Carballo, R., Casamiquela, L., Chiavassa, A., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., de Laverny, P., Dharmawardena, T. E., Edvardsson, Bengt, Le Fustec, Y., Garcia-Lario, P., Garcia-Torres, M., Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Hatzidimitriou, D., Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Kontiza, M., Kordopatis, G., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebreton, Y., Licata, E. L., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Livanou, E., Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Manteiga, M., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Mary, N., Nicolas, C., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panem, C., Pichon, B., Poggio, E., Riclet, F., Robin, C., Santovena, R., Silvelo, A., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Soubiran, C., Suveges, M., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Vallenari, A., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Barrado, D., Bijaoui, A., Bouret, J. -C, Blomme, R., Brott, I., Cassisi, S., Kochukhov, Oleg, Martayan, C., Shulyak, D., and Silvester, J.
Abstract: Gaia Data Release 3 contains a wealth of new data products for the community. Astrophysical parameters are a major component of this release, and were produced by the Astrophysical parameters inference system (Apsis) within the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). The aim of this paper is to describe the overall content of the astrophysical parameters in Gaia DR3 and how they were produced. In Apsis, we use the mean BP /RP and mean RVS spectra along with astrometry and photometry, and we derive the following parameters: source classification and probabilities for 1.6 billion objects; interstellar medium characterisation and distances for up to 470 million sources, including a 2D total Galactic extinction map; 6 million redshifts of quasar candidates; 1.4 million redshifts of galaxy candidates; and an analysis of 50 million outlier sources through an unsupervised classification. The astrophysical parameters also include many stellar spectroscopic and evolutionary parameters for up to 470 million sources. These comprise T-eff, log g, and [M /H] (470 million using BP /RP, 6 million using RVS), radius (470 million), mass (140 million), age (120 million), chemical abundances (up to 5 million), diffuse interstellar band analysis (0.5 million), activity indices (2 million), H ff equivalent widths (200 million), and further classification of spectral types (220 million) and emission-line stars (50 000). This paper is the first in a series of three papers, and focusses on describing the global content of the parameters in Gaia DR3. The accompanying Papers II and III focus on the validation and use of the stellar and non-stellar products, respectively. This catalogue is the most extensive homogeneous database of astrophysical parameters to date, and is based uniquely on Gaia data. It will only be superseded by Gaia Data Release 4, and will therefore remain a key reference over the next four years, providing astrophysical parameters independent of other ground
Published: 2023
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4. Gaia Data Release 3 : Analysis of the Gaia BP/RP spectra using the General Stellar Parameterizer from Photometry

Author: Andrae, R., Fouesneau, M., Sordo, R., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Dharmawardena, T. E., Rybizki, J., De Angeli, F., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Marshall, D. J., Drimmel, R., Korn, Andreas, Soubiran, C., Brouillet, N., Casamiquela, L., Rix, H. -W, Aramburu, A. Abreu, Alvarez, M. A., Bakker, J., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bijaoui, A., Brugaletta, E., Burlacu, A., Carballo, R., Chaoul, L., Chiavassa, A., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Creevey, O. L., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., De laverny, P., Delchambre, L., Demouchy, C., Edvardsson, Bengt, Fremat, Y., Garabato, D., Garcia-Lario, P., Garcia-Torres, M., Gavel, Alvin, Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, Ulrike, Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebreton, Y., Licata, E. L., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Manteiga, M., Marocco, F., Mary, N., Nicolas, C., Ordenovic, C., Pailler, F., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panem, C., Pichon, B., Poggio, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Riclet, F., Robin, C., Santovena, R., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M. S., Segol, M., Silvelo, A., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Suveges, M., Thevenin, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Vallenari, A., van Dillen, E., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Andrae, R., Fouesneau, M., Sordo, R., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Dharmawardena, T. E., Rybizki, J., De Angeli, F., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Marshall, D. J., Drimmel, R., Korn, Andreas, Soubiran, C., Brouillet, N., Casamiquela, L., Rix, H. -W, Aramburu, A. Abreu, Alvarez, M. A., Bakker, J., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bijaoui, A., Brugaletta, E., Burlacu, A., Carballo, R., Chaoul, L., Chiavassa, A., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Creevey, O. L., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., De laverny, P., Delchambre, L., Demouchy, C., Edvardsson, Bengt, Fremat, Y., Garabato, D., Garcia-Lario, P., Garcia-Torres, M., Gavel, Alvin, Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, Ulrike, Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebreton, Y., Licata, E. L., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Manteiga, M., Marocco, F., Mary, N., Nicolas, C., Ordenovic, C., Pailler, F., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panem, C., Pichon, B., Poggio, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Riclet, F., Robin, C., Santovena, R., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M. S., Segol, M., Silvelo, A., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Suveges, M., Thevenin, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Vallenari, A., van Dillen, E., Zhao, H., and Zorec, J.
Abstract: Context: The astrophysical characterisation of sources is among the major new data products in the third Gaia Data Release (DR3). In particular, there are stellar parameters for 471 million sources estimated from low-resolution BP /RP spectra. Aims: We present the General Stellar Parameterizer from Photometry (GSP-Phot), which is part of the astrophysical parameters inference system (Apsis). GSP-Phot is designed to produce a homogeneous catalogue of parameters for hundreds of millions of single non-variable stars based on their astrometry, photometry, and low-resolution BP/RP spectra. These parameters are effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, absolute MG magnitude, radius, distance, and extinction for each star. Methods: GSP-Phot uses a Bayesian forward-modelling approach to simultaneously fit the BP /RP spectrum, parallax, and apparent G magnitude. A major design feature of GSP-Phot is the use of the apparent flux levels of BP /RP spectra to derive, in combination with isochrone models, tight observational constraints on radii and distances. We carefully validate the uncertainty estimates by exploiting repeat Gaia observations of the same source. Results: The data release includes GSP-Phot results for 471 million sources with G < 19. Typical differences to literature values are 110K for T-eff and 0.2-0.25 for log g, but these depend strongly on data quality. In particular, GSP-Phot results are significantly better for stars with good parallax measurements (pi/sigma(pi) > 20), mostly within 2 kpc. Metallicity estimates exhibit substantial biases compared to literature values and are only useful at a qualitative level. However, we provide an empirical calibration of our metallicity estimates that largely removes these biases. Extinctions A(0) and A(BP) show typical di fferences from reference values of 0.07-0.09 mag. MCMC samples of the parameters are also available for 95% of the sources. Conclusions: GSP-Phot provides a homogeneous catalogue of
Published: 2023
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5. Gaia Data Release 3 : Stellar chromospheric activity and mass accretion from Ca II IRT observed by the Radial Velocity Spectrometer

Author: Lanzafame, A. C., Brugaletta, E., Fremat, Y., Sordo, R., Creevey, O. L., Andretta, V., Scandariato, G., Busa, I., Distefano, E., Korn, Andreas, de laverny, P., Recio-Blanco, A., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Alvarez, M. A., Andrae, R., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bakker, J., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bijaoui, A., Brouillet, N., Burlacu, A., Carballo, R., Casamiquela, L., Chaoul, L., Chiavassa, A., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., Delchambre, L., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Drimmel, R., Edvardsson, Bengt, Fouesneau, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Lario, P., Garcia-Torres, M., Gavel, Alvin, Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, Ulrike, Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Lebreton, Y., Licata, E. L., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Manteiga, M., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Mary, N., Nicolas, C., Ordenovic, C., Pailler, F., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panem, C., Pichon, B., Poggio, E., Riclet, F., Robin, C., Rybizki, J., Santovena, R., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M. S., Segol, M., Silvelo, A., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Soubiran, C., Suveges, M., Thevenin, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Vallenari, A., van Dillen, E., Zhao, H., Zorec, J., Lanzafame, A. C., Brugaletta, E., Fremat, Y., Sordo, R., Creevey, O. L., Andretta, V., Scandariato, G., Busa, I., Distefano, E., Korn, Andreas, de laverny, P., Recio-Blanco, A., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Alvarez, M. A., Andrae, R., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bakker, J., Bellas-Velidis, I., Bijaoui, A., Brouillet, N., Burlacu, A., Carballo, R., Casamiquela, L., Chaoul, L., Chiavassa, A., Contursi, G., Cooper, W. J., Dafonte, C., Dapergolas, A., Delchambre, L., Demouchy, C., Dharmawardena, T. E., Drimmel, R., Edvardsson, Bengt, Fouesneau, M., Garabato, D., Garcia-Lario, P., Garcia-Torres, M., Gavel, Alvin, Gomez, A., Gonzalez-Santamaria, I., Hatzidimitriou, D., Heiter, Ulrike, Piccolo, A. Jean-Antoine, Kontizas, M., Kordopatis, G., Lebreton, Y., Licata, E. L., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lorca, A., Romeo, A. Magdaleno, Manteiga, M., Marocco, F., Marshall, D. J., Mary, N., Nicolas, C., Ordenovic, C., Pailler, F., Palicio, P. A., Pallas-Quintela, L., Panem, C., Pichon, B., Poggio, E., Riclet, F., Robin, C., Rybizki, J., Santovena, R., Sarro, L. M., Schultheis, M. S., Segol, M., Silvelo, A., Slezak, I., Smart, R. L., Soubiran, C., Suveges, M., Thevenin, F., Elipe, G. Torralba, Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Vallenari, A., van Dillen, E., Zhao, H., and Zorec, J.
Abstract: Context: The Gaia Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) provides the unique opportunity of a spectroscopic analysis of millions of stars at medium resolution (lambda/Delta lambda similar to 11 500) in the near-infrared (845 872 nm). This wavelength range includes the Ca ii infrared triplet (IRT) at 850.03, 854.44, and 866.45 nm, which is a good indicator of magnetic activity in the chromosphere of late-type stars. Aims: Here we present the method devised for inferring the Gaia stellar activity index from the analysis of the Ca ii IRT in the RVS spectrum, together with its scientific validation. Methods: The Gaia stellar activity index is derived from the Ca ii IRT excess equivalent width with respect to a reference spectrum, taking the projected rotational velocity (v sin i) into account. We performed scientific validation of the Gaia stellar activity index by deriving a R'(IRT) index, which is largely independent of the photospheric parameters, and considering the correlation with the R'(HK) index for a sample of stars. A sample of well-studied pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars is considered to identify the regime in which the Gaia stellar activity index may be a ffected by mass accretion. The position of these stars in the colour-magnitude diagram and the correlation with the amplitude of the photometric rotational modulation is also scrutinised. Results: Gaia DR3 contains a stellar activity index derived from the Ca ii IRT for some 2 x 10(6) stars in the Galaxy. This represents a `gold mine' for studies on stellar magnetic activity and mass accretion in the solar vicinity. Three regimes of the chromospheric stellar activity are identified, confirming suggestions made by previous authors based on much smaller R-HK(') datasets. The highest stellar activity regime is associated with PMS stars and RS CVn systems, in which activity is enhanced by tidal interaction. Some evidence of a bimodal distribution in main sequence (MS) stars with T-eff >= 5000K is also found, which
Published: 2023
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6. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Motivation, implementation, GIRAFFE data processing, analysis, and final data products star

Author: Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Sacco, G. G., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Francois, P., Jeffries, R. D., Koposov, S. E., Bragaglia, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Blomme, R., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Irwin, M. J., Franciosini, E., Morbidelli, L., Damiani, F., Bonito, R., Friel, E. D., Vink, J. S., Prisinzano, L., Abbas, U., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jordi, C., Paunzen, E., Spagna, A., Jackson, R. J., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bergemann, M., Casey, A. R., de Laverny, P., Frasca, A., Hill, V, Lind, K., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Adibekyan, V, Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Montes, D., Morel, T., Ruchti, G., Soubiran, C., Tabernero, H. M., Tautvaisiene, G., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Bayo, A., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Edvardsson, Bengt, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Walton, N. A., Zaggia, S., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Bellazzini, M., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Ludwig, H-G, Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. I., Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spina, L., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., and Zucker, D. B.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including large representative samples of the stellar populations in the Galaxy, and a well-defined sample of 60 (plus 20 archive) open clusters. We provide internally consistent results calibrated on benchmark stars and star clusters, extending across a very wide range of abundances and ages. This provides a legacy data set of intrinsic value, and equally a large wide-ranging dataset that is of value for the homogenisation of other and future stellar surveys and Gaia's astrophysical parameters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey methodology, the scientific aims, and the implementation, including a description of the data processing for the GIRAFFE spectra. A companion paper introduces the survey results. Methods. Gaia-ESO aspires to quantify both random and systematic contributions to measurement uncertainties. Thus, all available spectroscopic analysis techniques are utilised, each spectrum being analysed by up to several different analysis pipelines, with considerable effort being made to homogenise and calibrate the resulting parameters. We describe here the sequence of activities up to delivery of processed data products to the ESO Science Archive Facility for open use. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey obtained 202 000 spectra of 115 000 stars using 340 allocated VLT nights between December 2011 and January 2018 from GIRAFFE and UVES. Conclusions. The full consistently reduced final data set of spectra was released through the ESO Science Archive Facility in late 2020, with the full astrophysical parameters sets following in 2022. A companion article reviews the survey implementation, scientific highlights, the open cluster survey, and data products.
Published: 2022
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7. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey : Implementation, data products, open cluster survey, science, and legacy

Author: Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Magrini, L., Sacco, G. G., Jackson, R. J., Jeffries, R. D., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Franciosini, E., Lewis, J. R., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Bensby, T., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Irwin, M. J., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas, Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bayo, A., Bergemann, M., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Damiani, F., Frasca, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V, Jofre, P., de Laverny, P., Lind, K., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Zaggia, S., Adibekyan, V, Bonito, R., Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Montes, D., Morel, T., Soubiran, C., Spina, L., Tabernero, H. M., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Wright, N. J., Abbas, U., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Friel, E. D., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Jordi, C., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Paunzen, E., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. , I, Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spagna, A., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Vink, J. S., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., Walton, N. A., Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Magrini, L., Sacco, G. G., Jackson, R. J., Jeffries, R. D., Worley, C. C., Hourihane, A., Gonneau, A., Vazquez, C. Viscasillas, Franciosini, E., Lewis, J. R., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Bensby, T., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Irwin, M. J., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas, Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Zwitter, T., Asplund, M., Bonifacio, P., Feltzing, S., Binney, J., Drew, J., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Negueruela, I, Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Bayo, A., Bergemann, M., Biazzo, K., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Damiani, F., Frasca, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V, Jofre, P., de Laverny, P., Lind, K., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Zaggia, S., Adibekyan, V, Bonito, R., Caffau, E., Daflon, S., Feuillet, D. K., Gebran, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J. , I, Guiglion, G., Herrero, A., Lobel, A., Maiz Apellaniz, J., Montes, D., Morel, T., Soubiran, C., Spina, L., Tabernero, H. M., Traven, G., Valentini, M., Van der Swaelmen, M., Villanova, S., Wright, N. J., Abbas, U., Borsen-Koch, V. Aguirre, Alves, J., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barklem, Paul S., Barrado, D., Berlanas, S. R., Binks, A. S., Bressan, A., Capuzzo-Dolcetta, R., Casagrande, L., Casamiquela, L., Collins, R. S., D'Orazi, V, Dantas, M. L. L., Debattista, V. P., Delgado-Mena, E., Di Marcantonio, P., Drazdauskas, A., Evans, N. W., Famaey, B., Franchini, M., Fremat, Y., Friel, E. D., Fu, X., Geisler, D., Gerhard, O., Solares, E. A. Gonzalez, Grebel, E. K., Gutierrez Albarran, M. L., Hatzidimitriou, D., Held, E. , V, Jimenez-Esteban, F., Jonsson, H., Jordi, C., Khachaturyants, T., Kordopatis, G., Kos, J., Lagarde, N., Mahy, L., Mapelli, M., Marfil, E., Martell, S. L., Messina, S., Miglio, A., Minchev, I, Moitinho, A., Montalban, J., Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G., Morossi, C., Mowlavi, N., Mucciarelli, A., Murphy, D. N. A., Nardetto, N., Ortolani, S., Paletou, F., Palous, J., Paunzen, E., Pickering, J. C., Quirrenbach, A., Fiorentin, P. Re, Read, J. , I, Romano, D., Ryde, N., Sanna, N., Santos, W., Seabroke, G. M., Spagna, A., Steinmetz, M., Stonkute, E., Sutorius, E., Thevenin, F., Tosi, M., Tsantaki, M., Vink, J. S., Wright, N., Wyse, R. F. G., Zoccali, M., Zorec, J., Zucker, D. B., and Walton, N. A.
Abstract: Context. In the last 15 years different ground-based spectroscopic surveys have been started (and completed) with the general aim of delivering stellar parameters and elemental abundances for large samples of Galactic stars, complementing Gaia astrometry. Among those surveys, the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey, the only one performed on a 8m class telescope, was designed to target 100 000 stars using FLAMES on the ESO VLT (both Giraffe and UVES spectrographs), covering all the Milky Way populations, with a special focus on open star clusters. Aims. This article provides an overview of the survey implementation (observations, data quality, analysis and its success, data products, and releases), of the open cluster survey, of the science results and potential, and of the survey legacy. A companion article reviews the overall survey motivation, strategy, Giraffe pipeline data reduction, organisation, and workflow. Methods. We made use of the information recorded and archived in the observing blocks; during the observing runs; in a number of relevant documents; in the spectra and master catalogue of spectra; in the parameters delivered by the analysis nodes and the working groups; in the final catalogue; and in the science papers. Based on these sources, we critically analyse and discuss the output and products of the Survey, including science highlights. We also determined the average metallicities of the open clusters observed as science targets and of a sample of clusters whose spectra were retrieved from the ESO archive. Results. The Gaia-ESO Survey has determined homogeneous good-quality radial velocities and stellar parameters for a large fraction of its more than 110 000 unique target stars. Elemental abundances were derived for up to 31 elements for targets observed with UVES. Lithium abundances are delivered for about 1/3 of the sample. The analysis and homogenisation strategies have proven to be successful; several science topics have been addressed by t
Published: 2022
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8. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Galactic evolution of lithium from iDR6

