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Air pollution is a risk for human health and for the preservation of materials in particular cultural heritage objects. This paper presents the main results obtained in the project carried out by the Lithuanian Theatre, Music and Cinema Museum (LTMCM) and NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research. The main goal of the project was to perform a screening study and characterization of the indoor air pollution in the LTMCM. The results are used to assess the indoor air quality with regard to the preservation of cultural heritage objects therein. Measurement of NO2, organic acids (i.e. acetic and formic acids), photo-oxidant effects of the environment, climate (temperature and relative humidity) and particulate matter deposition were performed in different indoor locations. Low concentration of outdoor generated pollutants such as NO2 was found in storage rooms whereas higher concentrations were determined in the in the exhibition area. The results indicate that the building envelope does not protect effectively against infiltration of outdoor pollutants such as NO2 and particles. Very high concentration of indoor generated pollutants such as acetic acid was found in one storage room with a significant source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The critical concern of modern airports is the air pollution generated by air traffic and its impact on the airport environment. Air pollution is an unavoidable consequence of air traffic, but it can be reduced in numerous ways, including technical innovations in aircraft design and legislation. This paper presents a model of air traffic assignment as a measure to mitigate the concentration of air traffic pollution. The air traffic assignment model was developed specifically for Nikola Tesla Airport but could easily be applied to other airports. The model is based on the categorisation of aircraft according to engine type and the assignment of specific runways for take-off and landing for each aircraft category. It incorporates two basic goals: to increase airport capacity and to reduce the pollution level in the area around the airport. Although these goals are contradictory, it has been shown in the case of Nikola Tesla Airport that the proposed air traffic assignment model successfully creates pollution level equilibrium in the area around the runway thresholds and an increase in airport capacity. The paper suggests pollution measurement points as the basis for a pollution management tool and system for daily air traffic pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper contains the results of experimental studies of the effect of moisture on nitrogen dioxide formation and on oxidation of NO to NO2 in laminar premixed flame of natural gas. The water vapor is shown to be the third very influential participant, along with fuel and oxidizer, in the combustion process. Injection of moisture into the combustion zone has an effect due to the insertion of additional quantities of HO2 - and OH- radicals into the process, which contributes to the intensification of the oxidation of NO to NO2. Introduction of the concept of the "excess moisture ratio" in the combustion process is proposed. The studies were executed at the laboratory installation in conditions of formation of the V-shaped laminar flame of natural gas behind a transverse cylindrical steel stabilizer, with determining the concentrations of flue gas components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the impact of butanol-diesel blends and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance, NOX emissions, smoke, and particulate matter (PM) characteristics were experimentally investigated under fuel post-injection condition. The maximum peak of cylinder pressure is achieved under without EGR compared with applied different rates of EGR. Furthermore, the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) increased during the combustion of B20 and B10 by 4.25% and 2.61%, respectively, compared with diesel fuel combustion. Considerable reductions in carbonaceous gas emissions (CO and THC) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) were achieved from combustion of B20 and B10 compared to the diesel fuel for with and without EGR. The NOX emissions decreased with 30% of EGR compared with 15% of EGR for all fuels studied. The results indicated that the addition butanol to the diesel fuel significantly reduced smoke opacity and soot emissions by 31.3% and 35.26%, respectively, compared with diesel. It is observed that an effective reduction of the NOX emissions to be higher during the combustion of B20 compared to the combustion of B10 and diesel for different EGR rates. The results of PM emission showed increase by 16% under 15% of EGR and 28% under 30% of EGR compared to the without EGR for all fuels tested. The number, concentration and size of PM decreased from combustion of B20 and B10 compared with diesel fuel combustion for with and without EGR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last decades, air pollution has become one of the greatest challenges negatively affecting human health and the entire environment, including air, water, soil, vegetation, and urban areas. Lately, special attention has been given to mathematical modelling for diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere as a particularly effective and efficient method that can be used to study, control and reduce air pollution. The diversity of models developed by different research groups imposed a rigorous understanding of model types in order to apply them correctly according to local or regional problems of air pollution phenomenon. Thus the authors have developed and improved two mathematical models for dispersion of air pollutants. This paper presents a case study of dispersion of powders in suspension originating from 14 point sources that correspond to 5 economic agents in the agroindustrial area of Vaslui city using a computer simulation based on the mathematical modelPol 15sm, for multiple point sources of pollution, designed by the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims at studying the problems of aviation noise and air, soil and water pollution in Tallinn Airport and the implementation of measures to make the airport more environmentally friendly. At present Tallinn Airport has two stationary noise level monitoring terminals and one mobile terminal for metering and