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Background: Cervical radiculopathy is a condition of pain and sensorimotor deficits due to cervical nerve root compression. The symptoms may include weakness, tingling, numbness and pain. C6, C7 nerve roots are most involved in cervical radiculopathy. Various modalities and therapeutic interventions are used and recommended for management of cervical radiculopathy including cervical collars, immobilization, manipulation, cervical traction TENS and therapeutic exercises.The aimof this study is to evaluate the efficacy of neurodynamics in comparison to manual traction in the management of cervical radiculopathy. Methods: An Interventional research was performed in the Department of Physiotherapy, Mayo hospital Lahore, Pakistan. 40 subjects aged between 18-60 years participated in the study. They were divided into two groups namely Group A and Group B with 20 subjects in each group. The duration of the study was 4 weeks with 4 sessions per week. GroupA received neurodynamics along with strengthening exercises while Group B received manual traction along with strengthening exercises. Neck Disability Index (NDI) scale was used as an outcome measure andpaired sample t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: A significant improvement was found in both neurodynamics group and manual traction group for pain and functional status with p value< 0.05. Conclusion: This study concluded that the treatment techniques, neurodynamics and manual traction were effective in alleviating the symptoms associated with cervical radiculopathy in terms of decreasing pain intensity, increasing ranges of motion and improving functional capacity.

Background: Cervical pain is a common condition and almost two thirds of population suffers with this condition. Cervical region is the commonest region for non-traumatic neck pain. Neck pain generates many muscular disturbances in the neck region and may result in tightness of muscles of cervical region. Stretching is considered as an effective mean of treating cervical pain. Isometric exercise is used to enhance the performance of muscles because it provides strength required to perform dynamic exercise. Both of the regimens either separately or combined are used in clinical settings to treat nonspecific cervical pain. This study aims to compare the results of cervical isometrics with and without stretching exercises in reducing non-specific cervical pain Methods: A randomized controlled trial research was performed at physiotherapy department of Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. A convenience sample of 40 participants was divided into two groups. The cervical isometric exercise was applied to group A and stretching plus isometric exercise to group B for 3 weeks. Nonspecific neck pain was analyzed by using visual analogue scale and goniometry for pre and post treatment assessment. Results: Isometric exercises play an effective role in relieving pain (p value is 0.03) and minimizing inability of the body to perform functional activities (p value is 0.004) in contrast to the patients of group A. Isometric exercises were applied to the patients of group A (Level of pain: pain value is 0.172) and (physical inability to perform functional activities has P value 0.201). Conclusion: The result showed that the patients with the complain of non-specific neck discomfort who were treated by cervical isometric alone, showed less improvement in pain relief in contrast to the patients who were treated by the cervical isometric long with stretching.

Background: Upper cross syndrome is becoming more prevalent in today’s population. The syndrome is expressed as a postural disorder presenting with over active pectoralis musculature and upper trapezius musculature. Also there is inhibition of lower and middle trapezius musculature, which results in winging of scapula, elevated and abducted scapula. This scapulardyskinesia there by resulted inrounding of shoulders. The syndrome is often associated with bad posture in routine life oroccupation of a person.The purpose of the study is to determine the prevalence of upper cross syndrome in medical students of Lahore. Methods: A convenience sample of 384 medical students was selected from university of Lahore, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Medical students of age between 17 to 2 years with sound physical and mental state were included. Students with any trauma, recent injury, recent fracture or surgery and any serious underlying pathology that may interfere with mobility of upper limb were excluded from the study. The research was a cross sectional observational study and self-administered questionnaires were circulated among participants and the data was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Reed-co scale was used to analyze the proper alignment of head, neck and shoulder; where as wall push test was used to assess the abnormal protrusion of scapula. Results: The study have revealed that48.7% population of the students haveneck pain;and the results have concluded that high prevalence of upper cross syndrome in medical students of university of Lahore and a 66.8% of population was found to have poor studying posture. Conclusion: In this study relation between upper cross syndrome and bad posture were seen and it was found that the individuals suffering with upper cross syndrome were somehow related to bad posture or indulge in activities which make individual to adopt a posture of high physiologic cost there by leading to muscular imbalance that will yield upper cross syndrome and prevalence of upper cross syndrome in medical students of University of Lahore was found to be 37.1%.

