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Introduction. Fractures of pelvic bones in children are rare and make up from 0.3 to 4% of all childhood trauma, 20% of children with polytrauma have pelvic ring injuries. Comparative studies of diagnostic capabilities of MRI and CT in sacral and acetabular fractures showed that about 37% of CT were missed, therefore the authors recommended MRI as the best method in visualizing pelvic fractures.Aim of this study is to show the capabilities of CT and MRI to improve recognition of pelvic fractures.Material and methods. In the period 2010–2019, 790 children with pelvic fractures as part of polytrauma were studied. The age of children was from 8.5 to 17 years, average 10.14 ± 1.4. Computed tomography with three-phase contrast was performed in all 790 patients on Brilliance 16 scanners. MRI was performed (n = 63) on a 3 T tomograph with obtaining multiplanar STIR, T1-, T2- and PD weighted images (VI) with signal suppression factor of adipose tissue, as well as 3D isotropic images.Results. On the polytrauma severity scale (ISS), the assessment of the condition of 790 children ranged from 23.54 to 27.5 (mean 25.77) points. The main mechanism of pelvic injury was road traffic accidents (pedestrian + passenger – 63.54% (n = 502), catatrauma was in second place – 32.66% (n = 258), followed by compression – 2.15% (n = 17) , sports injury – 0.38% (n = 3), other injury – 3.43% (n = 27). 73.26% (n = 578) had multiple pelvic fractures, 20.5% (n = 162) – complicated, – 22.3% (n = 176) unstable In 63 patients with damage to the anterior pelvic ring, according to CT, MRI revealed fractures of the posterior pelvic ring in 79.36% (n = 50).Conclusion. Children with polytrauma must undergo computed tomography to exclude not only all non-muscular-skeletal injuries, but also combined pelvic fractures. We believe that for the detection and assessment of bone fractures and concomitant injuries of other tissues and organs of the pelvis, in most cases, multiphase CT with intravenous contrast is a sufficient method. MRI is important for evaluating pelvic soft tissue structures such as tendons, ligaments, nerves and fascia, as well as detecting hidden / fine bone lesions.

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is the most common neurological damage in children that's why it is extremely important to identify and analyze biomarkers that can help in predicting patient's treatment and recovery in period of mTBI. Aim of this study is to verify a hypothesis that functional connectivity disturbances between intact cerebellum and DMN nodes are included in symptomatic manifestation of mTBI.Methods. 28 MR negative patients with mTBI were studied in age from 12 to 17 years (mean age – 14.7 years). The control group consisted of 23 healthy children. All MRI studies wereperformed on a Philips AchievadStream 3.0 T scanner equipped with a 32-channelPhilips dStream head coil. A 4 min rsfMRI gradient-echo echo planar imaging (EPI)sequence was acquired (TR = 3000 ms, echo time (TE) = 30 ms, 80 dynamics withdynamic scan time = 3 s). fMRI data were processed using functional connectivitytoolbox CONN.Results. No statistically significant differences in correlation strengths between control group and group of patients were detected as a result of DMN analysis. Intergroup seed-basedcorrelation ROI analysis revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05) differencein links between DMN regions and vermis (cerebellum): positive link in control group and negative link in groupof patients.Conclusions. The revealed changes in DMN neuronal connection and cerebellar regions in acute stage of mTBI patients can be an initial step of damages leading to cognitive deficit which can be developed in future.

Introduction. MDCT is more sensitive in pulmonary, pleural and bone injuries detection in patients with polytrauma than chest radiography. High-quality multiplanar reconstructions brought additional information to the diagnostic capabilities of this method. Purpose. Purpose of this publication was to analyze the data obtained during chest MDCT in children with polytrauma. Material and methods . 147 children aged from 6 months to 17 years with polytrauma and chest injuries were studied. MDCT was performed on Philips Brilliance CT 16 and 64. Results . We retrospectively evaluated CT and clinical data of 147 patients, the main reason of polytrauma were traffic accidents (n = 91 – 61.9%), the rest was caused by fall from a height (56 – 38.1%). In 80% of cases the injury was severe and complex with not only lungs and chest damage, but also with other parts of the body: the head, the stomach, the pelvis and the limbs. Among 147 patients, pulmonary parenchyma damages in the form of injuries, less gaps, were detected in 70% of cases, pneumothorax – in 30% of cases, hemothorax – in 15%. Conclusion . MDCT significantly improves the detection of pulmonary damage in blunt thoracic trauma due to better visualization of bone, soft tissues and blood vessels damage and the possibility of obtaining multiplanar image reconstructions. MDCT allows to identify lung contusions and to differentiate areas of atelectasis and tears, to evaluate and calculate their volumes, and therefore should always be used as a primary imaging method in patients with polytrauma.