modelling the noise level caused by aircraft taking-off and landing. Research shows that Tallinn Airport has not yet exceeded the noise limits stipulated by regulations. The area surrounding Tallinn Airport has been divided into four noise zones. Zone 1, where the noise level does not exceed 55 dB, is suitable for a majority of types of buildings, whereas Zone 4, where the noise level exceeds 70 dB and the highest level measured was 105 dB, is absolutely unacceptable as a building area. In recent years the number of flights flying over the residential areas of Tallinn has been reduced significantly, i.e. the number of flights taking off from runway 26 and landing on runway 08. In suitable weather conditions, noisy aircraft are directed to land on RWY 26 and take off from RWY08. Thanks to the measures mentioned above, air pollution from aircraft exhaust gases has been reduced considerably in Tallinn. After the completion of the military airfield at Ämari in the nearest future, it is going to be possible to transfer the cargo flights, usually made by large noisy jets, from Tallinn Airport to Änari. Various measures have also been taken to reduce the pollution of soil and water within the area of Tallinn Airport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The segment of transport is a significant part of social and economic infrastructure and has a direct impact on certain economic or social territory development. It is known that production and/or trading scale development in a specific territory leads to increased requirements for infrastructure as well as to arising environmental protection issues. Therefore, this paper addresses a very significant problem of constantly increasing vehicle numbers that decrease the permeability of roads and increase traffic jams, which consequently, have an impact on the pollution of the environment. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate bypasses and high-speed streets based on data on Vilnius City using the multi-criteria evaluation method and to verify the hypothesis of the authors. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Landscape Management is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyses the role of EU pollution strategies in reducing SO2 and NOX emissions in the EU. The environmental policies impact on the slope of Kuznets environmental curve is discussed. The use of economic mechanisms for SO2, NOX and other pollutants emission reduction is analysed based on experience of EU member states. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the impact of EU pollution reduction strategies on atmospheric emissions in Lithuania and to define the role of EU emission reduction policies on shifting environmental Kuznets curves of EU member states and Lithuania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A public motor road net crossing forest complexes influences the natural environment to a very high degree. Soils in roadside forest ecotone zones constitute a certain filter buffering chemical contamination generated by motor traffic. The aim of the paper is to present the methods of identification of transport contaminants influencing the roadside stand condition. The results of monitoring roadside ecotone zones indicate the necessity of applying such technical appliances as oil-derivative separators, filtering screens or geomembranes close to motor roads to limit the migration of chemical compounds and preserve the homeostasis of precious natural forest complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an overview of the various sources of air pollution and their impact on the environment and human health, distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic (man-made) sources. The study assessed the environmental impact of these sources – the overall level of air pollution, taking into account the predominant anthropo-genic source, such as emissions from vehicles and industrial activities. The important role of geographic information systems (GIS) in monitoring air pollution, performing spatial data analysis, and identifying pollution hotspots is emphasized. This method proposes to analyze the impact of the air quality result on public health and the environment. The main focus of the study is on the predominant pollutants in the atmosphere such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The object of the study was the Old Town of the city of Vilnius. A calculation model was created in the MatLab environment to determine the pollution. The results reveal trends in environmental indicators. In the Old Town, decreasing pollution levels of PM10 and CO are observed, and NO2 remained relatively constant from 2020 the month of January until 2022 December. The primary importance of environmental monitoring depends on government regulation, technological advancements, and public participation to effectively reduce air pollution and protect the environment. Article in English. Oro taršos šaltiniai ir jų poveikis aplinkai Santrauka Šiame darbe pateikiama įvairių oro taršos šaltinių ir jų poveikio aplinkai ir žmonių sveikatai apžvalga, išskiriant natūralius ir antropogeninius (žmogaus sukurtus) šaltinius. Tyrime įvertinta šių šaltinių įtaka aplinkai – bendras oro taršos lygis, atsižvelgiant į vyraujantį antropogeninį šaltinį, pvz., transporto priemonių išmetamus teršalus ir pramoninės veiklos atliekas. Pabrėžtas svarbus geografinės informacijos sistemų (GIS) vaidmuo stebint oro taršą, atliekant duomenų erdvinę analizę ir nustatant taršos židinius. Šiuo metodu siūloma analizuoti oro kokybės rezultato poveikį visuomenės sveikatai ir aplinkai. Atliekant tyrimą pagrindinis dėmesys skirtas vyraujantiems atmosferoje teršalams, tokiems kaip kietosios dalelės (PM), azoto oksidai (NOx) ir sieros dioksidas (SO2). Tyrimo objektu pasirinktas Vilniaus miesto senamiestis, taršai nustatyti sudarytas skaičiavimo modelis MatLab programos aplinkoje. Rezultatai atskleidžia aplinkosaugos rodiklių tendencijas. Senamiestyje pastebimas mažėjantis PM10 ir CO taršos lygis, o NO2 kiekis nuo 2020 m. sausio mėn. iki 2022 m. gruodžio mėn. išliko gana pastovus. Aplinkos stebėsenos svarba labiausiai priklauso nuo vyriausybės reguliavimo, technologijų pažangos ir visuomenės dalyvavimo siekiant veiksmingai sumažinti oro taršą ir apsaugoti aplinką. Reikšminiai žodžiai: oro tarša, antropogeniniai šaltiniai, kietosios dalelės (PM), azoto oksidas (NOx), sieros dioksidas (SO2), ozonas (O₃), geografinės informacinės sistemos (GIS).