Background: Froze shoulder in other words adhesive capsulitis is a condition characterized by progressive loss of shoulder mobility with general symptoms of pain, limited range of motion and altered scapula thoracic rhythm. The condition is mostly treated by using traditional physical therapy measures the study was conducted with the aim to determine the efficacy of routine physical therapy treatment with and without Kaltenborn mobilization in reducing pain and increasing shoulder mobility in frozen shoulder patients. Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Physiotherapy mayo Hospital Lahore. A sample of 60 patients was collected by using non-probability, convenience sampling without any discrimination regarding, social economic status, education, out of which there were 8 drop outs. Sample was distributed in two groups (26 participants each) i.e. experimental group receiving routine physical therapy and Kaltenborn Mobilization technique and control group receiving the routine physical therapy only. Participants were recruited based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic data and data regarding pain relief was collected using self-made questionnaire and penn shoulder scale questionnaire respectively. Results: Results were evaluated by using SPSS version 19.1 it was seen that range of motion of cervical region was greater for the experimental group than control group. The maximum PENN score achieved in control group were 51 however for experimental group the value was 64. Conclusion: It was concluded that kaltenborn mobilization is an effective means of treating frozen shoulder and when combined with routine physical therapy gives better results.

Background: Diabetes has become a very common disease all over the world since last few decades and is now perceived as a global health disorder. Diabetes mellitus is identified on the basis of constant high concentration of blood glucose level and it mainly occurs due to deficiency of the pancreatic hormone insulin. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an improved form of interval trainings, and exercise strategies which alternate the periods of small intense anaerobic exercise by less-intense regaining periods. The study aimed to compare the hematological parameters associated with diabetes and muscle activity between healthy humans and diabetic type-1 patients when subjected to HIIT and regular aerobic exercises. Methods: A convenience sample of total 60 participants was taken it comprised of thirty healthy individuals taken from the department of Physical Therapy, University of Sargodha, Lahore campus and thirty diabetic type-1 individuals of age 15-30 years taken from Akhuwat health services clinic Township, Lahore. Participants were divided into four groups of fifteen individuals each. Group one was the diabetic HIIT (DH) group with diabetic type-1 patients subjected to HIIT. Group two was the diabetic aerobic (DA) group with diabetic type-1 patients subjected to regular aerobic exercises. Group three was control High intensity interval training (HH) that consisted of fifteen healthy individuals to be subjected to High intensity interval training exercises (HIIT). Group four (HA) was the control aerobic group with fifteen healthy individuals of average lifestyles subjected to regular aerobic exercises. Results: Aerobic exercise was found to be more effective in reducing glucose level, lowering exogenous insulin and glycated hemoglobin, however HIIT proved to be more effective in lowering blood cholesterol level and decrease LDL level and increase HDL level. Conclusion: It was concluded that aerobic exercise program in comparison to high intensity interval training showed better results in lowering blood glucose levels and HbA1c levels. So we may suggest aerobic exercise program along with drugs as a synergic therapy to control diabetes and its complications.

Background: Urinary incontinence is a common condition among females and it is estimated that 20-40% females of age under 60 years suffer with urinary incontinence however for the females above 60 years the percentage is 30-50%. Keegal exercises are used to strengthen pelvic floor muscles which ultimately treats and reduces urinary incontinence. It is pretty definite that women with diabetes mellitus at advanced phases of age suffer with urine incontinence, but the severity of matter has yet been considered enough to put forth the cautionary measures to evade such concerns. Purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of pelvic floor exercises on the urinary incontinence in diabetic women. Methods: To evaluate the effect of Keegeal exercises (pelvic floor muscle exercises), quantitative research approach has been opted, in which patient were advised to perform the keegeal exercise for 3weekswith 4 weeks follow up. 45 diabetic women were recruited to analyze the effect of keegal exercises to minimize the risk of urine incontinence. In due course, three types of keegeal exercises have been proposed to analyze their effect on urine incontinence i.e. adductor strengthening, pelvic bridging, and draw in maneuver with a follow up of 4 weeks. Results: Reliability test was performed to evaluate the dependency between independent and dependent variable. Through ANOVA with Friedman's Test, it was observed that the data of correlation between the suggestive variables is highly significant. Cronbach’s Alpha test was performed which has concluded the results to 0.753 which is quite significant in context of research hypothesis and approving the fact the with keegeal exercise, urine incontinence can be reduced. Conclusion: With subjective research it was concluded that if the patient efficiently performs the exercise the urine incontinence can be improved.