Author: Romano, D., Magrini, L., Randich, S., Casali, G., Bonifacio, P., Jeffries, R. D., Matteucci, F., Franciosini, E., Spina, L., Guiglion, G., Chiappini, C., Mucciarelli, A., Ventura, P., Grisoni, V., Bellazzini, M., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., de Laverny, P., Korn, Andreas J., Martell, S. L., Tautvaisiene, G., Carraro, G., Gonneau, A., Jofré, P., Pancino, E., Smiljanic, R., Vallenari, A., Fu, X., Gutierrez Albarrán, M. L., Jiménez-Esteban, F. M., Montes, D., Damiani, F., Bergemann, M., Worley, C., Romano, D., Magrini, L., Randich, S., Casali, G., Bonifacio, P., Jeffries, R. D., Matteucci, F., Franciosini, E., Spina, L., Guiglion, G., Chiappini, C., Mucciarelli, A., Ventura, P., Grisoni, V., Bellazzini, M., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., de Laverny, P., Korn, Andreas J., Martell, S. L., Tautvaisiene, G., Carraro, G., Gonneau, A., Jofré, P., Pancino, E., Smiljanic, R., Vallenari, A., Fu, X., Gutierrez Albarrán, M. L., Jiménez-Esteban, F. M., Montes, D., Damiani, F., Bergemann, M., and Worley, C.
Abstract: Context. After more than 50 years, astronomical research still struggles to reconstruct the history of lithium enrichment in the Galaxy and to establish the relative importance of the various 7Li sources in enriching the interstellar medium (ISM) with this fragile element. Aims. To better trace the evolution of lithium in the Milky Way discs, we exploit the unique characteristics of a sample of open clusters (OCs) and field stars for which high-precision 7Li abundances and stellar parameters are homogeneously derived by the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES). Methods. We derive possibly un-depleted 7Li abundances for 26 OCs and star forming regions with ages from young (∼3 Myr) to old (∼4.5 Gyr), spanning a large range of galactocentric distances, 5 < RGC/kpc < 15, which allows us to reconstruct the local late Galactic evolution of lithium as well as its current abundance gradient along the disc. Field stars are added to look further back in time and to constrain 7Li evolution in other Galactic components. The data are then compared to theoretical tracks from chemical evolution models that implement different 7Li forges. Results. Thanks to the homogeneity of the GES analysis, we can combine the maximum average 7Li abundances derived for the clusters with 7Li measurements in field stars. We find that the upper envelope of the 7Li abundances measured in field stars of nearly solar metallicities (−0.3 < [Fe/H]/dex < +0.3) traces very well the level of lithium enrichment attained by the ISM as inferred from observations of cluster stars in the same metallicity range. We confirm previous findings that the abundance of 7Li in the solar neighbourhood does not decrease at super-solar metallicity. The comparison of the data with the chemical evolution model predictions favours a scenario in which the majority of the 7Li abundance in meteorites comes from novae. Current data also seem to suggest that the nova rate flattens out at later times. This requirement might have implic
Published: 2021
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9. Atomic data for the Gaia-ESO Survey

Author: Heiter, Ulrike, Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Asplund, M., Mikolaitis, S., Barklem, Paul, Masseron, T., de Laverny, P., Magrini, L., Edvardsson, Bengt, Jonsson, H., Pickering, J. C., Ryde, N., Aran, A. Bayo, Bensby, T., Casey, A. R., Feltzing, S., Jofre, P., Korn, Andreas, Pancino, E., Damiani, F., Lanzafame, A., Lardo, C., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Smiljanic, R., Worley, C., Zaggia, S., Randich, S., Gilmore, G. F., Heiter, Ulrike, Lind, K., Bergemann, M., Asplund, M., Mikolaitis, S., Barklem, Paul, Masseron, T., de Laverny, P., Magrini, L., Edvardsson, Bengt, Jonsson, H., Pickering, J. C., Ryde, N., Aran, A. Bayo, Bensby, T., Casey, A. R., Feltzing, S., Jofre, P., Korn, Andreas, Pancino, E., Damiani, F., Lanzafame, A., Lardo, C., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Smiljanic, R., Worley, C., Zaggia, S., Randich, S., and Gilmore, G. F.
Abstract: Context. We describe the atomic and molecular data that were used for the abundance analyses of FGK-type stars carried out within the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey in the years 2012 to 2019. The Gaia-ESO Survey is one among several current and future stellar spectroscopic surveys producing abundances for Milky-Way stars on an industrial scale.Aims. We present an unprecedented effort to create a homogeneous common line list, which was used by several abundance analysis groups using different radiative transfer codes to calculate synthetic spectra and equivalent widths. The atomic data are accompanied by quality indicators and detailed references to the sources. The atomic and molecular data are made publicly available at the CDS.Methods. In general, experimental transition probabilities were preferred but theoretical values were also used. Astrophysical gf-values were avoided due to the model-dependence of such a procedure. For elements whose lines are significantly affected by a hyperfine structure or isotopic splitting, a concerted effort has been made to collate the necessary data for the individual line components. Synthetic stellar spectra calculated for the Sun and Arcturus were used to assess the blending properties of the lines. We also performed adetailed investigation of available data for line broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen atoms.Results. Among a subset of over 1300 lines of 35 elements in the wavelength ranges from 475 to 685 nm and from 850 to 895 nm, we identified about 200 lines of 24 species which have accurate gf-values and are free of blends in the spectra of the Sun and Arcturus. For the broadening due to collisions with neutral hydrogen, we recommend data based on Anstee-Barklem-O'Mara theory, where possible. We recommend avoiding lines of neutral species for which these are not available. Theoretical broadening data by R.L. Kurucz should be used for ScII, TiII, and YII lines; additionally, for ionised rare-earth species
Published: 2021
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10. 4MOST : Project overview and information for the First Call for Proposals

Author: de Jong, R. S., Agertz, O., Berbel, A. A., Aird, J., Alexander, D. A., Amarsi, A., Anders, F., Andrae, R., Ansarinejad, B., Ansorge, W., Antilogus, P., Anwand -Heerwart, H., Arentsen, A., Arnadottir, A., Asplund, M., Auger, M., Azais, N., Baade, D., Baker, G., Baker, S., Balbinot, E., Baldry, I. K., Banerji, M., Barden, S., Barklem, Paul, Barthélémy-Mazot, E., Battistini, C., Bauer, S., Bell, C. P. M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Bellstedt, S., Belokurov, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bestenlehner, J. M., Bielby, R., Bilicki, M., Blake, C., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Boeche, C., Boland, W., Boller, T., Bongard, S., Bongiorno, A., Bonifacio, P., Boudon, D., Brooks, D., Brown, M. J. I., Brown, R., Brüggen, M., Brynnel, J., Brzeski, J., Buchert, T., Buschkamp, P., Caffau, E., Caillier, P., Carrick, J., Casagrande, L., Case, S., Casey, A., Cesarini, I., Cescutti, G., Chapuis, D., Chiappini, C., Childress, M., Christlieb, N., Church, R., Cioni, M. -RL., Cluver, M., Colless, M., Collett, T., Comparat, J., Cooper, A., Couch, W., Courbin, F., Croom, S., Croton, D., Daguisé, E., Dalton, G., Davies, L. J. M., Davis, T., de Laverny, P., Deason, A., Dionies, F., Disseau, K., Doel, P., Döscher, D., Driver, S. P., Dwelly, T., Eckert, D., Edge, A., Edvardsson, Bengt, Youssoufi, D. E., Elhaddad, A., Enke, H., Erfanianfar, G., Farrell, T., Fechner, T., Feiz, C., Feltzing, S., Ferreras, I., Feuerstein, D., Feuillet, D., Finoguenov, A., Ford, D., Fotopoulou, S., Fouesneau, M., Frenk, C., Frey, S., Gaessler, W., Geier, S., Fusillo, N. G., Gerhard, O., Giannantonio, T., Giannone, D., Gibson, B., Gillingham, P., González-Fernández, C., Gonzalez-Solares, E., Gottloeber, S., Gould, A., Grebel, E. K., Gueguen, A., Guiglion, G., Haehnelt, M., Hahn, T., Hansen, C. J., Hartman, H., Hauptner, K., Hawkins, K., Haynes, D., Haynes, R., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Aguayo, C. H., Hewett, P., Hinton, S., Hobbs, D., Hoenig, S., Hofman, D., Hook, I., Hopgood, J., Hopkins, A., Hourihane, A., Howes, L., Howlett, C., Huet, T., Irwin, M., Iwert, O., Jablonka, P., Jahn, T., Jahnke, K., Jarno, A., Jin, S., Jofre, P., Johl, D., Jones, D., Jönsson, H., Jordan, C., Karovicova, I., Khalatyan, A., Kelz, A., Kennicutt, R., King, D., Kitaura, F., Klar, J., Klauser, U., Kneib, J. -P, Koch, A., Koposov, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A., Kosmalski, J., Kotak, R., Kovalev, M., Kreckel, K., Kripak, Y., Krumpe, M., Kuijken, K., Kunder, A., Kushniruk, I., Lam, M. I., Lamer, G., Laurent, F., Lawrence, J., Lehmitz, M., Lemasle, B., Lewis, J., Li, B., Lidman, C., Lind, Karin, Liske, J., Lizon, J. -L, Loveday, J., Ludwig, H. -G, McDermid, R. M., Maguire, K., Mainieri, V., Mali, S., Mandel, H., Mandel, K., Mannering, L., Martell, S., Martinez Delgado, D., Matijevic, G., McGregor, H., McMahon, R., McMillan, P., Mena, O., Merloni, A., Meyer, M. J., Michel, C., Micheva, G., Migniau, J. -E, Minchev, I., Monari, G., Muller, R., Murphy, D., Muthukrishna, D., Nandra, K., Navarro, R., Ness, M., Nichani, V., Nichol, R., Nicklas, H., Niederhofer, F., Norberg, P., Obreschkow, D., Oliver, S., Owers, M., Pai, N., Pankratow, S., Parkinson, D., Paschke, J., Paterson, R., Pecontal, A., Parry, I., Phillips, D., Pillepich, A., Pinard, L., Pirard, J., Piskunov, N., Plank, V., Plüschke, D., Pons, E., Popesso, P., Power, C., Pragt, J., Pramskiy, A., Pryer, D., Quattri, M., Queiroz, A. B. d. A., Quirrenbach, A., Rahurkar, S., Raichoor, A., Ramstedt, S., Rau, A., Recio-Blanco, A., Reiss, R., Renaud, F., Revaz, Y., Rhode, P., Richard, J., Richter, A. D., Rix, H. -W, Robotham, A. S. G., Roelfsema, R., Romaniello, M., Rosario, D., Rothmaier, F., Roukema, B., Ruchti, G., Rupprecht, G., Rybizki, J., Ryde, N., Saar, A., Sadler, E., Sahlén, Martin, Salvato, M., Sassolas, B., Saunders, W., Saviauk, A., Sbordone, L., Schmidt, T., Schnurr, O., Scholz, R. -D, Schwope, A., Seifert, W., Shanks, T., Sheinis, A., Sivov, T., Skúladóttir, Á., Smartt, S., Smedley, S., Smith, G., Smith, R., Sorce, J., Spitler, L., Starkenburg, E., Steinmetz, M., Stilz, I., Storm, J., Sullivan, M., Sutherland, W., Swann, E., Tamone, A., Taylor, E. N., Teillon, J., Tempel, E., ter Horst, R., Thi, W. -F, Tolstoy, E., Trager, S., Traven, G., Tremblay, P. -E, Tresse, L., Valentini, M., van de Weygaert, R., van den Ancker, M., Veljanoski, J., Venkatesan, S., Wagner, L., Wagner, K., Walcher, C. J., Waller, L., Walton, N., Wang, L., Winkler, R., Wisotzki, L., Worley, C. C., Worseck, G., Xiang, M., Xu, W., Yong, D., Zhao, C., Zheng, J., Zscheyge, F., Zucker, D., de Jong, R. S., Agertz, O., Berbel, A. A., Aird, J., Alexander, D. A., Amarsi, A., Anders, F., Andrae, R., Ansarinejad, B., Ansorge, W., Antilogus, P., Anwand -Heerwart, H., Arentsen, A., Arnadottir, A., Asplund, M., Auger, M., Azais, N., Baade, D., Baker, G., Baker, S., Balbinot, E., Baldry, I. K., Banerji, M., Barden, S., Barklem, Paul, Barthélémy-Mazot, E., Battistini, C., Bauer, S., Bell, C. P. M., Bellido-Tirado, O., Bellstedt, S., Belokurov, V., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bestenlehner, J. M., Bielby, R., Bilicki, M., Blake, C., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Boeche, C., Boland, W., Boller, T., Bongard, S., Bongiorno, A., Bonifacio, P., Boudon, D., Brooks, D., Brown, M. J. I., Brown, R., Brüggen, M., Brynnel, J., Brzeski, J., Buchert, T., Buschkamp, P., Caffau, E., Caillier, P., Carrick, J., Casagrande, L., Case, S., Casey, A., Cesarini, I., Cescutti, G., Chapuis, D., Chiappini, C., Childress, M., Christlieb, N., Church, R., Cioni, M. -RL., Cluver, M., Colless, M., Collett, T., Comparat, J., Cooper, A., Couch, W., Courbin, F., Croom, S., Croton, D., Daguisé, E., Dalton, G., Davies, L. J. M., Davis, T., de Laverny, P., Deason, A., Dionies, F., Disseau, K., Doel, P., Döscher, D., Driver, S. P., Dwelly, T., Eckert, D., Edge, A., Edvardsson, Bengt, Youssoufi, D. E., Elhaddad, A., Enke, H., Erfanianfar, G., Farrell, T., Fechner, T., Feiz, C., Feltzing, S., Ferreras, I., Feuerstein, D., Feuillet, D., Finoguenov, A., Ford, D., Fotopoulou, S., Fouesneau, M., Frenk, C., Frey, S., Gaessler, W., Geier, S., Fusillo, N. G., Gerhard, O., Giannantonio, T., Giannone, D., Gibson, B., Gillingham, P., González-Fernández, C., Gonzalez-Solares, E., Gottloeber, S., Gould, A., Grebel, E. K., Gueguen, A., Guiglion, G., Haehnelt, M., Hahn, T., Hansen, C. J., Hartman, H., Hauptner, K., Hawkins, K., Haynes, D., Haynes, R., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Aguayo, C. H., Hewett, P., Hinton, S., Hobbs, D., Hoenig, S., Hofman, D., Hook, I., Hopgood, J., Hopkins, A., Hourihane, A., Howes, L., Howlett, C., Huet, T., Irwin, M., Iwert, O., Jablonka, P., Jahn, T., Jahnke, K., Jarno, A., Jin, S., Jofre, P., Johl, D., Jones, D., Jönsson, H., Jordan, C., Karovicova, I., Khalatyan, A., Kelz, A., Kennicutt, R., King, D., Kitaura, F., Klar, J., Klauser, U., Kneib, J. -P, Koch, A., Koposov, S., Kordopatis, G., Korn, A., Kosmalski, J., Kotak, R., Kovalev, M., Kreckel, K., Kripak, Y., Krumpe, M., Kuijken, K., Kunder, A., Kushniruk, I., Lam, M. I., Lamer, G., Laurent, F., Lawrence, J., Lehmitz, M., Lemasle, B., Lewis, J., Li, B., Lidman, C., Lind, Karin, Liske, J., Lizon, J. -L, Loveday, J., Ludwig, H. -G, McDermid, R. M., Maguire, K., Mainieri, V., Mali, S., Mandel, H., Mandel, K., Mannering, L., Martell, S., Martinez Delgado, D., Matijevic, G., McGregor, H., McMahon, R., McMillan, P., Mena, O., Merloni, A., Meyer, M. J., Michel, C., Micheva, G., Migniau, J. -E, Minchev, I., Monari, G., Muller, R., Murphy, D., Muthukrishna, D., Nandra, K., Navarro, R., Ness, M., Nichani, V., Nichol, R., Nicklas, H., Niederhofer, F., Norberg, P., Obreschkow, D., Oliver, S., Owers, M., Pai, N., Pankratow, S., Parkinson, D., Paschke, J., Paterson, R., Pecontal, A., Parry, I., Phillips, D., Pillepich, A., Pinard, L., Pirard, J., Piskunov, N., Plank, V., Plüschke, D., Pons, E., Popesso, P., Power, C., Pragt, J., Pramskiy, A., Pryer, D., Quattri, M., Queiroz, A. B. d. A., Quirrenbach, A., Rahurkar, S., Raichoor, A., Ramstedt, S., Rau, A., Recio-Blanco, A., Reiss, R., Renaud, F., Revaz, Y., Rhode, P., Richard, J., Richter, A. D., Rix, H. -W, Robotham, A. S. G., Roelfsema, R., Romaniello, M., Rosario, D., Rothmaier, F., Roukema, B., Ruchti, G., Rupprecht, G., Rybizki, J., Ryde, N., Saar, A., Sadler, E., Sahlén, Martin, Salvato, M., Sassolas, B., Saunders, W., Saviauk, A., Sbordone, L., Schmidt, T., Schnurr, O., Scholz, R. -D, Schwope, A., Seifert, W., Shanks, T., Sheinis, A., Sivov, T., Skúladóttir, Á., Smartt, S., Smedley, S., Smith, G., Smith, R., Sorce, J., Spitler, L., Starkenburg, E., Steinmetz, M., Stilz, I., Storm, J., Sullivan, M., Sutherland, W., Swann, E., Tamone, A., Taylor, E. N., Teillon, J., Tempel, E., ter Horst, R., Thi, W. -F, Tolstoy, E., Trager, S., Traven, G., Tremblay, P. -E, Tresse, L., Valentini, M., van de Weygaert, R., van den Ancker, M., Veljanoski, J., Venkatesan, S., Wagner, L., Wagner, K., Walcher, C. J., Waller, L., Walton, N., Wang, L., Winkler, R., Wisotzki, L., Worley, C. C., Worseck, G., Xiang, M., Xu, W., Yong, D., Zhao, C., Zheng, J., Zscheyge, F., and Zucker, D.
Published: 2019
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11. Gaia Data Release 2 : Observations of solar system objects