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rise in freight passenger transportation is responsible for air pollution, green house gas emissions (especially CO2) and high fuel demand. New engine technology and fuels are discovered and tested throughout the world. Biodiesel, an alternative for diesel, has been seen as a solution. However, the amount of emissions generated by a biodiesel fueled vehicle has not been understood well since most research studies of this kind reported in the literature were conducted in the laboratory. In the present study, emissions (NOx, HC, CO, CO2 and PM) were measured from biodiesel fueled transit buses using an on-road emissions measuring device known as the Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS). On-road study is important in terms of understanding the amount of emissions generated under the real traffic and environmental conditions. Emissions were measured on buses fueled with regular diesel (B0), B10 blend (10% biodiesel + 90% diesel) and B20 blend (20% biodiesel + 80% diesel). This paper demonstrates the use of hybrid soft-computing techniques such as the neuro-fuzzy technique for developing emissions prediction models from real-world data. Hybrid soft-computing techniques have been shown to work well in handling data prone to noise and uncertainty, which is characteristic of real-world scenario. Two neuro-fuzzy methodologies were considered in this study: the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and the Dynamic Evolving Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (DENFIS). A brief review of model development, recommended parametric settings, and statistical evaluation of prediction performance of both techniques are discussed. In general, the ANFIS showed better prediction accuracy for the individual emissions compared to DENFIS although the prediction accuracies are comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The paper analyses and assesses the operating expenses of freight Diesel locomotives 2M62, 2M62K, 2M62M and ER20CF, suggesting the ways of their reduction. Given the damages of the old locomotive M62 and the structure of its operating expenses, some methods of Diesel locomotives’ upgrading are offered. Service life of new generation Diesel locomotives SIEMENS ER20CF and the locomotives 2M62K, 2M62M after the upgrade are determined. The taxes on air pollution by the exhaust gases of Diesel engines are calculated for the locomotives of each series. The effectiveness of operation of freight Diesel locomotives is calculated by three multicriteria evaluation methods and the most efficient freight Diesel locomotive for Lithuanian Railways is determined based on a set of criteria. Basic conclusions are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Landscape Management is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Landscape Management is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Technological & Economic Development of Economy is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Landscape Management is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Landscape Management is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Economic operations carried out at Klaipėda State Seaport negatively affect the quality of the ambient air. To assess the atmosphere pollution in northern Kiaip6da caused by economic operations at the Port, investigation was carried out from June to November. This paper surveys the influence of stevedoring and transportation of liquid and powdery fertilizers on the ambient air. Measurements of ammonia and phosphorus acid concentrations in the air showed that the concentrations and distribution of ammonia concentrations were for the most part influenced by meteorological conditions — the wind force and relative air humidity — as well as by transportation of liquid fertilizers. The largest excess of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of ammonia concentration was recorded in June: at daytime and in the evening it was higher 1,1 time, and at night — 2,2 times. In September, October and November ammonia concentrations in the ambient air did not exceed the MPC. Excess of phosphorus acid concentrations in the ambient air was detected in June (1,2 time at daytime) and July (at daytime and in the evening) in the closest proximity of the Liquid Fertilizer Transhipment Terminal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reduction of pollution is among priority environmental problems in our country. Real-time information about the air pollution in the biggest Lithuanian cities and industrical centers is received from the air quality stations every day. It is the main method for the air quality assessment. On the basis of this information it is possible to conclude that concentration of particles in some areas exceeds allowable limits. The concentration of particles in Žirmūnai and Žvėrynas districts of Vilnius exceeds the limits too. Assessment of changes in this air quality indicator and forecasting their development is rather complicated as regular measurement of particulate matter concentration (with the particle diameter up to 10 μm) was started at Lithuanian air quality stations only in 2003. The paper describes the methodology of recording particle concentrations in Žvėrynas district of Vilnius. The results of particle measurements are compared with a maximum allowable concentration (MAC) of the analyzed pollutant, the results of analysis are given in two- and three-dimensional graphics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many studies in China investigated how the lockdown following the coronavirus disease 2019 substantially affected air quality; however, few were conducted in Northeastern China. Here, the changes in six criteria air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3), were investigated in Shenyang from January to May 2015-2020. Compared with the pre-lockdown, the mass concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and CO during the lockdown decreased by 40.3% to 48.6%, indicating a positive impact of lockdown policies on reducing pollutant emissions. The responses of PM2.5, PM10, and CO to the lockdown measures in downtown areas were more sensitive than in the suburbs. However, the O3 concentration showed the opposite trend, attributed to the drop in NOx and particulate matters. Compared to the same period in 2015-2019, the proportion of days with good air quality increased from 63.2% to 77.2% during the lockdown and Shenyang experienced no severe pollution. Our results suggest that reducing human activities can improve air quality; however, coordinated control policies of O3, PM2.5, and NO2 are imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the doctoral thesis of Tatjana Paulauskiené entitled "Research of pollution by volatile organic compounds (VOC) in ambient air and its reduction in oil terminals. The aim of the work is to evaluate the atmosphere pollution by VOC in oil terminals, and determine the meteorological condition and the impact of product loading indicator on VOC transfer in lower boundary layers. She is at present a lecturer at Klaipéda University in Lithuania.

