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Purpose: The role of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (LPL) in the management of renal stones is evolving. One of the challenges in LPL for renal stones is patients with intrarenal pelvis. Here we present our experience with laparoscopic pyelolithotomy for the management of renal stones with intrarenal pelvis anatomy.Materials and Methods: Patients candidate for laparoscopic pyelolithotomy from February 2014 to March 2015 were included. Intrarenal pelvis was defined as > 50% of the renal pelvis area contained inside renal parenchyma. Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy was done by transperitoneal approach. Residual stones were checked by computed tomography and/or intravenous pyelography and ultrasonography 6 weeks after the operation.Results: 28 patients were included in this study. The mean±SD of patients' age was 45.8±12.5 years. 19 patients (68%) were male. Stone locations were pelvis, multiple, and staghorn in 22, 3, and 3 patients respectively. The mean±SD of operation duration was 160±48 minutes. Residual stones were observed in 3 patients with multiple (n=2) or staghorn (n=1) stones. Urinary leak was observed in 3 patients and was managed conservatively in 2 patients. In one patient ureteral stent was inserted by cystoscopy. No conversion to open surgery or re-operation occurred.Conclusion: Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy is a feasible operation for patients with renal stones and intrarenal pelvis in centers with adequate experience in laparoscopy. However, the success of LPL decreases in patients with multiple stones and intrarenal pelvis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laparoscopic pyelolithotomy has recently been introduced for renal stones. However, the use of this technique is limited in patients with history of extensive abdominal surgeries. We present a case of right side staghorn renal stone with history of abdominal open cystectomy who underwent laparoscopic pyelolithotomy with uneventful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 37-year-old man presented with a hard large mass in the right testis. The patient's pathologic examination result reveals that he has teratoma along with choriocarcinoma and was followed up with laboratory tests and computed tomography (CT). It notes that the patient has underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection and was administered with postoperative chemotherapy using four courses of of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin regimen.

The article presents a case study of a 53-year-old man who presented with a history of pain and a palpable mass in the left side of the abdomen. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on the patient, which revealed a complex cyst in the left side of the abdominal cavity. It notes that the patient suffered from cystic pheochromocytoma, and that the cyst was surgically removed through a thoracoabdominal incision.

Purpose: To compare the outcome of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) using split or intact Amplatz sheath. Materials and Methods: Seventy two patients who underwent PCNL were randomly divided into two groups; PCNL using intact (group 1) and split (group 2) Amplatz sheath. Preoperative data, operative time, largest extracted stone size, fluoroscopy and lithotripsy time, and serum biochemistry tests before and after PCNL were evaluated. Results: Preoperative features and stone size were not significantly different between the groups. There were no significant differences in complications and postoperative changes in hemoglobin and serum electrolytes. Stone free rate in group 2 (88.1%) was insignificantly higher than group 1 (83.3%) (p = .05), but in staghorn stones and stones larger than 1000 mm2, stone free rate in group 2 was significantly higher than group 1 (82% vs. 72%). The mean extracted stone size in group 2 (150 ± 49mm2) was significantly larger than group 1 (40 ± 16 mm2) (p < .005). The mean operative, lithotripsy and fluoroscopy times were significantly longer in group 1. Conclusion: Using split Amplatz sheath in PCNL facilitates extraction of larger stone fragments which could contribute to shorter fluoroscopy, lithotripsy and operative times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Data registries are organized systems that facilitate collection, storage, and analysis of data related to a specific disease in a defined population. Here we introduce a data registry system which was designed to cover the four most common urologic cancers (prostate, bladder, renal and testis).Materials and Methods: All contributing centers can enter data into the system after logging in with their unique usernames and passwords. In this system, the information of each individual patient will be entered in several structured forms covering various steps of management of the patients.Results: Our proposed registry is an interactive, web-based database designed to collect complete data of patients with common urological cancers. We devised a council that functions as the central committee that will initiate, supervise, and monitor all steps of the projects including data collection, data audit, as well as data analysis and publication. To facilitate manuscript publication, the system will provide assistance and support throughout all the steps of statistical analysis and manuscript preparation.Conclusion: This proposed registry can have a national target and is designed to provide evidence-based information that could support strategic planning and national multi-centric studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 46-year-old man with a history of bilateral laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty with left flank pain. He underwent intravenous urography (IVU) and isotope scan due to severe dilation of pyelocalyceal system that reveals the tightening of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ). The patient was required for laparoscopic dissection through fibrous tissue with a follow-up ureteroscopy.