Author: Collaboration, G., Spoto, F., Tanga, P., Mignard, F., Berthier, J., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Dell'Oro, A., Hestroffer, D., Muinonen, K., Pauwels, T., Petit, J., David, P., De Angeli, F., Delbo, M., Frézouls, B., Galluccio, L., Granvik, M., Guiraud, J., Hernández, J., Ordénovic, C., Portell, J., Poujoulet, E., Thuillot, W., Walmsley, G., Brown, A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C., Biermann, M., Evans, D., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castañeda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Riello, M., Seabroke, G., Thévenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Ducourant, C., Fernández-Hernández, J., Fouesneau, M., Frémat, Y., García-Torres, M., González-Núñez, J., González-Vidal, J., Gosset, E., Guy, L., Halbwachs, J., Hambly, N., Harrison, D., Hodgkin, S., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, A., Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A., Lebzelter, T., Lö, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P., Martín-Fleitas, J., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A., Sarro, L., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Süveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Álvarez, M., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R., Andrei, A., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T., Bach, N., Baker, S., Balaguer-Núñez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, P., Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M., Bartholomé Muñoz, L., Bassilana, J., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienaymé, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Brüsemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delgado, H., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Durán, J., Edvardsson, B., Enke, H., Eriksson, K., Esquej, P., Eynard Bontemps, G., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcão, A., Farràs Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., García-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, A., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Gutié, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, U., Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janßen, K., Jevardat de Fombelle, G., Jonker, P., Juhász, Á., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J., Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrøm, H., Lister, T., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., López, M., Managau, S., Mann, R., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalkó, G., Marshall, D., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevič, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnár, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordóñez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A., Pineau, F., Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prša, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reylé, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gómez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sagristà Sellés, T., Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J., Ségransan, D., Shih, I., Siltala, L., Silva, A., Smart, R., Smith, K., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Stampa, U., Steele, I., Steidelmüller, H., Stephenson, C., Stoev, H., Suess, F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, Ł., Yoldas, A., Žerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Universidad de Cantabria, Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Ephémérides (IMCCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Lille-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (OATo), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Geneva Observatory, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut de Ciènces del Cosmos (ICC), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zentrum für astronomie, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Departament de Geodinamica i Geofısica, Facultat de Geologia, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes de Référence Temps Espace (SYRTE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre 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pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Astronomy, ITA, GBR, FRA, DEU, ESP, BEL, Pomies, Marie-Paule, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gaia Collaboration
Subjects: Solar System, Brightness, instruments [space vehicles], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Astronomy, ASTEROIDS, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, law.invention, astrometry, minor planets, asteroids: general, methods: data analysis, space vehicles, instruments, astrophysics, earth and planetary astrophysics, astrophysics - instrumentation and methods for astrophysics, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, law, Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, INVERSION, Space vehicles: instruments, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Physics, 520 Astronomy, Astrometry, SCIENCE, Asteroids, Data processing, Asteroid, ASTROMETRIA, Physical Sciences, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Système solaire, general [minor planets, asteroids], Asteroides, space vehicles: instruments, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Photometry (optics), [SDU.ASTR.IM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Apparent magnitude, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Methods: data analysis, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], PHOTOMETRY, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysique, Minor planet, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Photometer, Astronomie, 115 Astronomy, Space science, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], general [asteroids], Space and Planetary Science, Minor planets, asteroids: general, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Processament de dades
Abstract: Context. The Gaia spacecraft of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been securing observations of solar system objects (SSOs) since the beginning of its operations. Data Release 2 (DR2) contains the observations of a selected sample of 14,099 SSOs. These asteroids have been already identified and have been numbered by the Minor Planet Center repository. Positions are provided for each Gaia observation at CCD level. As additional information, complementary to astrometry, the apparent brightness of SSOs in the unfiltered G band is also provided for selected observations. Aims. We explain the processing of SSO data, and describe the criteria we used to select the sample published in Gaia DR2. We then explore the data set to assess its quality. Methods. To exploit the main data product for the solar system in Gaia DR2, which is the epoch astrometry of asteroids, it is necessary to take into account the unusual properties of the uncertainty, as the position information is nearly one-dimensional. When this aspect is handled appropriately, an orbit fit can be obtained with post-fit residuals that are overall consistent with the a-priori error model that was used to define individual values of the astrometric uncertainty. The role of both random and systematic errors is described. The distribution of residuals allowed us to identify possible contaminants in the data set (such as stars). Photometry in the G band was compared to computed values from reference asteroid shapes and to the flux registered at the corresponding epochs by the red and blue photometers (RP and BP). Results. The overall astrometric performance is close to the expectations, with an optimal range of brightness G ∼ 12 - 17. In this range, the typical transit-level accuracy is well below 1 mas. For fainter asteroids, the growing photon noise deteriorates the performance. Asteroids brighter than G ∼ 12 are affected by a lower performance of the processing of their signals. The dramatic improvement brought by Gaia DR2 astrometry of SSOs is demonstrated by comparisons to the archive data and by preliminary tests on the detection of subtle non-gravitational effects., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2018
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12. Gaia Data Release 2 Kinematics of globular clusters and dwarf galaxies around the Milky Way

Author: Helmi, A., van Leeuwen, F., McMillan, P. J., Massari, D., Antoja, T., Robin, A. C., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Breddels, M. A., Hobbs, D., Jordi, C., Pancino, E., Reyle, C., Veljanoski, J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernandez, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Heiter, Ulrike, Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevems, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Helmi, A., van Leeuwen, F., McMillan, P. J., Massari, D., Antoja, T., Robin, A. C., Lindegren, L., Bastian, U., Arenou, F., Babusiaux, C., Biermann, M., Breddels, M. A., Hobbs, D., Jordi, C., Pancino, E., Reyle, C., Veljanoski, J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernandez, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Heiter, Ulrike, Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevems, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Aims The goal of this paper is to demonstrate the outstanding quality of the second data release of the Gaia mission and its power for constraining many different aspects of the dynamics of the satellites of the Milky Way. We focus here on determining the proper motions of 75 Galactic globular clusters, nine dwarf spheroidal galaxies, one ultra-faint system, and the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Methods Using data extracted from the Gaia archive, we derived the proper motions and parallaxes for these systems, as well as their uncertainties. We demonstrate that the errors, statistical and systematic, are relatively well understood. We integrated the orbits of these objects in three different Galactic potentials, and characterised their properties. We present the derived proper motions, space velocities, and characteristic orbital parameters in various tables to facilitate their use by the astronomical community. Results Our limited and straightforward analyses have allowed us for example to (i) determine absolute and very precise proper motions for globular clusters; (ii) detect clear rotation signatures in the proper motions of at least five globular clusters; (iii) show that the satellites of the Milky Way are all on high-inclination orbits, but that they do not share a single plane of motion; (i v) derive a lower limit for the mass of the Milky Way of 9.1(-2.6)(+6.2) x 10(11) M-circle dot based on the assumption that the Leo I dwarf spheroidal is bound; (v) derive a rotation curve for the Large Magellanic Cloud based solely on proper motions that is competitive with line-of-sight velocity curves, now using many orders of magnitude more sources; and (v i) unveil the dynamical effect of the bar on the motions of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Conclusions All these results highlight the incredible power of the Gaia astrometric mission, and in particular of its second data release., Correction in: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume: 637, Article Number: C3, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201832698e.Correction in: Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume: 643, Article Number: C1, DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039217.
Published: 2018
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13. Gaia Data Release 2 The celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF2)

Author: Mignard, F., Klioner, S. A., Lindegren, L., Hernandez, J., Bastian, U., Bombrun, A., Hobbs, D., Lammers, U., Michalik, D., Ramos-Lerate, M., Biermann, M., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Geyer, R., Hilger, T., Siddiqui, H. I., Steidelmueller, H., Babusiaux, C., Barache, C., Lambert, S., Andrei, A. H., Bourda, G., Charlot, P., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I. -C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Mignard, F., Klioner, S. A., Lindegren, L., Hernandez, J., Bastian, U., Bombrun, A., Hobbs, D., Lammers, U., Michalik, D., Ramos-Lerate, M., Biermann, M., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Geyer, R., Hilger, T., Siddiqui, H. I., Steidelmueller, H., Babusiaux, C., Barache, C., Lambert, S., Andrei, A. H., Bourda, G., Charlot, P., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I. -C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context: The second release of Gaia data (Gaia DR2) contains the astrometric parameters for more than half a million quasars. This set defines a kinematically non-rotating reference frame in the optical domain. A subset of these quasars have accurate VLBI positions that allow the axes of the reference frame to be aligned with the International Celestial Reference System (ICRF) radio frame. Aims: We describe the astrometric and photometric properties of the quasars that were selected to represent the celestial reference frame of Gaia DR2 (Gaia-CRF2), and to compare the optical and radio positions for sources with accurate VLBI positions. Methods: Descriptive statistics are used to characterise the overall properties of the quasar sample. Residual rotation and orientation errors and large-scale systematics are quantified by means of expansions in vector spherical harmonics. Positional differences are calculated relative to a prototype version of the forthcoming ICRF3. Results: Gaia-CRF2 consists of the positions of a sample of 556 869 sources in Gaia DR2, obtained from a positional cross-match with the ICRF3-prototype and AllWISE AGN catalogues. The sample constitutes a clean, dense, and homogeneous set of extragalactic point sources in the magnitude range G similar or equal to 16 to 21 mag with accurately known optical positions. The median positional uncertainty is 0.12 mas for G < 18 mag and 0.5 mas at G = 20 mag. Large-scale systematics are estimated to be in the range 20 to 30 mu as. The accuracy claims are supported by the parallaxes and proper motions of the quasars in Gaia DR2. The optical positions for a subset of 2820 sources in common with the ICRF3-prototype show very good overall agreement with the radio positions, but several tens of sources have significantly discrepant positions. Conclusions: Based on less than 40% of the data expected from the nominal Gaia mission, Gaia-CRF2 is the first realisation of a non-rotating global optical reference frame
Published: 2018
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14. Gaia Data Release 2 : Observations of solar system objects

Author: Spoto, F., Tanga, P., Mignard, F., Berthier, J., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Dell'Oro, A., Hestroffer, D., Muinonen, K., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, David, P., De Angeli, F., Delbo, M., Frezouls, B., Galluccio, L., Granvik, M., Guiraud, J., Hernandez, J., Ordenovic, C., Portell, J., Poujoulet, E., Thuillot, W., Walmsley, G., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Spoto, F., Tanga, P., Mignard, F., Berthier, J., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Dell'Oro, A., Hestroffer, D., Muinonen, K., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, David, P., De Angeli, F., Delbo, M., Frezouls, B., Galluccio, L., Granvik, M., Guiraud, J., Hernandez, J., Ordenovic, C., Portell, J., Poujoulet, E., Thuillot, W., Walmsley, G., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context: The Gaia spacecraft of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been securing observations of solar system objects (SSOs) since the beginning of its operations. Data Release 2 (DR2) contains the observations of a selected sample of 14,099 SSOs. These asteroids have been already identified and have been numbered by the Minor Planet Center repository. Positions are provided for each Gaia observation at CCD level. As additional information, complementary to astrometry, the apparent brightness of SSOs in the unfiltered G band is also provided for selected observations. Aims: We explain the processing of SSO data, and describe the criteria we used to select the sample published in Gaia DR2. We then explore the data set to assess its quality. Methods: To exploit the main data product for the solar system in Gaia DR2, which is the epoch astrometry of asteroids, it is necessary to take into account the unusual properties of the uncertainty, as the position information is nearly one-dimensional. When this aspect is handled appropriately, an orbit fit can be obtained with post-fit residuals that are overall consistent with the a-priori error model that was used to define individual values of the astrometric uncertainty. The role of both random and systematic errors is described. The distribution of residuals allowed us to identify possible contaminants in the data set (such as stars). Photometry in the G band was compared to computed values from reference asteroid shapes and to the flux registered at the corresponding epochs by the red and blue photometers (RP and BP). Results: The overall astrometric performance is close to the expectations, with an optimal range of brightness G similar to 12 - 17. In this range, the typical transit-level accuracy is well below 1 mas. For fainter asteroids, the growing photon noise deteriorates the performance. Asteroids brighter than G similar to 12 are affected by a lower performance of the processing of their signals. The dramatic imp
Published: 2018
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15. Observational Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams

Author: Babusiaux, C., van Leeuwen, F., Barstow, M. A., Jordi, C., Vallenari, A., Bossini, D., Bressan, A., Cantat-Gaudin, T., van Leeuwen, M., Brown, A. G. A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernandez, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertones, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Casas, M. Farras, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., Jevardat de Fombelle, G., Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sagrista Selles, T., Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Clotet, F. Torra, Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Babusiaux, C., van Leeuwen, F., Barstow, M. A., Jordi, C., Vallenari, A., Bossini, D., Bressan, A., Cantat-Gaudin, T., van Leeuwen, M., Brown, A. G. A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernandez, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertones, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Casas, M. Farras, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., Jevardat de Fombelle, G., Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sagrista Selles, T., Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Clotet, F. Torra, Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context. Gaia Data Release 2 provides high-precision astrometry and three-band photometry for about 1.3 billion sources over the full sky. The precision, accuracy, and homogeneity of both astrometry and photometry are unprecedented. Aims. We highlight the power of the Gaia DR2 in studying many fine structures of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (HRD). Gaia allows us to present many different HRDs, depending in particular on stellar population selections. We do not aim here for completeness in terms of types of stars or stellar evolutionary aspects. Instead, we have chosen several illustrative examples. Methods. We describe some of the selections that can be made in Gaia DR2 to highlight the main structures of the Gaia HRDs. We select both field and cluster (open and globular) stars, compare the observations with previous classifications and with stellar evolutionary tracks, and we present variations of the Gaia HRD with age, metallicity, and kinematics. Late stages of stellar evolution such as hot subdwarfs, post-AGB stars, planetary nebulae, and white dwarfs are also analysed, as well as low-mass brown dwarf objects. Results. The Gaia HRDs are unprecedented in both precision and coverage of the various Milky Way stellar populations and stellar evolutionary phases. Many fine structures of the HRDs are presented. The clear split of the white dwarf sequence into hydrogen and helium white dwarfs is presented for the first time in an HRD. The relation between kinematics and the HRD is nicely illustrated. Two different populations in a classical kinematic selection of the halo are unambiguously identified in the HRD. Membership and mean parameters for a selected list of open clusters are provided. They allow drawing very detailed cluster sequences, highlighting fine structures, and providing extremely precise empirical isochrones that will lead to more insight in stellar physics. Conclusions. Gaia DR2 demonstrates the potential of combining precise astrometry and photomet
Published: 2018
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16. Gaia Data Release 2 Summary of the contents and survey properties