The critical concern of modern airports is the air pollution generated by air traffic and its impact on the airport environment. Air pollution is an unavoidable consequence of air traffic, but it can be reduced in numerous ways, including technical innovations in aircraft design and legislation. This paper presents a model of air traffic assignment as a measure to mitigate the concentration of air traffic pollution. The air traffic assignment model was developed specifically for Nikola Tesla Airport but could easily be applied to other airports. The model is based on the categorisation of aircraft according to engine type and the assignment of specific runways for take-off and landing for each aircraft category. It incorporates two basic goals: to increase airport capacity and to reduce the pollution level in the area around the airport. Although these goals are contradictory, it has been shown in the case of Nikola Tesla Airport that the proposed air traffic assignment model successfully creates pollution level equilibrium in the area around the runway thresholds and an increase in airport capacity. The paper suggests pollution measurement points as the basis for a pollution management tool and system for daily air traffic pollution control. Santrauka Šiame straipsnyje aprašomas oro transporto paskirstymo modelis, leidžiantis sumažinti oro transporto srautų sukeliamą oro taršą. Šis modelis sukurtas Nikola Tesla oro uostui, bet yra lengvai pritaikomas ir kitiems oro uostams. Modelio pagrindas – tai orlaivių klasifikavimas pagal variklių tipus ir tam tikrų KTT paskyrimas atitinkamoms kategorijoms. Siekiama išnaudoti visas oro uosto galimybes ir sumažinti taršos lygį. Nors tikslai atrodo priešingi, tačiau įrodyta, kad pasiūlytas oro transporto paskirstymo modelis sėkmingai išlaiko taršos lygio pasiskirstymą prie KTT pradžios ir padidina oro uosto galimybes. Taip pat siūlomi tinkami taršos matavimo taškai kasdienei oro taršos kontrolei. Reikšminiai žodžiai: orlaivis, oro tarša, taršos mažinimo priemonės, oro transporto valdymas, taršos kontrolė

The problem of VOC volatilization into the atmosphere from oil terminals is discussed in the paper. Investigation of VOC concentration in an oil terminal was performed in characterized spots of the main pollutant concentration ‐ in storage tank parks of light and heavy oil products. A complex analysis of the impact of meteorological elements, oil‐product‐storage tank construction, the level of filling storage tanks with oil products on the emissions of VOCs in oil terminals and adjacent territories is provided in the paper. The dependence of VOC concentration on the following parameters of the construction of storage tanks was analysed: the capacity of storage tanks, the insulation between the wall of a storage tank and peculiarities of the pontoon construction (single, double, triple insulation). The results of the investigation may be applied for the development and improvement of the VOC calculation method (LAND 31–2007/M‐11), reduction of VOC emissions in the existing oil terminals and when developing new ones. Santrauka Analizuojami profesiniai pavojai, kuriems gresiant būtina nustatyti rizikos lygį. Tirtas darbo aplinkos mikroklimatas, apšvieta, triukšmas ir dulkėtumo lygis. Profesiniams pavojams gamyboje įvertinti siūlomas paprastas ir lankstus rizikos vertinimo metodas, pagrįstas skaitiniais kriterijais. Pateikiami penkių Estijos pramonės šakų (mašinų apdirbimo, spaudos, medienos, plastmasės ir tekstilės) tyrimo šiuo požiūriu rezultatai ir praktiniai pavyzdžiai. Kaip akivaizdžiausias pavojus sveikatai plačiai analizuojamas triukšmas, įvertinama klausos praradimo rizika. Straipsnio tikslas – atkreipti dėmesį, kaip svarbu pramonėje nustatyti profesinę riziką ir priminti apie kelis svarbius praktinius aspektus, kad darbo rizikos vertinimas būtų efektyvus ir padėtų darbuotojams, darbdaviams, darbo vietos higienos specialistams, gydytojams bei sprendimų priėmėjams. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010 Reikšminiai žodžiai: teisinis profesinio saugumo ir sveikatingumo reguliavimas, laboratorinės sąlygos, darbo aplinka, profesinė rizika, rizikos vertinimas, rizikos lygiai.