Purpose: Our goal was to present our experience with ultrasound guided supine or prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy in three pregnant women under spinal anesthesia.Materials and Methods: Three pregnant women in the 16th, 20th and 28th weeks of pregnancy presented with symptomatic large renal stone in the first patient and multiple renal stones in the second and third patients which were unresponsive to conventional medical therapy. They requested a definitive stone treatment. The operations were done in November 2012, June 2014 and February 2015. Data was gathered prospectively. All steps of gaining access to the pyelocalyceal system including needle insertion, tract dilation, and Amplatz sheath placement were performed under ultrasonography guidance. Tract was dilated with a single shot technique. The first two procedures were performed in supine position and the third procedure was performed in lateral flank position.Results: Two patients were stone-free postoperatively and one patient had only an asymptomatic 4 mm residual stone. They were discharged on the 2nd postoperative day and had an uneventful postoperative course. No fever, bleeding or renal colic was noticed during postoperative hospitalization. All patients delivered their fetuses at term without any abnormality reported by the examining pediatric specialist after their birth.Conclusion: Ultrasonography can be used as an imaging modality guiding all steps of obtaining percutaneous access in pregnant women. Supine or flank ultrasound guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy can be offered to pregnant women in whom conservative measures fail to the patients' wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 38-year-old man with history of mixed germ cell tumor on the left undescended testis who underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). It states that he was schedule for RPLND after receiving four courses of chemotherapy. It mentions that complete bilateral RPLND was carried out and pathology report showed embryonal carcinoma and immature teratoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous single-donor fibrin glue after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Materials and Methods: Forty-three patients were planned for tubeless PCNL in a prospective cohort study and randomized in two groups with or without using fibrin glue. Randomization method was based on the computer-generated random numbers.Results: Transfusion, urinary leakage, or major complications were found in neither of the groups. There was no difference between two groups in stone free rate (P = .53), and changes in hemoglobin (P = .61) and serum creatinine (P = .63) level.Conclusion: Although autologous fibrin glue did not play any significant role in improving results or decreasing complications after tubeless PCNL in our study, its use was safe and did not increase complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous single-donor fibrin glue after tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Materials and Methods: Forty-three patients were planned for tubeless PCNL in a prospective cohort study and randomized in two groups with or without using fibrin glue. Randomization method was based on the computer-generated random numbers. Results: Transfusion, urinary leakage, or major complications were found in neither of the groups. There was no difference between two groups in stone free rate (P = .53), and changes in hemoglobin (P = .61) and serum creatinine (P = .63) level. Conclusion: Although autologous fibrin glue did not play any significant role in improving results or decreasing complications after tubeless PCNL in our study, its use was safe and did not increase complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare two matched groups of men with bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) who underwent prostate-sparing cystectomy (PSC) or conventional radical cystoprostatectomy (CRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-three men who have undergone PSC with the diagnosis of bladder TCC (Ta-T2) from 2003 to 2008 in Tehran, Iran were included in the study as the experimental group. The control group composed of 27 men with comparable tumor characteristics and age range, who had non-nerve-sparing radical cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic ileal W pouch reconstruction in the same center. All the procedures were performed by the same surgical group under the supervision of different attending staff. RESULTS: Mean follow-up period was 39 months in PSC and 35 months in CRC group. The 5-year overall survival was 47% and 30% in PSC and CRC groups, respectively. Median survival was 48 months in PSC and 36 months in CRC group, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (P > .05). Impotence was observed in 16.6% in PSC and in 83.3% in CRC group (P = .002). Mean International Index of Erectile Function-5 score of the PSC group was 19.8 compared with 5.7 in the CRC group (P = .003). Only one patient in each group was completely incontinent. Urethral anastomosis stricture occurred in 2 patients in CRC group. CONCLUSION: Patients who underwent PSC did not show decreased overall survival compared to CRC, which provided better functional results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and open bladder cuff excision for management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, who had undergone laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and open bladder cuff excision between September 2004 and October 2010, were studied retrospectively. Operation time, blood loss, analgesic dose, and complications were