Author: Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernandez, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Eynard Bontemps, G., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., Jevardat de Fombelle, G., Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sagrista Selles, T., Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernandez, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Eynard Bontemps, G., Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., Jevardat de Fombelle, G., Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poggio, E., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Sagrista Selles, T., Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context. We present the second Gaia data release, Gaia DR2, consisting of astrometry, photometry, radial velocities, and information on astrophysical parameters and variability, for sources brighter than magnitude 21. In addition epoch astrometry and photometry are provided for a modest sample of minor planets in the solar system. Aims. A summary of the contents of Gaia DR2 is presented, accompanied by a discussion on the differences with respect to Gaia DR1 and an overview of the main limitations which are still present in the survey. Recommendations are made on the responsible use of Gaia DR2 results. Methods. The raw data collected with the Gaia instruments during the first 22 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into this second data release, which represents a major advance with respect to Gaia DR1 in terms of completeness, performance, and richness of the data products. Results. Gaia DR2 contains celestial positions and the apparent brightness in G for approximately 1.7 billion sources. For 1.3 billion of those sources, parallaxes and proper motions are in addition available. The sample of sources for which variability information is provided is expanded to 0 : 5 million stars. This data release contains four new elements: broad-band colour information in the form of the apparent brightness in the G(BP) (330-680 nm) and G(RP) (630-1050 nm) bands is available for 1.4 billion sources; median radial velocities for some 7 million sources are presented; for between 77 and 161 million sources estimates are provided of the stellar effective temperature, extinction, reddening, and radius and luminosity; and for a pre-selected list of 14 000 minor planets in the solar system epoch astrometry and photometry are presented. Finally, Gaia DR2 also represents a new materialisation of the celestial reference frame in the optical, the Gaia-CRF2, which is the first optical reference frame based solely o
Published: 2018
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17. Gaia Data Release 2 Mapping the Milky Way disc kinematics

Author: Katz, D., Antoja, T., Romero-Gomez, M., Drimmel, R., Reyle, C., Seabroke, G. M., Soubiran, C., Babusiaux, C., Di Matteo, P., Figueras, F., Poggio, E., Robin, A. C., Evans, D. W., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernandez, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Katz, D., Antoja, T., Romero-Gomez, M., Drimmel, R., Reyle, C., Seabroke, G. M., Soubiran, C., Babusiaux, C., Di Matteo, P., Figueras, F., Poggio, E., Robin, A. C., Evans, D. W., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Biermann, M., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Arenou, F., Bastian, U., Cropper, M., Lattanzi, M. G., Bakker, J., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Holl, B., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Riello, M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Teyssier, D., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Audard, M., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Burgess, P., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Clotet, M., Creevey, O., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fouesneau, M., Fremat, Y., Galluccio, L., Garcia-Torres, M., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Gosset, E., Guy, L. P., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hernandez, J., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Jordan, S., Korn, Andreas, Krone-Martins, A., Lanzafame, A. C., Lebzelter, T., Loeffler, W., Manteiga, M., Marrese, P. M., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Moitinho, A., Mora, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Richards, P. J., Rimoldini, L., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Sozzetti, A., Sueveges, M., Torra, J., van Reeven, W., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aerts, C., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alvarez, R., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Arcay, B., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Balm, P., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbato, D., Barblan, F., Barklem, Paul, Barrado, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Bartholome Munoz, S., Bassilana, J. -L, Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Berihuete, A., Bertone, S., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Boeche, C., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bossini, D., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Bramante, L., Breddels, M. A., Bressan, A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Brugaletta, E., Bucciarelli, B., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Butkevich, A. G., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cancelliere, R., Cannizzaro, G., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carballo, R., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Casamiquela, L., Castellani, M., Castro-Ginard, A., Charlot, P., Chemin, L., Chiavassa, A., Cocozza, G., Costigan, G., Cowell, S., Crifo, F., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Cuypers, J., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., de Torres, A., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Diakite, S., Diener, C., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Eriksson, Kjell, Esquej, P., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernique, P., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Frezouls, B., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavel, Alvin, Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Giacobbe, P., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Glass, F., Gomes, M., Granvik, M., Gueguen, A., Guerrier, A., Guiraud, J., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Hauser, M., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Heu, J., Hilger, T., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holland, G., Huckle, H. E., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Janssen, K., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jonker, P. G., Juhasz, A. L., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kewley, A., Klar, J., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, M., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Kostrzewa-Rutkowska, Z., Koubsky, P., Lambert, S., Lanza, A. F., Lasne, Y., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Fustec, Y., Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Lopez, M., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martino, M., Marton, G., Mary, N., Massari, D., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molnar, L., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., O'Mullane, W., Ordenovic, C., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Panahi, A., Pawlak, M., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Racero, E., Ragaini, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Regibo, S., Riclet, F., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rivard, A., Rixon, G., Roegiers, T., Roelens, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sanna, N., Santana-Ros, T., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Siltala, L., Silva, A. F., Smart, R. L., Smith, K. W., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Teyssandier, P., Thuillot, W., Titarenko, A., Torra Clotet, F., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Uzzi, S., Vaillant, M., Valentini, G., Valette, V., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Vaschetto, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Viala, Y., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., von Essen, C., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Wertz, O., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Ziaeepour, H., Zorec, J., Zschocke, S., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., and Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context. The second Gaia data release (Gaia DR2) contains high-precision positions, parallaxes, and proper motions for 1.3 billion sources as well as line-of-sight velocities for 7.2 million stars brighter than G(RVS) = 12 mag. Both samples provide a full sky coverage. Aims. To illustrate the potential of Gaia DR2, we provide a first look at the kinematics of the Milky Way disc, within a radius of several kiloparsecs around the Sun. Methods. We benefit for the first time from a sample of 6.4 million F-G-K stars with full 6D phase-space coordinates, precise parallaxes (sigma((omega) over bar)/(omega) over bar <= 20%), and precise Galactic cylindrical velocities (median uncertainties of 0.9-1.4 km s(-1) and 20% of the stars with uncertainties smaller than 1 km s(-1) on all three components). From this sample, we extracted a sub-sample of 3.2 million giant stars to map the velocity field of the Galactic disc from similar to 5 kpc to similar to 13 kpc from the Galactic centre and up to 2 kpc above and below the plane. We also study the distribution of 0.3 million solar neighbourhood stars (r < 200 pc), with median velocity uncertainties of 0.4 km s(-1), in velocity space and use the full sample to examine how the over-densities evolve in more distant regions. Results. Gaia DR2 allows us to draw 3D maps of the Galactocentric median velocities and velocity dispersions with unprecedented accuracy, precision, and spatial resolution. The maps show the complexity and richness of the velocity field of the galactic disc. We observe streaming motions in all the components of the velocities as well as patterns in the velocity dispersions. For example, we confirm the previously reported negative and positive galactocentric radial velocity gradients in the inner and outer disc, respectively. Here, we see them as part of a non-axisymmetric kinematic oscillation, and we map its azimuthal and vertical behaviour. We also witness a new global arrangement of stars in the velocity p
Published: 2018
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18. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Churning through the Milky Way

Author: Hayden, M. R., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Mikolaitis, S., Guiglion, G., Hill, V., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Bayo, A., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Casey, A., Costado, M., Feltzing, S., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Koposov, S., Kordopatis, G., Lanzafame, A., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Pancino, E., Sacco, G., Stonkute, E., Worley, C. C., Zwitter, T., Hayden, M. R., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Mikolaitis, S., Guiglion, G., Hill, V., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Bayo, A., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Bragaglia, A., Casey, A., Costado, M., Feltzing, S., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Koposov, S., Kordopatis, G., Lanzafame, A., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Pancino, E., Sacco, G., Stonkute, E., Worley, C. C., and Zwitter, T.
Abstract: Context: There have been conflicting results with respect to the extent that radial migration has played in the evolution of the Galaxy. Additionally, observations of the solar neighborhood have shown evidence of a merger in the past history of the Milky Way that drives enhanced radial migration. Aims: We attempt to determine the relative fraction of stars that have undergone significant radial migration by studying the orbital properties of metal-rich ([Fe/H] > 0.1) stars within 2 kpc of the Sun. We also aim to investigate the kinematic properties, such as velocity dispersion and orbital parameters, of stellar populations near the Sun as a function of [Mg/Fe] and [Fe/H], which could show evidence of a major merger in the past history of the Milky Way. Methods: We used a sample of more than 3000 stars selected from the fourth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO Survey. We used the stellar parameters from the Gaia-ESO Survey along with proper motions from PPMXL to determine distances, kinematics, and orbital properties for these stars to analyze the chemodynamic properties of stellar populations near the Sun. Results: Analyzing the kinematics of the most metal-rich stars ([Fe/H] > 0 : 1), we find that more than half have small eccentricities (e < 0 : 2) or are on nearly circular orbits. Slightly more than 20% of the metal-rich stars have perigalacticons R-p > 7 kpc. We find that the highest [Mg/ Fe], metal-poor populations have lower vertical and radial velocity dispersions compared to lower [Mg/Fe] populations of similar metallicity by similar to 10 km s(-1). The median eccentricity increases linearly with [Mg/Fe] across all metallicities, while the perigalacticon decreases with increasing [Mg/Fe] for all metallicities. Finally, the most [Mg/Fe]-rich stars are found to have significant asymmetric drift and rotate more than 40 km s(-1) slower than stars with lower [Mg/Fe] ratios. Conclusions: While our results cannot constrain how far stars have migrate
Published: 2018
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19. The Gaia-ESO Survey : properties of newly discovered Li-rich giants

Author: Smiljanic, R., Franciosini, E., Bragaglia, A., Tautvaisiene, G., Fu, X., Pancino, E., Adibekyan, V., Sousa, S. G., Randich, S., Montalban, J., Pasquini, L., Magrini, L., Drazdauskas, A., Garcia, R. A., Mathur, S., Mosser, B., Regulo, C., Peralta, R. de Assis, Hekker, S., Feuillet, D., Valentini, M., Morel, T., Martell, S., Gilmore, G., Feltzing, S., Vallenari, A., Bensby, T., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Frasca, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Lind, Karin, Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Zaggia, S., Smiljanic, R., Franciosini, E., Bragaglia, A., Tautvaisiene, G., Fu, X., Pancino, E., Adibekyan, V., Sousa, S. G., Randich, S., Montalban, J., Pasquini, L., Magrini, L., Drazdauskas, A., Garcia, R. A., Mathur, S., Mosser, B., Regulo, C., Peralta, R. de Assis, Hekker, S., Feuillet, D., Valentini, M., Morel, T., Martell, S., Gilmore, G., Feltzing, S., Vallenari, A., Bensby, T., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Frasca, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Lind, Karin, Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Aims. We report 20 new lithium-rich giants discovered within the Gaia-ESO Survey, including the first Li-rich giant with an evolutionary stage confirmed by CoRoT (Convection, Rotation and planetary Transits) data. We present a detailed overview of the properties of these 20 stars. Methods. Atmospheric parameters and abundances were derived in model atmosphere analyses using medium-resolution GIRAFFE or high-resolution UVES (Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph) spectra. These results are part of the fifth internal data release of the Gaia-ESO Survey. The Li abundances were corrected for non-local thermodynamical equilibrium effects. Other stellar properties were investigated for additional peculiarities (the core of strong lines for signs of magnetic activity, infrared magnitudes, rotational velocities, chemical abundances, and Galactic velocities). We used Gaia DR2 parallaxes to estimate distances and luminosities. Results. The giants have A(Li) > 2.2 dex. The majority of them (14 of 20 stars) are in the CoRoT fields. Four giants are located in the field of three open clusters, but are not members. Two giants were observed in fields towards the Galactic bulge, but likely lie in the inner disc. One of the bulge field giants is super Li-rich with A(Li) = 4.0 dex. Conclusions. We identified one giant with infrared excess at 22 mu m. Two other giants, with large v sin i, might be Li-rich because of planet engulfment. Another giant is found to be barium enhanced and thus could have accreted material from a former asymptotic giant branch companion. Otherwise, in addition to the Li enrichment, the evolutionary stages are the only other connection between these new Li-rich giants. The CoRoT data confirm that one Li-rich giant is at the core-He burning stage. The other giants are concentrated in close proximity to the red giant branch luminosity bump, the core-He burning stages, or the early-asymptotic giant branch. This is very clear from the Gaia-based luminosit
Published: 2018
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20. The Gaia-ESO Survey Mg-Al anti-correlation in iDR4 globular clusters

Author: Pancino, E., Romano, D., Tang, B., Tautvaisiene, G., Casey, A. R., Gruyters, P., Geisler, D., San Roman, I., Randich, S., Alfaro, E. J., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Korn, Andreas, Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Carraro, G., Bayo, A., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Villanova, S., Pancino, E., Romano, D., Tang, B., Tautvaisiene, G., Casey, A. R., Gruyters, P., Geisler, D., San Roman, I., Randich, S., Alfaro, E. J., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Korn, Andreas, Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Carraro, G., Bayo, A., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., and Villanova, S.
Abstract: We use Gaia-ESO (GES) Survey iDR4 data to explore the Mg-Alanti-correlation in globular clusters that were observed as calibrators, as a demonstration of the quality of Gaia-ESO Survey data and analysis. The results compare well with the available literature, within 0.1 dex or less, after a small (compared to the internal spreads) off set between the UVES and GIRAFFE data of 0.10-0.15 dex was taken into account. In particular, for the first time we present data for NGC 5927, which is one of the most metal-rich globular clusters studied in the literature so far with [Fe/H] = -0.39 +/- 0.04 dex; this cluster was included to connect with the open cluster regime in the Gaia-ESO Survey internal calibration. The extent and shape of the Mg-Al anti-correlation provide strong constraints on the multiple population phenomenon in globular clusters. In particular, we studied the dependency of the Mg-Al anti-correlation extension with metallicity, present-day mass, and age of the clusters, using GES data in combination with a large set of homogenized literature measurements. We find a dependency with both metallicity and mass, which is evident when fitting for the two parameters simultaneously, but we do not find significant dependency with age. We confirm that the Mg-Al anti-correlation is not seen in all clusters, but disappears for the less massive or most metal-rich clusters. We also use our data set to see whether a normal anti-correlation would explain the low [Mg/ff] observed in some extragalactic globular clusters, but find that none of the clusters in our sample can reproduce it; a more extreme chemical composition, such as that of NGC 2419, would be required. We conclude that GES iDR4 data already meet the requirements set by the main survey goals and can be used to study globular clusters in detail, even if the analysis procedures were not specifically designed for them.
Published: 2017
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21. Testing parallaxes with local Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars

Author: Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Hog, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Anders J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antojal, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bello Garcia, A., Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Magalhaes Fernandes, T., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marsha, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Monicz, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteint, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Olias Sanz, A., Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Serraller Vizcaino, I., Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Clementini, G., Eyer, L., Ripepi, V., Marconi, M., Muraveva, T., Garofalo, A., Sarro, L. M., Palmer, M., Luri, X., Molinaro, R., Rimoldini, L., Szabados, L., Musella, I., Anderson, R. I., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Mignard, F., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Hog, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Anders J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Abreu Aramburu, A., Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Andrei, A. H., Anglada Varela, E., Antiche, E., Antojal, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bello Garcia, A., Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Magalhaes Fernandes, T., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marsha, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Monicz, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I-C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Soria Nieto, S., Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernsteint, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, O'Flaherty, K. S., Ocvirk, P., Olias Sanz, A., Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Serraller Vizcaino, I., Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Context. Parallaxes for 331 classical Cepheids, 31 Type II Cepheids, and 364 RR Lyrae stars in common between Gaia and the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues are published in Gaia Data Release 1 (DR1) as part of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). Aims. In order to test these first parallax measurements of the primary standard candles of the cosmological distance ladder, which involve astrometry collected by Gaia during the initial 14 months of science operation, we compared them with literature estimates and derived new period-luminosity (PL), period-Wesenheit (PW) relations for classical and Type II Cepheids and infrared PL, PL-metallicity (PLZ), and optical luminosity-metallicity (MV-[Fe/H]) relations for the RR Lyrae stars, with zero points based on TGAS. Methods. Classical Cepheids were carefully selected in order to discard known or suspected binary systems. The final sample comprises 102 fundamental mode pulsators with periods ranging from 1.68 to 51.66 days (of which 33 with sigma(omega)/omega < 0 : 5). The Type II Cepheids include a total of 26 W Virginis and BL Herculis stars spanning the period range from 1.16 to 30.00 days (of which only 7 with sigma(omega)/omega 0 : 5). The RR Lyrae stars include 200 sources with pulsation period ranging from 0.27 to 0.80 days (of which 112 with sigma(omega)/omega < 0 : 5). The new relations were computed using multi- band (V; I; J; K-s) photometry and spectroscopic metal abundances available in the literature, and by applying three alternative approaches: (i) linear least-squares fitting of the absolute magnitudes inferred from direct transformation of the TGAS parallaxes; (ii) adopting astrometry-based luminosities; and (iii) using a Bayesian fitting approach. The last two methods work in parallax space where parallaxes are used directly, thus maintaining symmetrical errors and allowing negative parallaxes to be used. The TGAS-based PL; PW; PLZ, and MV [Fe/H] relations are discussed by comparing the distan, Acknowledgements. This work has made use of results from the European Space Agency (ESA) space mission Gaia, the data from which were processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC). Funding for the DPAC has been provided by national institutions, in particular the institutions participating in the Gaia Multilateral Agreement. The Gaia mission website is http://www.cosmos.esa.int/gaia. The authors are current or past members of the ESA and Airbus DS Gaia mission teams and of the Gaia DPAC. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France. We thank the referee, Pierre Kervella, for his detailed comments and suggestions that have helped to improve the paper analysis and presentation. This work has financially been supported by: the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) through grants I/037/08/0, I/058/10/0, 2014-025-R.0, and 2014-025-R.1.2015 to INAF and contracts I/008/10/0 and 2013/030/I.0 to ALTEC S.p.A.; the Algerian Centre de Recherche en Astronomic, Astrophysique et Geophysique of Bouzareah Observatory; the Austrian FWF Hertha Firnberg Programme through grants T359, P20046, and P23737; the BELgian federal Science Policy Office (BELSPO) through various PROgramme de Developpement d'Experiences scientifiques (PRODEX) grants; the Brazil-France exchange programmes FAPESP-COFECUB and CAPES-COFECUB; the Chinese National Science Foundation through grant NSFC 11573054; the Czech-Republic Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports through grant LG 15010; the Danish Ministry of Science; the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research through grant IUT40-1; the European Commission's Sixth Framework Programme through the European Leadership in Space Astrometry (ELSA) Marie Curie Research Training Network (MRTN-CT-2006-033481), through Marie Curie project PIOF-GA-2009-255267 (SAS-RRL), and through a Marie Curie Transfer-of-Knowledge (ToK) fellowship (MTKD-CT-2004-014188); the European Commission's Seventh Framewor
Published: 2017
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22. PLATO as it is : A legacy mission for Galactic archaeology

Author: Miglio, A., Chiappini, C., Mosser, B., Davies, G. R., Freeman, K., Girardi, L., Jofre, P., Kawata, D., Rendle, B. M., Valentini, M., Casagrande, L., Chaplin, W. J., Gilmore, G., Hawkins, K., Holl, B., Appourchaux, T., Belkacem, K., Bossini, D., Brogaard, K., Goupil, M. -J, Montalban, J., Noels, A., Anders, F., Rodrigues, T., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Rauer, H., Allende Prieto, C., Avelino, P. P., Babusiaux, C., Barban, C., Barbuy, B., Basu, S., Baudin, F., Benomar, O., Bienayme, O., Binney, J., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Bressan, A., Cacciari, C., Campante, T. L., Cassisi, S., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Combes, F., Creevey, O., Cunha, M. S., de Jong, R. S., de laverny, P., Degl'Innocenti, S., Deheuvels, S., Depagne, E., De Ridder, J., Di Matteo, P., Di Mauro, M. P., Dupret, M. -A, Eggenberger, P., Elsworth, Y., Famaey, B., Feltzing, S., Garcia, R. A., Gerhard, O., Gibson, B. K., Gizon, L., Haywood, M., Handberg, R., Heiter, Ulrike, Hekker, S., Huber, D., Ibata, R., Katz, D., Kawaler, S. D., Kjeldsen, H., Kurtz, D. W., Lagarde, N., Lebreton, Y., Lund, M. N., Majewski, S. R., Marigo, P., Martig, M., Mathur, S., Minchev, I., Morel, T., Ortolani, S., Pinsonneault, M. H., Plez, B., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Pricopi, D., Recio-Blanco, A., Reyle, C., Robin, A., Roxburgh, I. W., Salaris, M., Santiago, B. X., Schiavon, R., Serenelli, A., Sharma, S., Aguirre, V. Silva, Soubiran, C., Steinmetz, M., Stello, D., Strassmeier, K. G., Ventura, P., Ventura, R., Walton, N. A., Worley, C. C., Miglio, A., Chiappini, C., Mosser, B., Davies, G. R., Freeman, K., Girardi, L., Jofre, P., Kawata, D., Rendle, B. M., Valentini, M., Casagrande, L., Chaplin, W. J., Gilmore, G., Hawkins, K., Holl, B., Appourchaux, T., Belkacem, K., Bossini, D., Brogaard, K., Goupil, M. -J, Montalban, J., Noels, A., Anders, F., Rodrigues, T., Piotto, G., Pollacco, D., Rauer, H., Allende Prieto, C., Avelino, P. P., Babusiaux, C., Barban, C., Barbuy, B., Basu, S., Baudin, F., Benomar, O., Bienayme, O., Binney, J., Bland-Hawthorn, J., Bressan, A., Cacciari, C., Campante, T. L., Cassisi, S., Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Combes, F., Creevey, O., Cunha, M. S., de Jong, R. S., de laverny, P., Degl'Innocenti, S., Deheuvels, S., Depagne, E., De Ridder, J., Di Matteo, P., Di Mauro, M. P., Dupret, M. -A, Eggenberger, P., Elsworth, Y., Famaey, B., Feltzing, S., Garcia, R. A., Gerhard, O., Gibson, B. K., Gizon, L., Haywood, M., Handberg, R., Heiter, Ulrike, Hekker, S., Huber, D., Ibata, R., Katz, D., Kawaler, S. D., Kjeldsen, H., Kurtz, D. W., Lagarde, N., Lebreton, Y., Lund, M. N., Majewski, S. R., Marigo, P., Martig, M., Mathur, S., Minchev, I., Morel, T., Ortolani, S., Pinsonneault, M. H., Plez, B., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Pricopi, D., Recio-Blanco, A., Reyle, C., Robin, A., Roxburgh, I. W., Salaris, M., Santiago, B. X., Schiavon, R., Serenelli, A., Sharma, S., Aguirre, V. Silva, Soubiran, C., Steinmetz, M., Stello, D., Strassmeier, K. G., Ventura, P., Ventura, R., Walton, N. A., and Worley, C. C.
Abstract: Deciphering the assembly history of the Milky Way is a formidable task, which becomes possible only if one can produce high-resolution chrono-chemo-kinematical maps of the Galaxy. Data from large-scale astrometric and spectroscopic surveys will soon provide us with a well-defined view of the current chemo-kinematical structure of the Milky Way, but it will only enable a blurred view on the temporal sequence that led to the present-day Galaxy. As demonstrated by the (ongoing) exploitation of data from the pioneering photometric missions CoRoT, Kepler, and K2, asteroseismology provides the way forward: solar-like oscillating giants are excellent evolutionary clocks thanks to the availability of seismic constraints on their mass and to the tight age-initial mass relation they adhere to. In this paper we identify five key outstanding questions relating to the formation and evolution of the Milky Way that will need precise and accurate ages for large samples of stars to be addressed, and we identify the requirements in terms of number of targets and the precision on the stellar properties that are needed to tackle such questions. By quantifying the asteroseismic yields expected from PLATO for red giant stars, we demonstrate that these requirements are within the capabilities of the current instrument design, provided that observations are sufficiently long to identify the evolutionary state and allow robust and precise determination of acoustic-mode frequencies. This will allow us to harvest data of sufficient quality to reach a 10% precision in age. This is a fundamental prerequisite to then reach the more ambitious goal of a similar level of accuracy, which will be possible only if we have at hand a careful appraisal of systematic uncertainties on age deriving from our limited understanding of stellar physics, a goal that conveniently falls within the main aims of PLATO's core science. We therefore strongly endorse PLATO's current design and proposed observational stra
Published: 2017
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23. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Separating disk chemical substructures with cluster models. Evidence of a separate evolution in the metal-poor thin disk

Author: Rojas-Arriagada, A., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Schultheis, M., Guiglion, G., Mikolaitis, S., Kordopatis, G., Hill, V., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Koposov, S. E., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Chiappini, C., Rojas-Arriagada, A., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Schultheis, M., Guiglion, G., Mikolaitis, S., Kordopatis, G., Hill, V., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Koposov, S. E., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., and Chiappini, C.
Abstract: Context. Recent spectroscopic surveys have begun to explore the Galactic disk system on the basis of large data samples, with spatial distributions sampling regions well outside the solar neighborhood. In this way, they provide valuable information for testing spatial and temporal variations of disk structure kinematics and chemical evolution. Aims. The main purposes of this study are to demonstrate the usefulness of a rigorous mathematical approach to separate substructures of a stellar sample in the abundance-metallicity plane, and provide new evidence with which to characterize the nature of the metal-poor end of the thin disk sequence. Methods. We used a Gaussian mixture model algorithm to separate in the [Mg/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] plane a clean disk star subsample (essentially at R-GC < 10 kpc) from the Gaia-ESO survey (GES) internal data release 2 (iDR2). We aim at decomposing it into data groups highlighting number density and/or slope variations in the abundance-metallicity plane. An independent sample of disk red clump stars from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) was used to cross-check the identified features. Results. We find that the sample is separated into five groups associated with major Galactic components; the metal-rich end of the halo, the thick disk, and three subgroups for the thin disk sequence. This is confirmed with the sample of red clump stars from APOGEE. The three thin disk groups served to explore this sequence in more detail. The two metal-intermediate and metal-rich groups of the thin disk decomposition ([Fe/H] > 0 : 25 dex) highlight a change in the slope at solar metallicity. This holds true at different radial regions of the Milky Way. The distribution of Galactocentric radial distances of the metal-poor part of the thin disk ([Fe/H] < 0 : 25 dex) is shifted to larger distances than those of the more metal-rich parts. Moreover, the metal-poor part of the thin disk presents indications of a scale h
Published: 2016
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24. The Gaia-ESO Survey : revisiting the Li-rich giant problem

Author: Casey, A. R., Ruchti, G., Masseron, T., Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Lind, Karin, Kennedy, G. M., Koposov, S. E., Hourihane, A., Franciosini, E., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., Feltzing, S., Jeffries, R. D., Vallenari, A., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Donati, P., Frasca, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Monaco, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Tautvaisiene, G., Zaggia, S., Zwitter, T., Delgado Mena, E., Chorniy, Y., Martell, S. L., Aguirre, V. Silva, Miglio, A., Chiappini, C., Montalban, J., Morel, T., Valentini, M., Casey, A. R., Ruchti, G., Masseron, T., Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Lind, Karin, Kennedy, G. M., Koposov, S. E., Hourihane, A., Franciosini, E., Lewis, J. R., Magrini, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., Feltzing, S., Jeffries, R. D., Vallenari, A., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Donati, P., Frasca, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Monaco, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Tautvaisiene, G., Zaggia, S., Zwitter, T., Delgado Mena, E., Chorniy, Y., Martell, S. L., Aguirre, V. Silva, Miglio, A., Chiappini, C., Montalban, J., Morel, T., and Valentini, M.
Abstract: The discovery of lithium-rich giants contradicts expectations from canonical stellar evolution. Here we report on the serendipitous discovery of 20 Li-rich giants observed during the Gaia-ESO Survey, which includes the first nine Li-rich giant stars known towards the CoRoT fields. Most of our Li-rich giants have near-solar metallicities and stellar parameters consistent with being before the luminosity bump. This is difficult to reconcile with deep mixing models proposed to explain lithium enrichment, because these models can only operate at later evolutionary stages: at or past the luminosity bump. In an effort to shed light on the Li-rich phenomenon, we highlight recent evidence of the tidal destruction of close-in hot Jupiters at the sub-giant phase. We note that when coupled with models of planet accretion, the observed destruction of hot Jupiters actually predicts the existence of Li-rich giant stars, and suggests that Li-rich stars should be found early on the giant branch and occur more frequently with increasing metallicity. A comprehensive review of all known Li-rich giant stars reveals that this scenario is consistent with the data. However, more evolved or metal-poor stars are less likely to host close-in giant planets, implying that their Li-rich origin requires an alternative explanation, likely related to mixing scenarios rather than external phenomena.
Published: 2016
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25. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Probes of the inner disk abundance gradient

Author: Jacobson, H. R., Friel, E. D., Jilkova, L., Magrini, L., Bragaglia, A., Vallenari, A., Tosi, M., Randich, S., Donati, P., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Sordo, R., Smiljanic, R., Overbeek, J. C., Carraro, G., Tautvaisiene, G., Roman, I. San, Villanova, S., Geisler, D., Munoz, C., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Tang, B., Gilmore, G., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Jacobson, H. R., Friel, E. D., Jilkova, L., Magrini, L., Bragaglia, A., Vallenari, A., Tosi, M., Randich, S., Donati, P., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Sordo, R., Smiljanic, R., Overbeek, J. C., Carraro, G., Tautvaisiene, G., Roman, I. San, Villanova, S., Geisler, D., Munoz, C., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Tang, B., Gilmore, G., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Koposov, S. E., Korn, Andreas J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. The nature of the metallicity gradient inside the solar circle (R-GC < 8 kpc) is poorly understood, but studies of Cepheids and a small sample of open clusters suggest that it steepens in the inner disk. Aims. We investigate the metallicity gradient of the inner disk using a sample of inner disk open clusters that is three times larger than has previously been studied in the literature to better characterize the gradient in this part of the disk. Methods. We used the Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) [Fe/H] values and stellar parameters for stars in 12 open clusters in the inner disk from GES-UVES data. Cluster mean [Fe/H] values were determined based on a membership analysis for each cluster. Where necessary, distances and ages to clusters were determined via comparison to theoretical isochrones. Results. The GES open clusters exhibit a radial metallicity gradient of -0.10 +/- 0.02 dex kpc(-1), consistent with the gradient measured by other literature studies of field red giant stars and open clusters in the range R-GC similar to 6-12 kpc. We also measure a trend of increasing [Fe/H] with increasing cluster age, as has also been found in the literature. Conclusions. We find no evidence for a steepening of the inner disk metallicity gradient inside the solar circle as earlier studies indicated. The age-metallicity relation shown by the clusters is consistent with that predicted by chemical evolution models that include the effects of radial migration, but a more detailed comparison between cluster observations and models would be premature.
Published: 2016
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26. Gaia Data Release 1 Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties

Author: Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Mignard, F., Drimmel, R., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Katz, D., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., O'Mullane, W., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Hog, E., Lattanzi, M. G., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Garcia, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Casas, M. Farras, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhacs, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pincau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I. -C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. 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G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Mignard, F., Drimmel, R., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Katz, D., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., O'Mullane, W., Panem, C., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Hog, E., Lattanzi, M. G., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Perryman, M., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Garcia, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Caffau, E., Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Casas, M. Farras, Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lorenz, D., MacDonald, I., Fernandes, T. Magalhacs, Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pincau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Shih, I. -C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Wevers, T., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Prieto, C. Allende, Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., Soffel, M., Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Context. At about 1000 days after the launch of Gaia we present the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, consisting of astrometry and photometry for over 1 billion sources brighter than magnitude 20.7. Aims. A summary of Gaia DR1 is presented along with illustrations of the scientific quality of the data, followed by a discussion of the limitations due to the preliminary nature of this release. Methods. The raw data collected by Gaia during the first 14 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into an astrometric and photometric catalogue. Results. Gaia DR1 consists of three components: a primary astrometric data set which contains the positions, parallaxes, and mean proper motions for about 2 million of the brightest stars in common with the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues - a realisation of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) - and a secondary astrometric data set containing the positions for an additional 1.1 billion sources. The second component is the photometric data set, consisting of mean G-band magnitudes for all sources. The G-band light curves and the characteristics of similar to 3000 Cepheid and RR Lyrae stars, observed at high cadence around the south ecliptic pole, form the third component. For the primary astrometric data set the typical uncertainty is about 0.3 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and about 1 mas yr(-1) for the proper motions. A systematic component of similar to 0.3 mas should be added to the parallax uncertainties. For the subset of similar to 94 000 HIPPARCOS stars in the primary data set, the proper motions are much more precise at about 0.06 mas yr(-1). For the secondary astrometric data set, the typical uncertainty of the positions is similar to 10 mas. The median uncertainties on the mean G-band magnitudes range from the mmag level to similar to 0.03 mag over the magnitude range 5 to 20.7. Conclusions. Gaia DR1 is an important milestone ahead of the
Published: 2016
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27. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Sodium and aluminium abundances in giants and dwarfs Implications for stellar and Galactic chemical evolution