To investigate airborne pollen movement aerobiologists use backward air mass trajectories. In the present paper the peculiarities of airborne birch pollen dispersion are analysed. In 2005 at Šiauliai Aerobiology Station pollen was recorded using Hirst‐type spore trap. The situation of birch bloom in neighbouring European countries was evaluated according to the European Aeroallergen Network database. It was generalized and used to prove long‐range pollen transport. Air mass trajectories were calculated according to the HYSPLIT 4 model the trajectory drawing principle of which is based on the integration of the position of air mass with regard to time. The present study has shown that backward air mass trajectory analysis may be applied in investigating relationship among pollen dispersion, meteorological conditions and air mass transport. It is estimated that at Šiauliai Aerobiology Station the dynamics of pollen concentration is determinated by local flora and airborne pollen long‐range transport. The evaluation of pollen dispersion by the backward air mass trajectory method presented in the paper established precondition to look for possibilities of application of the HYSPLIT 4 model to prepare the forecasts of pollen dispersion. Žiedadulkių dispersijos atmosferoje vertinimas taikant atgalinių oro masių trajektorijų analizę Santrauka Žiedadulkių judėjimą atmosferoje aerobiologai tiria analizuodami atgalinių oro masių trajektorijas. Šiame straipsnyje gilinamasi į beržo žiedadulkių sklaidos atmosferoje ypatumus. Šiaulių aerobiologijos stotyje 2005 m. žiedadulkės buvo fiksuojamos Hirst tipo sporų gaudykle. Žiedadulkių judėjimas žydint beržams aplinkinėse Europos šalyse buvo įvertintas remiantis Europos aeroalergenų tinklo duomenų baze. Apibendrintais duomenimis pasinaudota, įrodant tolimąją žiedadulkių pernašą. Oro masių trajektorijos apskaičiuotos pagal HYSPLIT 4 modelį, trajektorijų brėžimo principą grindžiant oro masės padėties integravimu laiko atžvilgiu. Tyrimas parodė, kad atgalinių oro masių trajektorijų analizė gali būti taikoma tiriant sąsają tarp žiedadulkių dispersijos, meteorologinių sąlygų ir oro masių pernašos. Nustatyta, kad Šiaulių aerobiologijos stotyje žiedadulkių koncentracijos dinamiką lemia vietinė augalija ir žiedadulkių atmosferoje tolimosios pernašos. Straipsnyje pateiktas žiedadulkių dispersijos vertinimas atgalinių oro masių trajektorijų analizės metodu suformavo prielaidas siekti modelio HYSPLIT 4 taikymo galimybių žiedadulkių sklaidai prognozuoti. Reikšminiai žodžiai: žiedadulkės, meteorologinės sąlygos, tolimosios pernašos, atgalinės oro masių trajektorijos, beržo dulkėjimas, oro tarša. Оценка дисперсии пыльцы в атмосфере по анализу траекторий обратных воздушных масс Резюме Для исследования пыльцы в атмосфере аэробиологи используют траектории обратных атмосферных масс. В статье анализируются особенности рассеянности берёзовой пыльцы в атмосфере в 2005 г. Пыльца фиксировалась с использованием ловушки спор типа Хирст. Ситуация цветения берёзы в соседних странах Европы была оценена согласно данным базы Европейской сети по аэроаллергенам. Данные обобщены, использованы, доказан дальний перенос пыльцы. Траектории обратных воздушных масс установлены согласно модели HYSPLIT 4. Исследования показали, что анализ обратных воздушных масс может быть использован для изучения связи между дисперсией пыльцы, метеоусловиями и переносом атмосферных масс. Установлено, что на аэробиологической станции города Шяуляй динамика пыльцы предопределена местной флорой и дальними переносами. Представленная оценка дисперсии пыльцы может служить основой при изучении возможности использования HYSPLIT 4 для прогнозов. Ключевые слова: пыльца, метеоусловия, дальний перенос, обратные траектории атмосферных масс, пыление берёзы, загрязнение воздуха. Firstd Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

Copyright of Journal of Environmental Engineering & Landscape Management is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper describes technical and environmental aspects of hardware implementation of air-steam bed conveyor system aimed at creating a pollution-free zone at the stock preparation department of a tire factory. The approach presented will facilitate volatile compound adsorption into the air-steam space from an adhesive film formed by assembling solution on the tread surface. A model of saturated adsorbent desorption, with electric contact heat applied, is developed. The results of mathematical modeling of assembling solution-volatile matter adsorption are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution control is crucial for promoting the modernization of governance systems and efficiency. To address the subjective contrived factors and errors in the gross domestic product (GDP) data in traditional statistical almanacs, our study aims to construct a panel data model of 287 prefecture-level cities for the period from 1998-2016 (using objective nighttime light data). We also used government work report words related to environmental regulation to characterize the constraints of government environmental regulations. For this purpose, we used instrumental variables (to explore the relationship and interaction between air pollution and economic growth) and a model setting, with which we carried out regression analysis and robustness tests; the findings were validated using a transmission mechanism hypothesis. We found that that economic growth and air pollution positively influence each other and government environmental regulations significantly reduce air pollution. We also found that to achieve high economic development, environmental pollution must be controlled to avoid further damage to human and material capital. Furthermore, government environmental regulations can help improve the environmental comfort level and economic development quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper contains the results of experimental studies of the effect of moisture on nitrogen dioxide formation and on oxidation of NO to NO2 in laminar premixed flame of natural gas. The water vapor is shown to be the third very influential participant, along with fuel and oxidizer, in the combustion process. Injection of moisture into the combustion zone has an effect due to the insertion of additional quantities of HO2- and OH– radicals into the process, which contributes to the intensification of the oxidation of NO to NO2. Introduction of the concept of the “excess moisture ratio” in the combustion process is proposed. The studies were executed at the laboratory installation in conditions of formation of the V-shaped laminar flame of natural gas behind a transverse cylindrical steel stabilizer, with determining the concentrations of flue gas components.