recorded. Local and port site recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival rate were also evaluated. RESULTS: Patients consisted of 18 men and 4 women, with the mean age of 64.1 years (range, 52 to 83 years). Right upper urinary tract was the involved site in 12 patients and left in 10 patients. Mean operation time was 216 minutes (range, 145 to 395 minutes) and mean hospital stay was 4.3 days. Mean follow-up period was 36.57 months (range, 6 to 65 months). No trocar site recurrence occurred. Three-year overall survival and metastasis-free survival were 95% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy along with open bladder cuff excision harbors an advantage of laparoscopy concomitant with simplicity and safety of open excision of distal ureter and bladder cuff through the same inevitable incision that is needed for specimen retrieval, without adding any more morbidity to the patient, a win-win radical surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare two matched groups of men with bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) who underwent prostate-sparing cystectomy (PSC) or conventional radical cystoprostatectomy (CRC). Materials and Methods: Twenty-three men who have undergone PSC with the diagnosis of bladder TCC (Ta-T2) from 2003 to 2008 in Tehran, Iran were included in the study as the experimental group. The control group composed of 27 men with comparable tumor characteristics and age range, who had non-nerve-sparing radical cystoprostatectomy and orthotopic ileal W pouch reconstruction in the same center. All the procedures were performed by the same surgical group under the supervision of different attending staff. Results: Mean follow-up period was 39 months in PSC and 35 months in CRC group. The 5-year overall survival was 47% and 30% in PSC and CRC groups, respectively. Median survival was 48 months in PSC and 36 months in CRC group, using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis (P > .05). Impotence was observed in 16.6% in PSC and in 83.3% in CRC group (P = .0002). Mean International Index of Erectile Function-5 score of the PSC group was 19.8 compared with 5.7 in the CRC group (P = .003). Only one patient in each group was completely incontinent. Urethral anastomosis stricture occurred in 2 patients in CRC group. Conclusion: Patients who underwent PSC did not show decreased overall survival compared to CRC, which provided better functional results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and open bladder cuff excision for management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, who had undergone laparoscopic nephroureterectomy and open bladder cuff excision between September 2004 and October 2010, were studied retrospectively. Operation time, blood loss, analgesic dose, and complications were recorded. Local and port site recurrence, distant metastasis, and survival rate were also evaluated. Results: Patients consisted of 18 men and 4 women, with the mean age of 64.1 years (range, 52 to 83 years). Right upper urinary tract was the involved site in 12 patients and left in 10 patients. Mean operation time was 216 minutes (range, 145 to 395 minutes) and mean hospital stay was 4.3 days. Mean follow-up period was 36.57 months (range, 6 to 65 months). No trocar site recurrence occurred. Three-year overall survival and metastasis-free survival were 95% and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy along with open bladder cuff excision harbors an advantage of laparoscopy concomitant with simplicity and safety of open excision of distal ureter and bladder cuff through the same inevitable incision that is needed for specimen retrieval, without adding any more morbidity to the patient, a win-win radical surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (LRPLND) using bipolar electrocoagulation instead of clipping the lym-phatic vessels. Materials and Methods: Between August 2002 and April 2008, a total of 13 pa-tients underwent transperitoneal LPRLND for nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the testis. In this experience, in contrast to other techniques, we did not use clips for ligation of the lymphatic vessels; instead, we used bipolar cautery for coagulation of the lymphatic vessels. We followed up the patients for lymphocele formation or lymphatic leakage using abdominal computed tomography scan. Results: Mean age of the patients was 24.2 years (range, 19 to 39 years). Six tumors were on the left side and 7 on the right. Pathological stage was I in 12 pa-tients and IIA in one. The mean follow-up period was 29.9 months (range, 3 to 70 months). No re-operation was required. There was no prolonged lymphatic leak-age or lymphocele formation during the follow-up period. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that using bipolar electrocoagulation instead of clips, for sealing of the lymphatic vessels during LRPLND, does not hamper the outcome of the procedure. This should be further evaluated in randomized clinical trials with more subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To compare the outcome of corporeal plication using absorbable versus nonabsorbable sutures for the treatment of congenital penile curvature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight men older than 15 years old with congenital penile curvature were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups based on the suture material (Nylon versus Vicryl) used in corporeal plication. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 8.1 ± 1.4 months (range, 6 to 9.1 months). A standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate long-term outcome and patient's satisfaction. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (17 in Vicryl group and 18 in Nylon group) completed the study. Mean age of the patients and degree of penile curvature were not significantly different between the two groups (P = .74). Postoperatively, 15 (88.2%) and 16 (88.9%) patients in Vicryl and Nylon groups had 75% or greater correction in penile curvature, respectively (P = .61). Patient's satisfaction rate differed between two groups (82% in Vicryl group versus 66% in Nylon group), which did not reach statistical significance (P = .44). Palpable sutures were reported by 7 (39%) patients in Nylon group and only 1 (6%) in Vicryl group (P = .04). Shortening of penile length was reported by 3 (16.7%) patients in Nylon group and 4 (23.5%) in Vicryl group (P = .69). CONCLUSION: Corporeal plication technique using absorbable suture provides reasonable success rate with less frequent palpable suture knots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the outcome of corporeal plication using absorbable versus nonabsorbable sutures for the treatment of congenital penile curvature. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight men older than 15 years old with congenital penile curvature were enrolled in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups based on the suture material (Nylon versus Vicryl) used in corporeal plication. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 8.1 ± 1.4 months (range, 6 to 9.1 months). A standardized questionnaire was used to evaluate long-term outcome and patient's satisfaction. Results: Thirty-five patients (17 in Vicryl group and 18 in Nylon group) completed the study. Mean age of the patients and degree of penile curvature were not significantly different between the two groups (P = .74). Postoperatively, 15 (88.2%) and 16 (88.9%) patients in Vicryl and Nylon groups had 75% or greater correction in penile curvature, respectively (P = .61). Patient's satisfaction rate differed between two groups (82% in Vicryl group versus 66% in Nylon group), which did not reach statistical significance (P = .44). Palpable sutures were reported by 7 (39%) patients in Nylon group and only 1 (6%) in Vicryl group (P = .04). Shortening of penile length was reported by 3 (16.7%) patients in Nylon group and 4 (23.5%) in Vicryl group (P = .69). Conclusion: Corporeal plication technique using absorbable suture provides reasonable success rate with less frequent palpable suture knots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: While medical and surgical approaches to urolithiasis are different for single and recurrent stone former (RSF), the RSF definition itself is commonly overlooked. Moreover, despite consensus on association between family history (FH) and urolithiasis, more epidemiologic evidence is required to clarify the nature of this relationship. Our purpose was to propose a more precise definition of RSF, and also to investigate how family history may affect urolithiasis. Materials and Methods: Using a multistage stratified sampling in 4 seasonal phases, 6127 subjects with imaging-proven urolithiasis were detected in 12 Iranian regions. The FH of urolithiasis and the average interval between episodes (cycles) were determined by an informed interview. Results: Of 6127 patients with the mean age of 41.8 +/- 15.1 years, 42% had FH, and 22.2% were RSF of whom 61% were men. The patients with FH had a greater chance of recurrence (OR = 1.2, 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.1 to 1.4). Furthermore, patients with positive FH had more episodes (P = .0001), comparable cycles and younger ages at the onset (P = .02) than those patients without a FH. In the RSF group, the 90th percentiles of the cycle were 60 months and the estimated mean stone cycle for the population was 25.34 months (99% CI, 23.0 to 27.7). Conclusion: Family history seems very common in Iranian population and is a risk factor for recurrence. Moreover, RSF could be identified by the estimated average cycle in the population (25.3 months) or by the percentiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While medical and surgical approaches to urolithiasis are different for single and recurrent stone former (RSF), the RSF definition itself is commonly overlooked. Moreover, despite consensus on association between family history (FH) and urolithiasis, more epidemiologic evidence is required to clarify the nature of this relationship. Our purpose was to propose a more precise definition of RSF, and also to investigate how family history may affect urolithiasis. Materials and Methods: Using a multistage stratified sampling in 4 seasonal phases, 6 127 subjects with imaging-proven urolithiasis were detected in 12 Iranian regions. The FH of urolithiasis and the average interval between episodes (cycles) were determined by an informed interview. Results: Of 6 127 patients with the mean (± SD) age of 41.8 ± 15.1 years, 42% had FH, and 22.2% were RSF of whom 61% were men. The patients with FH had a greater chance of recurrence (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.4). Furthermore, patients with positive FH had more episodes (P = .0001), comparable cycles and younger ages at the onset (P = .02) than those patients without a FH. In the RSF group, the 90th percentiles of the cycle were 60 months and the estimated mean stone cycle for the population was 25.34 months (99% CI: 23.0 to 27.7). Conclusion: Family history seems very common in Iranian population and is a risk factor for recurrence. Moreover, RSF could be identified by the estimated average cycle in the population (25.3 months) or by the percentiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]