Author: Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Bragaglia, A., Donati, P., Magrini, L., Friel, E., Jacobson, H., Randich, S., Ventura, P., Lind, Karin, Bergemann, M., Nordlander, Thomas, Morel, T., Pancino, E., Tautvaisiene, G., Adibekyan, V., Tosi, M., Vallenari, A., Gilmore, G., Bensby, T., Francois, P., Koposov, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Smiljanic, R., Romano, D., Bragaglia, A., Donati, P., Magrini, L., Friel, E., Jacobson, H., Randich, S., Ventura, P., Lind, Karin, Bergemann, M., Nordlander, Thomas, Morel, T., Pancino, E., Tautvaisiene, G., Adibekyan, V., Tosi, M., Vallenari, A., Gilmore, G., Bensby, T., Francois, P., Koposov, S., Lanzafame, A. C., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Casey, A. R., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lewis, J., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. Stellar evolution models predict that internal mixing should cause some sodium overabundance at the surface of red giants more massive than similar to 1.5-2.0 M-circle dot. The surface aluminium abundance should not be affected. Nevertheless, observational results disagree about the presence and/or the degree of Na and Al overabundances. In addition, Galactic chemical evolution models adopting different stellar yields lead to very different predictions for the behavior of [Na/Fe] and [Al/Fe] versus [Fe/H]. Overall, the observed trends of these abundances with metallicity are not well reproduced. Aims. We readdress both issues, using new Na and Al abundances determined within the Gaia-ESO Survey. Our aim is to obtain better observational constraints on the behavior of these elements using two samples: i) more than 600 dwarfs of the solar neighborhood and of open clusters and ii) low-and intermediate-mass clump giants in six open clusters. Methods. Abundances were determined using high-resolution UVES spectra. The individual Na abundances were corrected for nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium effects. For the Al abundances, the order of magnitude of the corrections was estimated for a few representative cases. For giants, the abundance trends with stellar mass are compared to stellar evolution models. For dwarfs, the abundance trends with metallicity and age are compared to detailed chemical evolution models. Results. Abundances of Na in stars with mass below similar to 2.0 M-circle dot, and of Al in stars below similar to 3.0 M-circle dot, seem to be unaffected by internal mixing processes. For more massive stars, the Na overabundance increases with stellar mass. This trend agrees well with predictions of stellar evolutionary models. For Al, our only cluster with giants more massive than 3.0 M-circle dot, NGC 6705, is Al enriched. However, this might be related to the environment where the cluster was formed. Chemical evolution models that well fit the observ
Published: 2016
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28. The Gaia mission

Author: Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Milligan, D. J., Panem, C., Poinsignon, V., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sarri, G., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Hog, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Atzei, A., Ayache, L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Baroni, M., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bellei, G., Garcia, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Budnik, F., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Au, E. Ca Ff, Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Charvet, P., Chassat, F., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Collins, P., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., di Marco, F., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Ecale, E., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Erdmann, M., Escolar, D., Espina, M., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Faye, F., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Furnell, R., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Gare, P., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Kowalczyk, A., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lopez-Lozano, A., Lorenz, D., Loureiro, T., MacDonald, I., Magalhaes Fernandes, T., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marie, J., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Mestre, A., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Monteiro, D., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morley, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Paulsen, T., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pereira, J., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Renk, F., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rudolph, A., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schnorhk, A., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Serpell, E., Shih, I-C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Smith, C., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Werner, D., Wevers, T., Whitehead, G., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., El, M. So Ff, Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., Zschocke, S., Prusti, T., de Bruijne, J. H. J., Brown, A. G. A., Vallenari, A., Babusiaux, C., Bailer-Jones, C. A. L., Bastian, U., Biermann, M., Evans, D. W., Eyer, L., Jansen, F., Jordi, C., Klioner, S. A., Lammers, U., Lindegren, L., Luri, X., Mignard, F., Milligan, D. J., Panem, C., Poinsignon, V., Pourbaix, D., Randich, S., Sarri, G., Sartoretti, P., Siddiqui, H. I., Soubiran, C., Valette, V., van Leeuwen, F., Walton, N. A., Aerts, C., Arenou, F., Cropper, M., Drimmel, R., Hog, E., Katz, D., Lattanzi, M. G., O'Mullane, W., Grebel, E. K., Holland, A. D., Huc, C., Passot, X., Bramante, L., Cacciari, C., Castaneda, J., Chaoul, L., Cheek, N., De Angeli, F., Fabricius, C., Guerra, R., Hernandez, J., Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, A., Masana, E., Messineo, R., Mowlavi, N., Nienartowicz, K., Ordonez-Blanco, D., Panuzzo, P., Portell, J., Richards, P. J., Riello, M., Seabroke, G. M., Tanga, P., Thevenin, F., Torra, J., Els, S. G., Gracia-Abril, G., Comoretto, G., Garcia-Reinaldos, M., Lock, T., Mercier, E., Altmann, M., Andrae, R., Astraatmadja, T. L., Bellas-Velidis, I., Benson, K., Berthier, J., Blomme, R., Busso, G., Carry, B., Cellino, A., Clementini, G., Cowell, S., Creevey, O., Cuypers, J., Davidson, M., De Ridder, J., de Torres, A., Delchambre, L., Dell'Oro, A., Ducourant, C., Fremat, Y., Garcia-Torres, M., Gosset, E., Halbwachs, J. -L, Hambly, N. C., Harrison, D. L., Hauser, M., Hestroffer, D., Hodgkin, S. T., Huckle, H. E., Hutton, A., Jasniewicz, G., Jordan, S., Kontizas, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Manteiga, M., Moitinho, A., Muinonen, K., Osinde, J., Pancino, E., Pauwels, T., Petit, J. -M, Recio-Blanco, A., Robin, A. C., Sarro, L. M., Siopis, C., Smith, M., Smith, K. W., Sozzetti, A., Thuillot, W., van Reeven, W., Viala, Y., Abbas, U., Aramburu, A. Abreu, Accart, S., Aguado, J. J., Allan, P. M., Allasia, W., Altavilla, G., Alvarez, M. A., Alves, J., Anderson, R. I., Andrei, A. H., Varela, E. Anglada, Antiche, E., Antoja, T., Anton, S., Arcay, B., Atzei, A., Ayache, L., Bach, N., Baker, S. G., Balaguer-Nunez, L., Barache, C., Barata, C., Barbier, A., Barblan, F., Baroni, M., Barrado y Navascues, D., Barros, M., Barstow, M. A., Becciani, U., Bellazzini, M., Bellei, G., Garcia, A. Bello, Belokurov, V., Bendjoya, P., Berihuete, A., Bianchi, L., Bienayme, O., Billebaud, F., Blagorodnova, N., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Boch, T., Bombrun, A., Borrachero, R., Bouquillon, S., Bourda, G., Bouy, H., Bragaglia, A., Breddels, M. A., Brouillet, N., Bruesemeister, T., Bucciarelli, B., Budnik, F., Burgess, P., Burgon, R., Burlacu, A., Busonero, D., Buzzi, R., Au, E. Ca Ff, Cambras, J., Campbell, H., Cancelliere, R., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Carlucci, T., Carrasco, J. M., Castellani, M., Charlot, P., Charnas, J., Charvet, P., Chassat, F., Chiavassa, A., Clotet, M., Cocozza, G., Collins, R. S., Collins, P., Costigan, G., Crifo, F., Cross, N. J. G., Crosta, M., Crowley, C., Dafonte, C., Damerdji, Y., Dapergolas, A., David, P., David, M., De Cat, P., de Felice, F., de Laverny, P., De Luise, F., De March, R., de Martino, D., de Souza, R., Debosscher, J., del Pozo, E., Delbo, M., Delgado, A., Delgado, H. E., di Marco, F., Di Matteo, P., Diakite, S., Distefano, E., Dolding, C., Dos Anjos, S., Drazinos, P., Duran, J., Dzigan, Y., Ecale, E., Edvardsson, Bengt, Enke, H., Erdmann, M., Escolar, D., Espina, M., Evans, N. W., Bontemps, G. Eynard, Fabre, C., Fabrizio, M., Faigler, S., Falcao, A. J., Farras Casas, M., Faye, F., Federici, L., Fedorets, G., Fernandez-Hernandez, J., Fernique, P., Fienga, A., Figueras, F., Filippi, F., Findeisen, K., Fonti, A., Fouesneau, M., Fraile, E., Fraser, M., Fuchs, J., Furnell, R., Gai, M., Galleti, S., Galluccio, L., Garabato, D., Garcia-Sedano, F., Gare, P., Garofalo, A., Garralda, N., Gavras, P., Gerssen, J., Geyer, R., Gilmore, G., Girona, S., Giuffrida, G., Gomes, M., Gonzalez-Marcos, A., Gonzalez-Nunez, J., Gonzalez-Vidal, J. J., Granvik, M., Guerrier, A., Guillout, P., Guiraud, J., Gurpide, A., Gutierrez-Sanchez, R., Guy, L. P., Haigron, R., Hatzidimitriou, D., Haywood, M., Heiter, Ulrike, Helmi, A., Hobbs, D., Hofmann, W., Holl, B., Holland, G., Hunt, J. A. S., Hypki, A., Icardi, V., Irwin, M., de Fombelle, G. Jevardat, Jofre, P., Jonker, P. G., Jorissen, A., Julbe, F., Karampelas, A., Kochoska, A., Kohley, R., Kolenberg, K., Kontizas, E., Koposov, S. E., Kordopatis, G., Koubsky, P., Kowalczyk, A., Krone-Martins, A., Kudryashova, M., Kull, I., Bachchan, R. K., Lacoste-Seris, F., Lanza, A. F., Lavigne, J. -B, Le Poncin-Lafitte, C., Lebreton, Y., Lebzelter, T., Leccia, S., Leclerc, N., Lecoeur-Taibi, I., Lemaitre, V., Lenhardt, H., Leroux, F., Liao, S., Licata, E., Lindstrom, H. E. P., Lister, T. A., Livanou, E., Lobel, A., Loeffler, W., Lopez, M., Lopez-Lozano, A., Lorenz, D., Loureiro, T., MacDonald, I., Magalhaes Fernandes, T., Managau, S., Mann, R. G., Mantelet, G., Marchal, O., Marchant, J. M., Marconi, M., Marie, J., Marinoni, S., Marrese, P. M., Marschalko, G., Marshall, D. J., Martin-Fleitas, J. M., Martino, M., Mary, N., Matijevic, G., Mazeh, T., McMillan, P. J., Messina, S., Mestre, A., Michalik, D., Millar, N. R., Miranda, B. M. H., Molina, D., Molinaro, R., Molinaro, M., Molnar, L., Moniez, M., Montegriffo, P., Monteiro, D., Mor, R., Mora, A., Morbidelli, R., Morel, T., Morgenthaler, S., Morley, T., Morris, D., Mulone, A. F., Muraveva, T., Musella, I., Narbonne, J., Nelemans, G., Nicastro, L., Noval, L., Ordenovic, C., Ordieres-Mere, J., Osborne, P., Pagani, C., Pagano, I., Pailler, F., Palacin, H., Palaversa, L., Parsons, P., Paulsen, T., Pecoraro, M., Pedrosa, R., Pentikainen, H., Pereira, J., Pichon, B., Piersimoni, A. M., Pineau, F. -X, Plachy, E., Plum, G., Poujoulet, E., Prsa, A., Pulone, L., Ragaini, S., Rago, S., Rambaux, N., Ramos-Lerate, M., Ranalli, P., Rauw, G., Read, A., Regibo, S., Renk, F., Reyle, C., Ribeiro, R. A., Rimoldini, L., Ripepi, V., Riva, A., Rixon, G., Roelens, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Rowell, N., Royer, F., Rudolph, A., Ruiz-Dern, L., Sadowski, G., Selles, T. Sagrista, Sahlmann, J., Salgado, J., Salguero, E., Sarasso, M., Savietto, H., Schnorhk, A., Schultheis, M., Sciacca, E., Segol, M., Segovia, J. C., Segransan, D., Serpell, E., Shih, I-C, Smareglia, R., Smart, R. L., Smith, C., Solano, E., Solitro, F., Sordo, R., Nieto, S. Soria, Souchay, J., Spagna, A., Spoto, F., Stampa, U., Steele, I. A., Steidelmueller, H., Stephenson, C. A., Stoev, H., Suess, F. F., Suveges, M., Surdej, J., Szabados, L., Szegedi-Elek, E., Tapiador, D., Taris, F., Tauran, G., Taylor, M. B., Teixeira, R., Terrett, D., Tingley, B., Trager, S. C., Turon, C., Ulla, A., Utrilla, E., Valentini, G., van Elteren, A., Van Hemelryck, E., van Leeuwen, M., Varadi, M., Vecchiato, A., Veljanoski, J., Via, T., Vicente, D., Vogt, S., Voss, H., Votruba, V., Voutsinas, S., Walmsley, G., Weiler, M., Weingrill, K., Werner, D., Wevers, T., Whitehead, G., Wyrzykowski, L., Yoldas, A., Zerjal, M., Zucker, S., Zurbach, C., Zwitter, T., Alecu, A., Allen, M., Allende Prieto, C., Amorim, A., Anglada-Escude, G., Arsenijevic, V., Azaz, S., Balm, P., Beck, M., Bernstein, H. -H, Bigot, L., Bijaoui, A., Blasco, C., Bonfigli, M., Bono, G., Boudreault, S., Bressan, A., Brown, S., Brunet, P. -M, Bunclark, P., Buonanno, R., Butkevich, A. G., Carret, C., Carrion, C., Chemin, L., Chereau, F., Corcione, L., Darmigny, E., de Boer, K. S., de Teodoro, P., de Zeeuw, P. T., Delle Luche, C., Domingues, C. D., Dubath, P., Fodor, F., Frezouls, B., Fries, A., Fustes, D., Fyfe, D., Gallardo, E., Gallegos, J., Gardiol, D., Gebran, M., Gomboc, A., Gomez, A., Grux, E., Gueguen, A., Heyrovsky, A., Hoar, J., Iannicola, G., Parache, Y. Isasi, Janotto, A. -M, Joliet, E., Jonckheere, A., Keil, R., Kim, D. -W, Klagyivik, P., Klar, J., Knude, J., Kochukhov, Oleg, Kolka, I., Kos, J., Kutka, A., Lainey, V., LeBouquin, D., Liu, C., Loreggia, D., Makarov, V. V., Marseille, M. G., Martayan, C., Martinez-Rubi, O., Massart, B., Meynadier, F., Mignot, S., Munari, U., Nguyen, A. -T, Nordlander, Thomas, Ocvirk, P., O'Flaherty, K. S., Sanz, A. Olias, Ortiz, P., Osorio, J., Oszkiewicz, D., Ouzounis, A., Palmer, M., Park, P., Pasquato, E., Peltzer, C., Peralta, J., Peturaud, F., Pieniluoma, T., Pigozzi, E., Poels, J., Prat, G., Prod'homme, T., Raison, F., Rebordao, J. M., Risquez, D., Rocca-Volmerange, B., Rosen, S., Ruiz-Fuertes, M. I., Russo, F., Sembay, S., Vizcaino, I. Serraller, Short, A., Siebert, A., Silva, H., Sinachopoulos, D., Slezak, E., El, M. So Ff, Sosnowska, D., Straizys, V., ter Linden, M., Terrell, D., Theil, S., Tiede, C., Troisi, L., Tsalmantza, P., Tur, D., Vaccari, M., Vachier, F., Valles, P., Van Hamme, W., Veltz, L., Virtanen, J., Wallut, J. -M, Wichmann, R., Wilkinson, M. I., Ziaeepour, H., and Zschocke, S.
Abstract: Gaia is a cornerstone mission in the science programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). The spacecraft construction was approved in 2006, following a study in which the original interferometric concept was changed to a direct-imaging approach. Both the spacecraft and the payload were built by European industry. The involvement of the scientific community focusses on data processing for which the international Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) was selected in 2007. Gaia was launched on 19 December 2013 and arrived at its operating point, the second Lagrange point of the Sun-Earth-Moon system, a few weeks later. The commissioning of the spacecraft and payload was completed on 19 July 2014. The nominal five-year mission started with four weeks of special, ecliptic-pole scanning and subsequently transferred into full-sky scanning mode. We recall the scientific goals of Gaia and give a description of the as-built spacecraft that is currently (mid-2016) being operated to achieve these goals. We pay special attention to the payload module, the performance of which is closely related to the scientific performance of the mission. We provide a summary of the commissioning activities and findings, followed by a description of the routine operational mode. We summarise scientific performance estimates on the basis of in-orbit operations. Several intermediate Gaia data releases are planned and the data can be retrieved from the Gaia Archive, which is available through the Gaia home page.
Published: 2016
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29. The Gaia-ESO Survey : characterisation of the [α/Fe] sequences in the Milky Way discs