Copyright of Science: Future of Lithuania / Mokslas: Lietuvos Ateitis is the property of Vilnius Gediminas Technical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Over the last decades, air pollution has become one of the greatest challenges negatively affecting human health and the entire environment, including air, water, soil, vegetation, and urban areas. Lately, special attention has been given to mathematical modelling for diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere as a particularly effective and efficient method that can be used to study, control and reduce air pollution. The diversity of models developed by different research groups imposed a rigorous understanding of model types in order to apply them correctly according to local or regional problems of air pollution phenomenon. Tus the authors have developed and improved two mathematical models for dispersion of air pollutants. Tis paper presents a case study of dispersion of powders in suspension originating from 14 point sources that correspond to 5 economic agents in the agroindustrial area of Vaslui city using a computer simulation based on the mathematical model Pol 15sm, for multiple point sources of pollution, designed by the authors.

Air pollution is a risk for human health and for the preservation of materials in particular cultural heritage objects. This paper presents the main results obtained in the project carried out by the Lithuanian Theatre, Music and Cinema Museum (LTMCM) and NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research. The main goal of the project was to perform a screening study and characterization of the indoor air pollution in the LTMCM. The results are used to assess the indoor air quality with regard to the preservation of cultural heritage objects therein. Measurement of NO2, organic acids (i.e. acetic and formic acids), photo-oxidant effects of the environment, climate (temperature and relative humidity) and particulate matter deposition were performed in different indoor locations. Low concentration of outdoor generated pollutants such as NO2 was found in storage rooms whereas higher concentrations were determined in the in the exhibition area. The results indicate that the building envelope does not protect effectively against infiltration of outdoor pollutants such as NO2 and particles. Very high concentration of indoor generated pollutants such as acetic acid was found in one storage room with a significant source. First published online: 11 Oct 2012

This paper aims at studying the problems of aviation noise and air, soil and water pollution in Tallinn Airport and the implementation of measures to make the airport more environmentally friendly. At present Tallinn Airport has two stationary noise level monitoring terminals and one mobile terminal for metering and modelling the noise level caused by aircraft taking-off and landing. Research shows that Tallinn Airport has not yet exceeded the noise limits stipulated by regulations. The area surrounding Tallinn Airport has been divided into four noise zones. Zone 1, where the noise level does not exceed 55 dB, is suitable for a majority of types of buildings, whereas Zone 4, where the noise level exceeds 70 dB and the highest level measured was 105 dB, is absolutely unacceptable as a building area. In recent years the number of flights flying over the residential areas of Tallinn has been reduced significantly, i.e. the number of flights taking off from runway 26 and landing on runway 08. In suitable weather conditions, noisy aircraft are directed to land on RWY 26 and take off from RWY08. Thanks to the measures mentioned above, air pollution from aircraft exhaust gases has been reduced considerably in Tallinn. After the completion of the military airfield at Ämari in the nearest future, it is going to be possible to transfer the cargo flights, usually made by large noisy jets, from Tallinn Airport to Ämari. Various measures have also been taken to reduce the pollution of soil and water within the area of Tallinn Airport.

The aim of the recent research is to provide stable, controllable and effective wood pellets combustion with minimum emissions. Two possibilities were chosen, investigated and analysed: wood pellets co-firing with propanebutane mixture and the use of a permanent magnet. The special pilot device was constructed in the laboratory of Heat and Mass Transfer in Institute of Physics. Two types of experiments were conducted: combustion with propane-butane supply (0.9 kW up to 1.27 kW) of wood pellets with different moisture content (W = 8%, 15%, 20% and 25%); combustion of wood pellets with applied magnetic field by using the permanent magnet, an propane-butane supply also was used. The main conclusion of the research is that co-firing and magnetic field can be used as an instrument to provide more effective burnout of volatiles and cleaner heat production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leaves ofLigustrum japonicum (Oleaceae), Olea europaea(Oleaceae), andPyracantha coccinea(Rosaceae) were evaluated with the aim of using them as bioindicators for trace metal contamination in Baku city, Azerbaijan, one of the most highly polluted cities worldwide. These species of trees are the most abundant in urban and rural areas of Azerbaijan, because of high tolerance against climatic influences due to their modesty and adaptability. Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Pb were determined in the leaves by AAS method. The samples were collected at three locations with different degrees of trace metal pollution (industrial, high traffic, and reference [botanical garden] site). The highest element concentrations were detected at sites of high traffic. Up to 70 times higher Pb concentrations could be found in the leaves of the trees that reflect the known Pb problem around Baku. The results presented give a first impression of a correlation between the degree of trace metal contamination in the environment and the trace metal concentration in the leaves ofL. japonicumandO. europaea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper deals with an important environmental issue: air pollution with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in oil terminals. In attempt to determine the dependence of VOCs concentration in the air on the wind speed and oil loading intensity analyses were carried out during shorter time intervals, when the fluctuations of ambient temperature are minimal (1−3) °C. VOCs concentrations were analysed by gas chromatography method in different chosen observation posts during different seasons. A complex analysis of experimental study and impact of meteorological conditions on the air pollution was performed taking into account the oil loading intensity in oil terminals and the types of loaded oil products. A new indicator was introduced for the analysis of the obtained results—a loading indicator that characterizes the amount and type of handled products as well as the number and type of operations carried out in the terminal. The dependence of the change of VOCs concentration on the loading indicator has been determined. Santrauka Analizuojama svarbi aplinkosauginė problema – oro tarša lakiaisiais organiniais junginiais (LOJ) naftos terminaluose. Siekiant nustatyti LOJ koncentracijos ore priklausomumą nuo vėjo greičio, aplinkos drėgmės ir atmosferos slėgio, atliktitrumpesnės trukmės tyrimai, kai aplinkos temperatūros svyravimai yra minimalūs – 13 ºC. Pasirinktuose stebėjimo postuose dujų chromatografijos būdu nustatytos LOJ koncentracijos skirtingais sezonais. Atlikta kompleksiniai eksperimentiniai tyrimai ir meteorologinių sąlygų (oro temperatūros, aplinkos drėgmės, atmosferos slėgio, vėjo greičio irkrypties) įtakos oro taršai analizė, atsižvelgiant į naftos terminalų krovos intensyvumą ir kraunamų produktų rūšis. Analizuojant gautus duomenis įvestas naujas rodiklis – krovos indikatorius, apibūdinantis kraunamų produktų kiekį, rūšį, terminale atliekamų operacijų skaičių ir pobūdį. Nustatytas LOJ koncentracijos kitimo priklausomumas nuo krovos indikatoriaus. Statistiškai apdorojus rezultatus akivaizdu, kad naftos terminaluose krovos operacijų skaičius ir pobūdis(krovos indikatorius) lemia LOJ koncentraciją pažemės atmosferos sluoksnyje. Atlikus LOJ koncentracijos tyrimo skirtingais sezonais duomenų analizę ir daugiafaktorinę dispersinę analizę, 95 % patikimumu nustatyta, kad LOJ koncentracijos kitimas pažemės atmosferos sluoksnyje priklauso nuo vėjo greičio, kai vėjo stiprumas yra didesnis nei 4 m/s (10 m aukštyje, P < 0,05). Резюме Исследована проблема испарения легколетучих органических соединений (ЛОС) на нефтебазе. Для того, чтобыустановить зависимость концентрации ЛОС от скорости ветра, влажности воздуха и давления атмосферы былопроизведено исследование концентрации ЛОС в воздухе, во время которого изменение температуры непревышало 3 градусов. Методом газовой хроматографии были исследованы сезонные выбросы ЛОС в приземныеслои атмосферы. Комплексно проанализированы полученные экспериментальные данные и метеорологическиеусловия (температура и влажность воздуха, давление атмосферы, сила и направление ветра) с учетомпроизводимых операций по перегрузке нефтепродуктов и их типа. Для более точного анализа полученных данныхбыл сформулирован новый «индикатор погрузки», который характеризует количество и тип перегружаемыхнефтепродуктов, количество и тип производимых технологических операций. В связи с этим была установленазависимость концентрации ЛОС от индикатора погрузки. Статистический анализ данных показал, что количествопроизводимых технологических операций на нефтебазах, а также их тип, влияют на изменение концентрацииЛОС. Анализ исследования сезонных выбросов ЛОС и многофакторный дисперсионный анализ данных с 95%й точностью показали, что изменение концентрации ЛОС в приземных слоях атмосферы зависит от скорости ветрав том случае, если она превышает 4 м/с на высоте 10 м (P < 0.05). Reikšminiai žodžiai: lakieji organiniai junginiai (LOJ), LOJ emisija, naftos terminalas, krovos indikatorius, atmosferos tarša, garavimas Ключевые слова: легколетучие органические соединения (ЛОС), эмиссия ЛОС, нефтебаза, индикатор погрузки, загрязнение атмосферы, испарение