Author: Kordopatis, G., Wyse, R. F. G., Gilmore, G., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Hill, V., Adibekyan, V., Heiter, Ulrike, Minchev, I., Famaey, B., Bensby, T., Feltzing, S., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas J., Mikolaitis, \v S., Schultheis, M., Vallenari, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Flaccomio, E., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofré, P., Koposov, S. E., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Morbidelli, L., Pancino, E., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Kordopatis, G., Wyse, R. F. G., Gilmore, G., Recio-Blanco, A., de Laverny, P., Hill, V., Adibekyan, V., Heiter, Ulrike, Minchev, I., Famaey, B., Bensby, T., Feltzing, S., Guiglion, G., Korn, Andreas J., Mikolaitis, \v S., Schultheis, M., Vallenari, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Flaccomio, E., Franciosini, E., Hourihane, A., Jofré, P., Koposov, S. E., Lardo, C., Lewis, J., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Morbidelli, L., Pancino, E., Randich, S., Sacco, G. G., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. High-resolution spectroscopic surveys of stars indicate that the Milky Way thin and thick discs follow different paths in the chemical space defined by [alpha/Fe] vs. [Fe/H], possibly suggesting different formation mechanisms for each of these structures. Aims. We investigate, using the Gaia-ESO Survey internal Data-Release 2, the properties of the double sequence of the Milky Way discs, which are defined chemically as the high-alpha and low-alpha populations. We discuss their compatibility with discs defined by other means, such as metallicity, kinematics, or positions. Methods. This investigation uses two different approaches: in velocity space, for stars located in the extended solar neighbourhood; and, in chemical space, for stars at different ranges of Galactocentric radii and heights from the Galactic mid-plane. The separation we find in velocity space allows us to investigate, using a novel approach, the extent of metallicity of each of the two chemical sequences, without making any assumption about the shape of their metallicity distribution functions. Then, using the separation in chemical space, adopting the magnesium abundance as a tracer of the alpha-elements, we characterise the spatial variation of the slopes of the [alpha/Fe] [Fe/H] sequences for the thick and thin discs and the way in which the relative proportions of the two discs change across the Galaxy. Results. We find that the thick disc, defined as the stars tracing the high-alpha sequence, extends up to super-solar metallicities ([Fe/H] approximate to + 0.2 dex), and the thin disc, defined as the stars tracing the low-alpha sequence, extends at least down to [Fe/H] approximate to 0.8 dex, with hints pointing towards even lower values. Radial and vertical gradients in alpha-abundances are found for the thin disc, with mild spatial variations in its [alpha/Fe] [Fe/H] paths, whereas for the thick disc we do not detect any spatial variations of this kind. This is in agreement with result
Published: 2015
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30. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Empirical determination of the precision of stellar radial velocities and projected rotation velocities

Author: Jackson, R. J., Jeffries, R. D., Lewis, J., Koposov, S. E., Sacco, G. G., Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Asplund, M., Binney, J., Bonifacio, P., Drew, J. E., Feltzing, S., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Neguerela, I., Prusti, T., Rix, H. -W, Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E. J., Prieto, C. Allende, Babusiaux, C., Bensby, T., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Hambly, N., Irwin, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Walton, N., Bayo, A., Bergemann, M., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Edvardsson, Bengt, Franciosini, E., Frasca, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Jackson, R. J., Jeffries, R. D., Lewis, J., Koposov, S. E., Sacco, G. G., Randich, S., Gilmore, G., Asplund, M., Binney, J., Bonifacio, P., Drew, J. E., Feltzing, S., Ferguson, A. M. N., Micela, G., Neguerela, I., Prusti, T., Rix, H. -W, Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E. J., Prieto, C. Allende, Babusiaux, C., Bensby, T., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Hambly, N., Irwin, M., Korn, Andreas J., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Walton, N., Bayo, A., Bergemann, M., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Edvardsson, Bengt, Franciosini, E., Frasca, A., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Marconi, G., Martayan, C., Masseron, T., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Prisinzano, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: Context. The Gaia-ESO Survey (GES) is a large public spectroscopic survey at the European Southern Observatory Very Large Telescope. Aims. A key aim is to provide precise radial velocities (RVs) and projected equatorial velocities (v sin i) for representative samples of Galactic stars, which will complement information obtained by the Gaia astrometry satellite. Methods. We present an analysis to empirically quantify the size and distribution of uncertainties in RV and v sin i using spectra from repeated exposures of the same stars. Results. We show that the uncertainties vary as simple scaling functions of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and v sin i, that the uncertainties become larger with increasing photospheric temperature, but that the dependence on stellar gravity, metallicity and age is weak. The underlying uncertainty distributions have extended tails that are better represented by Student's t-distributions than by normal distributions. Conclusions. Parametrised results are provided, which enable estimates of the RV precision for almost all GES measurements, and estimates of the v sin i precision for stars in young clusters, as a function of S/N, v sin i and stellar temperature. The precision of individual high S/N GES RV measurements is 0.22-0.26 km s(-1), dependent on instrumental configuration.
Published: 2015
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31. The Gaia-ESO Survey : A globular cluster escapee in the Galactic halo

Author: Lind, Karin, Koposov, S. E., Battistini, C., Marino, A. F., Ruchti, G., Serenelli, A., Worley, C. C., Alves-Brito, A., Asplund, M., Barklem, Paul S., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Bragaglia, A., Edvardsson, Bengt, Feltzing, S., Gruyters, Pieter, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Korn, Andreas J., Nordlander, Thomas, Ryde, N., Soubiran, C., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Ferguson, A. M. N., Jeffries, R. D., Vallenari, A., Allende Prieto, C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Romano, D., Smiljanic, R., Bellazzini, M., Damiani, F., Hill, V., de laverny, P., Jackson, R. J., Lardo, C., Zaggia, S., Lind, Karin, Koposov, S. E., Battistini, C., Marino, A. F., Ruchti, G., Serenelli, A., Worley, C. C., Alves-Brito, A., Asplund, M., Barklem, Paul S., Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Bragaglia, A., Edvardsson, Bengt, Feltzing, S., Gruyters, Pieter, Heiter, Ulrike, Jofre, P., Korn, Andreas J., Nordlander, Thomas, Ryde, N., Soubiran, C., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Ferguson, A. M. N., Jeffries, R. D., Vallenari, A., Allende Prieto, C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Romano, D., Smiljanic, R., Bellazzini, M., Damiani, F., Hill, V., de laverny, P., Jackson, R. J., Lardo, C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: A small fraction of the halo field is made up of stars that share the light element (Z <= 13) anomalies characteristic of second generation globular cluster (GC) stars. The ejected stars shed light on the formation of the Galactic halo by tracing the dynamical history of the clusters, which are believed to have once been more massive. Some of these ejected stars are expected to show strong Al enhancement at the expense of shortage of Mg, but until now no such star has been found. We search for outliers in the Mg and Al abundances of the few hundreds of halo field stars observed in the first eighteen months of the Gaia-ESO public spectroscopic survey. One halo star at the base of the red giant branch, here referred to as 22593757-4648029 is found to have [Mg/Fe] = -0.36 +/- 0.04 and [Al/Fe] = 0.99 +/- 0.08, which is compatible with the most extreme ratios detected in GCs so far. We compare the orbit of 22593757-4648029 to GCs of similar metallicity and find it unlikely that this star has been tidally stripped with low ejection velocity from any of the clusters. However, both chemical and kinematic arguments render it plausible that the star has been ejected at high velocity from the anomalous GC omega Centauri within the last few billion years. We cannot rule out other progenitor GCs, because some may have disrupted fully, and the abundance and orbital data are inadequate for many of those that are still intact.
Published: 2015
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32. The Gaia-ESO Survey : a quiescent Milky Way with no significant dark/stellar accreted disc

Author: Ruchti, G. R., Read, J. I., Feltzing, S., Serenelli, A. M., McMillan, P., Lind, Karin, Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Asplund, M., Vallenari, A., Flaccomio, E., Pancino, E., Korn, Andreas J., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Kordopatis, G., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sbordone, L., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., Ruchti, G. R., Read, J. I., Feltzing, S., Serenelli, A. M., McMillan, P., Lind, Karin, Bensby, T., Bergemann, M., Asplund, M., Vallenari, A., Flaccomio, E., Pancino, E., Korn, Andreas J., Recio-Blanco, A., Bayo, A., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Kordopatis, G., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sbordone, L., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: According to our current cosmological model, galaxies like the Milky Way are expected to experience many mergers over their lifetimes. The most massive of the merging galaxies will be dragged towards the disc plane, depositing stars and dark matter into an accreted disc structure. In this work, we utilize the chemodynamical template developed in Ruchti et al. to hunt for accreted stars. We apply the template to a sample of 4675 stars in the third internal data release from the Gaia-ESO Spectroscopic Survey. We find a significant component of accreted halo stars, but find no evidence of an accreted disc component. This suggests that the Milky Way has had a rather quiescent merger history since its disc formed some 8-10 billion years ago and therefore possesses no significant dark matter disc.
Published: 2015
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33. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Detailed abundances in the metal-poor globular cluster NGC 4372

Author: San Roman, I., Munoz, C., Geisler, D., Villanova, S., Kacharov, N., Koch, A., Carraro, G., Tautvaisiene, G., Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Korn, Andreas J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Bergemann, M., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Masseron, T., Morbidelli, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., Zaggia, S., San Roman, I., Munoz, C., Geisler, D., Villanova, S., Kacharov, N., Koch, A., Carraro, G., Tautvaisiene, G., Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E. J., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Korn, Andreas J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Bergemann, M., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Masseron, T., Morbidelli, L., Sbordone, L., Sousa, S. G., Worley, C. C., and Zaggia, S.
Abstract: We present the abundance analysis for a sample of 7 red giant branch stars in the metal-poor globular cluster NGC 4372 based on UVES spectra acquired as part of the Gaia-ESO Survey. This is the first extensive study of this cluster from high-resolution spectroscopy. We derive abundances of O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, Fe, Cr, Ni, Y, Ba, and La. We find a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -2.19 +/- 0.03 and find no evidence of any metallicity spread. This metallicity makes NGC 4372 one of the most metal-poor Galactic globular clusters. We also find an a-enhancement typical of halo globular clusters at this metallicity. Significant spreads are observed in the abundances of light elements. In particular, we find a Na-O anticorrelation. Abundances of O are relatively high compared with other globular clusters. This could indicate that NGC 4372 was formed in an environment with high O for its metallicity. A Mg-Al spread is also present that spans a range of more than 0.5 dex in Al abundances. Na is correlated with Al and Mg abundances at a lower significance level. This pattern suggests that the Mg-Al burning cycle is active. This behavior can also be seen in giant stars of other massive, metal-poor clusters. A relation between light and heavy s-process elements has been identified.
Published: 2015
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34. Gaia FGK benchmark stars : abundances of α and iron-peak elements

Author: Jofré, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Soubiran, C., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Masseron, T., Nordlander, Thomas, Chemin, L., Worley, C. C., Van Eck, S., Hourihane, A., Gilmore, G., Adibekyan, V., Bergemann, M., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Delgado-Mena, E., González Hernández, J. I., Guiglion, G., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Mikolaitis, S., Montes, D., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Sordo, R., Sousa, S., Tabernero, H. M., Vallenari, A., Jofré, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Soubiran, C., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Masseron, T., Nordlander, Thomas, Chemin, L., Worley, C. C., Van Eck, S., Hourihane, A., Gilmore, G., Adibekyan, V., Bergemann, M., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Delgado-Mena, E., González Hernández, J. I., Guiglion, G., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lind, Karin, Magrini, L., Mikolaitis, S., Montes, D., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Sordo, R., Sousa, S., Tabernero, H. M., and Vallenari, A.
Abstract: Context. In the current era of large spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way, reference stars for calibrating astrophysical parameters and chemical abundances are of paramount importance. Aims. We determine elemental abundances of Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, and Ni for our predefined set of Gaia FGK benchmark stars. Methods. By analysing high-resolution spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio taken from several archive datasets, we combined results of eight different methods to determine abundances on a line-by-line basis. We performed a detailed homogeneous analysis of the systematic uncertainties, such as differential versus absolute abundance analysis. We also assessed errors that are due to non-local thermal equilibrium and the stellar parameters in our final abundances. Results. Our results are provided by listing final abundances and the different sources of uncertainties, as well as line-by-line and method-by-method abundances. Conclusions. The atmospheric parameters of the Gaia FGK benchmark stars are already being widely used for calibration of several pipelines that are applied to different surveys. With the added reference abundances of ten elements, this set is very suitable for calibrating the chemical abundances obtained by these pipelines.
Published: 2015
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35. Kinematics and Chemistry of Recently Discovered Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1 Dwarf Galaxies

Author: Koposov, S. E., Casey, A. R., Belokurov, V., Lewis, J. R., Gilmore, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Randich, S., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Bergemann, M., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Jofre, P., Lando, C., Lanzafame, A. C., de Laverny, P., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sbordone, L., Mikolaitis, \v S., Ryde, N., Koposov, S. E., Casey, A. R., Belokurov, V., Lewis, J. R., Gilmore, G., Worley, C., Hourihane, A., Randich, S., Bensby, T., Bragaglia, A., Bergemann, M., Carraro, G., Costado, M. T., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Jofre, P., Lando, C., Lanzafame, A. C., de Laverny, P., Monaco, L., Morbidelli, L., Sbordone, L., Mikolaitis, \v S., and Ryde, N.
Abstract: We report on VLT/GIRAFFE spectra of stars in two recently discovered ultra-faint satellites, Reticulum 2 and Horologium 1, obtained as part of the Gaia-ESO Survey. We identify 18 members in Reticulum 2 and five in Horologium 1. We find Reticulum 2 to have a velocity dispersion of 3.22(-0.49)(+1.64) km s(-1) , implying a mass-to-light ratio (M/L) of similar to 500. The mean metallicity of Reticulum 2 is [Fe/H] = -2.46, with an intrinsic dispersion of similar to 0.3 dex and alpha-enhancement of similar to 0.4 dex. We conclude that Reticulum 2 is a dwarf galaxy. We also report on the serendipitous discovery of four stars in a previously unknown stellar substructure near Reticulum 2 with [Fe/H] similar to -2 and V-hel similar to 220 km s(-1), far from the systemic velocity of Reticulum 2. For Horologium 1 we infer a velocity dispersion of sigma (V) = 4.9(-0.9)(+2.8) km s(-1) and a M/L ratio of similar to 600, leading us to conclude that Horologium 1 is also a dwarf galaxy. Horologium 1 is slightly more metal-poor than Reticulum 2 ([Fe/H] = -2.76) and is similarly alpha-enhanced: [alpha/Fe] similar to 0.3 dex with a significant spread of metallicities of 0.17 dex. The line-of-sight velocity of Reticulum 2 is offset by 100 km s(-1) from the prediction of the orbital velocity of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), thus making its association with the Cloud uncertain. However, at the location of Horologium 1, both the backward-integrated orbit of the LMC and its halo are predicted to have radial velocities similar to that of the dwarf. Therefore, it is possible that Horologium 1 is or once was a member of the Magellanic family.
Published: 2015
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36. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Abundance ratios in the inner-disk open clusters Trumpler 20, NGC 4815, NGC 6705

Author: Magrini, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Friel, E., Bragaglia, A., Smiljanic, R., Jacobson, H., Vallenari, A., Tosi, M., Spina, L., Donati, P., Maiorca, E., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Sordo, R., Bergemann, M., Damiani, F., Tautvaisiene, G., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Geisler, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, C., San Roman, I., Soubiran, C., Villanova, S., Zaggia, S., Gilmore, G., Asplund, M., Feltzing, S., Jeffries, R., Bensby, T., Koposov, S., Korn, Andreas J., Flaccomio, E., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Sacco, G., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Jofre, P., de Laverny, P., Hill, V., Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Jackson, R., Lardo, C., Morbidelli, L., Lewis, J., Lind, K., Masseron, T., Prisinzano, L., Worley, C., Magrini, L., Randich, S., Romano, D., Friel, E., Bragaglia, A., Smiljanic, R., Jacobson, H., Vallenari, A., Tosi, M., Spina, L., Donati, P., Maiorca, E., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Sordo, R., Bergemann, M., Damiani, F., Tautvaisiene, G., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Jimenez-Esteban, F., Geisler, D., Mowlavi, N., Munoz, C., San Roman, I., Soubiran, C., Villanova, S., Zaggia, S., Gilmore, G., Asplund, M., Feltzing, S., Jeffries, R., Bensby, T., Koposov, S., Korn, Andreas J., Flaccomio, E., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Sacco, G., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Jofre, P., de Laverny, P., Hill, V., Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Jackson, R., Lardo, C., Morbidelli, L., Lewis, J., Lind, K., Masseron, T., Prisinzano, L., and Worley, C.
Abstract: Context. Open clusters are key tools to study the spatial distribution of abundances in the disk and their evolution with time. Aims. Using the first release of stellar parameters and abundances of the Gaia-ESO Survey, we analyse the chemical properties of stars in three old/intermediate-age open clusters, namely NGC 6705, NGC 4815, and Trumpler 20, which are all located in the inner part of the Galactic disk at Galactocentric radius R-GC similar to 7 kpc. We aim to prove their homogeneity and to compare them with the field population. Methods. We study the abundance ratios of elements belonging to two different nucleosynthetic channels: alpha-elements and iron-peak elements. For each element, we analyse the internal chemical homogeneity of cluster members, and we compare the cumulative distributions of cluster abundance ratios with those of solar neighbourhood turn-off stars and of inner-disk/bulge giants. We compare the abundance ratios of field and cluster stars with two chemical evolution models that predict different alpha-enhancement dependences on the Galactocentric distance due to different assumptions on the infall and star-formation rates. Results. The main results can be summarised as follows: i) cluster members are chemically homogeneous within 3 sigma in all analysed elements; ii) the three clusters have comparable [El/Fe] patterns within similar to 1 sigma, but they differ in their global metal content [El/H] with NGC 4815 having the lowest metallicity; their [El/Fe] ratios show differences and analogies with those of the field population, in both the solar neighbourhood and the bulge/inner disk; iii) comparing the abundance ratios with the results of two chemical evolution models and with field star abundance distributions, we find that the abundance ratios of Mg, Ni, and Ca in NGC 6705 might require an inner birthplace, implying a subsequent variation in its R-GC during its lifetime, which is consistent with previous orbit determination. Conclusions.
Published: 2014
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37. Gaia FGK benchmark stars : Metallicity

Author: Jofre, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Soubiran, C., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Worley, C. C., Pancino, E., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Magrini, L., Bergemann, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J., Hill, V., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lind, K., Masseron, T., Montes, D., Mucciarelli, A., Nordlander, Thomas, Blanco, A. Recto, Sobeck, J., Sordo, R., Sousa, S. G., Tabernero, H., Vallenari, A., Van Eck, S., Jofre, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Soubiran, C., Blanco-Cuaresma, S., Worley, C. C., Pancino, E., Cantat-Gaudin, T., Magrini, L., Bergemann, M., Gonzalez Hernandez, J., Hill, V., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Lind, K., Masseron, T., Montes, D., Mucciarelli, A., Nordlander, Thomas, Blanco, A. Recto, Sobeck, J., Sordo, R., Sousa, S. G., Tabernero, H., Vallenari, A., and Van Eck, S.
Abstract: Context. To calibrate automatic pipelines that determine atmospheric parameters of stars, one needs a sample of stars, or "benchmark stars", with well-defined parameters to be used as a reference. Aims. We provide detailed documentation of the iron abundance determination of the 34 FGK-type benchmark stars that are selected to be the pillars for calibration of the one billion Gaia stars. They cover a wide range of temperatures, surface gravities, and metallicities. Methods. Up to seven different methods were used to analyze an observed spectral library of high resolutions and high signal-to-noise ratios. The metallicity was determined by assuming a value of effective temperature and surface gravity obtained from fundamental relations; that is, these parameters were known a priori and independently from the spectra. Results. We present a set of metallicity values obtained in a homogeneous way for our sample of benchmark stars. In addition to this value, we provide detailed documentation of the associated uncertainties.Finally, we report a value of the metallicity of the cool giant psi Phe for the first time.
Published: 2014
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38. The Gaia-ESO Survey : processing FLAMES-UVES spectra

Author: Sacco, G. G., Morbidelli, L., Franciosini, E., Majorca, E., Randich, S., Modigliani, A., Gilmore, G., Asplund, M., Binney, J., Bordfacio, P., Drew, J., Feltzing, S., Ferguson, A., Jeffries, R., Micela, G., Negueruela, I., Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E., Prieto, C. Allende, Babusiaux, C., Bensby, T., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Hambly, N., Irwin, M., Koposov, S., Korn, Andreas, Lanzafame, A., Pancino, F., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Walton, N., Bergemann, M., Costado, M. T., de Laverny, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jackson, R., Jofre, P., Lewis, J., Lind, K., Lardo, C., Magrini, L., Masseron, T., Prisinzano, L., Worley, C., Sacco, G. G., Morbidelli, L., Franciosini, E., Majorca, E., Randich, S., Modigliani, A., Gilmore, G., Asplund, M., Binney, J., Bordfacio, P., Drew, J., Feltzing, S., Ferguson, A., Jeffries, R., Micela, G., Negueruela, I., Prusti, T., Rix, H-W, Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E., Prieto, C. Allende, Babusiaux, C., Bensby, T., Blomme, R., Bragaglia, A., Flaccomio, E., Francois, P., Hambly, N., Irwin, M., Koposov, S., Korn, Andreas, Lanzafame, A., Pancino, F., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Van Eck, S., Walton, N., Bergemann, M., Costado, M. T., de Laverny, P., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jackson, R., Jofre, P., Lewis, J., Lind, K., Lardo, C., Magrini, L., Masseron, T., Prisinzano, L., and Worley, C.
Abstract: The Gaia-ESO Survey is a large public spectroscopic survey that aims to derive radial velocities and fundamental parameters of about 10(5) Milky Way stars in the field and in clusters. Observations are carried out with the multi-object optical spectrograph FLAMES, using simultaneously the medium-resolution (R similar to 20 000) GIRAFFE spectrograph and the high-resolution (R similar to 47 000) UVES spectrograph. In this paper we describe the methods and the software used for the data reduction, the derivation of the radial velocities, and the quality control of the FLAMES-UVES spectra. Data reduction has been performed using a workflow specifically developed for this project. This workflow runs the ESO public pipeline optimizing the data reduction for the Gaia-ESO Survey, automatically performs sky subtraction, barycentric correction and normalisation, and calculates radial velocities and a first guess of the rotational velocities. The quality control is performed using the output parameters from the ESO pipeline, by a visual inspection of the spectra and by the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. Using the observations of the first 18 months, specifically targets observed multiple times at different epochs, stars observed with both GIRAFFE and UVES, and observations of radial velocity standards, we estimated the precision and the accuracy of the radial velocities. The statistical error on the radial velocities is sigma similar to 0.4 km s(-1) and is mainly due to uncertainties in the zero point of the wavelength calibration. However, we found a systematic bias with respect to the GIRAFFE spectra (similar to 0.9 km s(-1)) and to the radial velocities of the standard stars (similar to 0.5 km s(-1)) retrieved from the literature. This bias will be corrected in the future data releases, when a common zero point for all the set-ups and instruments used for the survey is be established.
Published: 2014
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39. The Gaia-ESO Survey : radial metallicity gradients and age-metallicity relation of stars in the Milky Way disk

Author: Bergemann, M., Ruchti, G. R., Serenelli, A., Feltzing, S., Alves-Brito, A., Asplund, M., Bensby, T., Gruyters, Pieter, Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Korn, Andreas, Lind, K., Marino, A., Jofre, P., Nordlander, T., Ryde, N., Worley, C. C., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Ferguson, A. M. N., Jeffries, R. D., Micela, G., Negueruela, I., Prusti, T., Rix, H. -W, Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Bragaglia, A., Koposov, S. E., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Walton, N., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Hill, V., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Magrini, L., Maiorca, E., Masseron, T., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G., Kordopatis, G., Tautvaisiene, G., Bergemann, M., Ruchti, G. R., Serenelli, A., Feltzing, S., Alves-Brito, A., Asplund, M., Bensby, T., Gruyters, Pieter, Heiter, Ulrike, Hourihane, A., Korn, Andreas, Lind, K., Marino, A., Jofre, P., Nordlander, T., Ryde, N., Worley, C. C., Gilmore, G., Randich, S., Ferguson, A. M. N., Jeffries, R. D., Micela, G., Negueruela, I., Prusti, T., Rix, H. -W, Vallenari, A., Alfaro, E. J., Allende Prieto, C., Bragaglia, A., Koposov, S. E., Lanzafame, A. C., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Walton, N., Costado, M. T., Franciosini, E., Hill, V., Lardo, C., de Laverny, P., Magrini, L., Maiorca, E., Masseron, T., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G., Kordopatis, G., and Tautvaisiene, G.
Abstract: We study the relationship between age, metallicity, and alpha-enhancement of FGK stars in the Galactic disk. The results are based upon the analysis of high-resolution UVES spectra from the Gaia-ESO large stellar survey. We explore the limitations of the observed dataset, i.e. the accuracy of stellar parameters and the selection effects that are caused by the photometric target preselection. We find that the colour and magnitude cuts in the survey suppress old metal-rich stars and young metal-poor stars. This suppression may be as high as 97% in some regions of the age-metallicity relationship. The dataset consists of 144 stars with a wide range of ages from 0.5 Gyr to 13.5 Gyr, Galactocentric distances from 6 kpc to 9.5 kpc, and vertical distances from the plane 0 < vertical bar Z vertical bar < 1.5 kpc. On this basis, we find that i) the observed age-metallicity relation is nearly flat in the range of ages between 0 Gyr and 8 Gyr; ii) at ages older than 9 Gyr, we see a decrease in [Fe/H] and a clear absence of metal-rich stars; this cannot be explained by the survey selection functions; iii) there is a significant scatter of [Fe/H] at any age; and iv) [Mg/Fe] increases with age, but the dispersion of [Mg/Fe] at ages > 9 Gyr is not as small as advocated by some other studies. In agreement with earlier work, we find that radial abundance gradients change as a function of vertical distance from the plane. The [Mg/Fe] gradient steepens and becomes negative. In addition, we show that the inner disk is not only more alpha-rich compared to the outer disk, but also older, as traced independently by the ages and Mg abundances of stars.
Published: 2014
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40. The Gaia-ESO Survey : the most metal-poor stars in the Galactic bulge

Author: Howes, L. M., Asplund, M., Casey, A. R., Keller, S. C., Yong, D., Gilmore, G., Lind, Karin, Worley, C., Bessell, M. S., Casagrande, L., Marino, A. F., Nataf, D. M., Owen, C. I., Da Costa, G. S., Schmidt, B. P., Tisserand, P., Randich, S., Feltzing, S., Vallenari, A., Allende Prieto, C., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Korn, Andreas J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Bergemann, M., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Magrini, L., Maiorca, E., Masseron, T., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Minniti, D., Zoccali, M., Howes, L. M., Asplund, M., Casey, A. R., Keller, S. C., Yong, D., Gilmore, G., Lind, Karin, Worley, C., Bessell, M. S., Casagrande, L., Marino, A. F., Nataf, D. M., Owen, C. I., Da Costa, G. S., Schmidt, B. P., Tisserand, P., Randich, S., Feltzing, S., Vallenari, A., Allende Prieto, C., Bensby, T., Flaccomio, E., Korn, Andreas J., Pancino, E., Recio-Blanco, A., Smiljanic, R., Bergemann, M., Costado, M. T., Damiani, F., Heiter, Ulrike, Hill, V., Hourihane, A., Jofre, P., Lardo, C., de laverny, P., Magrini, L., Maiorca, E., Masseron, T., Morbidelli, L., Sacco, G. G., Minniti, D., and Zoccali, M.
Abstract: We present the first results of the EMBLA survey (Extremely Metal-poor BuLge stars with AAOmega), aimed at finding metal-poor stars in the Milky Way bulge, where the oldest stars should now preferentially reside. EMBLA utilizes SkyMapper photometry to pre-select metal-poor candidates, which are subsequently confirmed using AAOmega spectroscopy. We describe the discovery and analysis of four bulge giants with -2.72 <= [Fe/H] <= -2.48, the lowest metallicity bulge stars studied with high-resolution spectroscopy to date. Using FLAMES/UVES spectra through the Gaia-ESO Survey we have derived abundances of twelve elements. Given the uncertainties, we find a chemical similarity between these bulge stars and halo stars of the same metallicity, although the abundance scatter may be larger, with some of the stars showing unusual [alpha/Fe] ratios.
Published: 2014
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41. The Gaia-ESO Survey : Separating disk chemical substructures with cluster models. Evidence of a separate evolution in the metal-poor thin disk

Author: Vanessa Hill, E. Franciosini, P. de Laverny, Mathias Schultheis, John D. Lewis, Carmela Lardo, Georges Kordopatis, M. T. Costado, Simone Zaggia, Sofia Randich, Cristina Chiappini, Karin Lind, Gerard Gilmore, A. Hourihane, Sergey E. Koposov, Laura Magrini, Lorenzo Monaco, Alejandra Recio-Blanco, Šarūnas Mikolaitis, Thomas Bensby, Guillaume Guiglion, C. C. Worley, Paula Jofre, Emilio J. Alfaro, A. Rojas-Arriagada, G. G. Sacco, L. Morbidelli, Rojas-Arriagada A., Recio-Blanco A., De Laverny P., Schultheis M., Guiglion G., Mikolaitis S., Kordopatis G., Hill V., Gilmore G., Randich S., Alfaro E.J., Bensby T., Koposov S.E., Costado M.T., Franciosini E., Hourihane A., Jofre P., Lardo C., Lewis J., Lind K., Magrini L., Monaco L., Morbidelli L., Sacco G.G., Worley C.C., Zaggia S., and Chiappini C.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Metallicity, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi, 0103 physical sciences, Thick disk, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, stellar content [Galaxy], Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Disc, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Red clump, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Galaxy: stellar content, Stars: abundances, abundances [Galaxy], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Scale height, Galaxy: abundance, abundances [stars], Stars, Thin disk, formation [Galaxy], Galaxy: formation, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Halo, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Context. Recent spectroscopic surveys have begun to explore the Galactic disk system on the basis of large data samples, with spatial distributions sampling regions well outside the solar neighborhood. In this way, they provide valuable information for testing spatial and temporal variations of disk structure kinematics and chemical evolution. Aims: The main purposes of this study are to demonstrate the usefulness of a rigorous mathematical approach to separate substructures of a stellar sample in the abundance-metallicity plane, and provide new evidence with which to characterize the nature of the metal-poor end of the thin disk sequence. Methods: We used a Gaussian mixture model algorithm to separate in the [Mg/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] plane a clean disk star subsample (essentially at R_GC<< 10 kpc) from the Gaia-ESO survey (GES) internal data release 2 (iDR2). We aim at decomposing it into data groups highlighting number density and/or slope variations in the abundance-metallicity plane. An independent sample of disk red clump stars from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) was used to cross-check the identified features. Results: We find that the sample is separated into five groups associated with major Galactic components; the metal-rich end of the halo, the thick disk, and three subgroups for the thin disk sequence. This is confirmed with the sample of red clump stars from APOGEE. The three thin disk groups served to explore this sequence in more detail. The two metal-intermediate and metal-rich groups of the thin disk decomposition ([Fe/H] > -0.25 dex) highlight a change in the slope at solar metallicity. This holds true at different radial regions of the Milky Way. The distribution of Galactocentric radial distances of the metal-poor part of the thin disk ([Fe/H] < -0.25 dex) is shifted to larger distances than those of the more metal-rich parts. Moreover, the metal-poor part of the thin disk presents indications of a scale height intermediate between those of the thick and the rest of the thin disk, and it displays higher azimuthal velocities than the latter. These stars might have formed and evolved in parallel and/or dissociated from the inside-out formation taking place in the internal thin disk. Their enhancement levels might be due to their origin from gas pre-enriched by outflows from the thick disk or the inner halo. The smooth trends of their properties (their spatial distribution with respect to the plane, in particular) with [Fe/H] and [Mg/Fe] suggested by the data indicates a quiet dynamical evolution, with no relevant merger events. Based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 188.B-3002. These data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council.
Published: 2016

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