The problem of volatile organic compound (VOC) emission from oil terminals is discussed in the paper. Short‐term analyses were performed to determine dependence of VOC on wind speed, environmental humidity and atmospheric pressure at minimal ambient air temperature variations (1–3 °C). 10‐day VOC concentration analyses were performed using gas chro‐matography. Complex analysis of experimental investigation and meteorological conditions (air temperature, environmental humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction) was carried out considering the types of loading operations and oil products at the oil terminal. Dependencies between VOC concentration and separate meteorological parameters were determined. Meteorologiniu salygu itaka lakiuju organiniu junginiu sklaidai pažemes atmosferos sluoksnyje Santrauka Nagrinėjama lakiųjų organinių junginių (LOJ) išsiskyrimo AB „Klaipėdos nafta“ naftos terminale problema. Siekiant nustatyti LOJ koncentracijos ore priklausomybę nuo vėjo greičio, aplinkos drėgmės ir atmosferos slėgio atlikti trumpesnio laiko intervalo tyrimai, kai aplinkos temperatūros svyravimai yra minimalūs (1−3) °C. Pasirinktuose stebėjimo postuose atliktas 10 dienų LOJ koncentracijos tyrimas dujų chromatografijos būdu. Atlikta kompleksinė eksperimentinių tyrimų ir meteorologinių sąlygų (oro temperatūros, aplinkos drėgmės, atmosferos slėgio, vėjo greičio ir vėjo krypties) analizė, atsižvelgiant į vykdomų naftos terminale krovos darbų tipus ir kraunamų produktų rūšis. Nustatytos LOJ koncentracijos priklausomybės nuo meteorologinių parametrų. Reikšminiai žodžiai: lakieji organiniai junginiai (LOJ), LOJ emisija, oro užterštumas, oro kokybė, garavimas, meteorologiniai parametrai, naftos terminalas. Влияниe метеорологических условий на распространение летучих органических соединений в приземном атмосферном слое Резюме Исследована проблема испарения легколетучих органических соединений (ЛОС) на нефтебазе. Для того, чтобы установить зависимость концентрации ЛОС от скорости ветра, влажности воздуха и давления атмосферы, было произведено исследование концентрации ЛОС в воздухе, во время которого изменение температуры не превышало 3 градусов. Сделан комплексный анализ полученных экспериментальных данных и метеорологических условий (температуры и влажности воздуха, давления атмосферы, силы и направления ветра) с учетом производимых операций по перегрузке нефтепродукта и типа нефтепродукта. Ключевые слова: легколетучие органические соединения (ЛОС), эмиссия ЛОС, загрязнение атмосферы, качество воздуха, испарение, метеорологические параметры, нефтебаза. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

Methane and nitrous oxide emission from alluvial soil under incubation using varying doses of urea and water content were studied for Tangibanta and Sorada. The N2O emission was observed to increase with time and tapers off after attaining the peak. The theoretical emission was evaluated using empirical equations and matches well with the experimental values. The CH4and N2O emission both increased with the increase in Water Filled Pore Space (WFPS) and urea concentration. The nitrification and denitrification reaction rates were determined with and without acetylene. Michaelis-Menten equation was used to evaluate the Kmand Vmaxvalues. The rate of emission of N2O increased with increase of WFPS and urea concentration whereas the emission factor showed a reverse trend. The CH4emission rate was observed to be comparatively low with respect to N2O emission rate around a factor of 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic operations carried out at Klaipeda State Seaport negatively affect the quality of the ambient air. To assess the atmosphere pollution in northern Klaipeda caused by economic operations at the Port, investigation was carried out from June to November. This paper surveys the influence of stevedoring and transportation of liquid and powdery fertilizers on the ambient air. Measurements of ammonia and phosphorus acid concentrations in the air showed that the concentrations and distribution of ammonia concentrations were for the most part influenced by meteorological conditions – the wind force and relative air humidity – as well as by transportation of liquid fertilizers. The largest excess of the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of ammonia concentration was recorded in June: at daytime and in the evening it was higher 1,1 time, and at night – 2,2 times. In September, October and November ammonia concentrations in the ambient air did not exceed the MPC. Excess of phosphorus acid concentrations in the ambient air was detected in June (1,2 time at daytime) and July (at daytime and in the evening) in the closest proximity of the Liquid Fertilizer Transhipment Terminal. Skystųjų ir biriųjų trąšų krovos darbų Klaipėdos valstybiniame jūrų uoste įtaka aplinkos oro kokybei Santrauka Klaipėdos valstybiniame jūrų uoste vykdoma ūkinė veikla neigiamai veikia aplinkos oro kokybę. Klaipėdos šiaurinės dalies atmosferos užterštumui dėl ūkinės veiklos uoste įvertinti birželio – lapkričio mėnesiais buvo atliekami tyrimai. Straipsnyje apžvelgiamas skystųjų ir biriųjų trąšų krovos ir transportavimo darbų poveikis aplinkos orui. Atlikus amoniako ir fosforo rūgšties koncentracijų ore matavimus nustatyta, kad amoniako koncentracijoms ir jų pasiskirstymui didžiausią įtaką turėjo meteorologinės sąlygos matavimų metu: vėjo stiprumas ir santykinė oro drėgmė bei skystųjų trąšų transportavimas. Maksimaliai amoniako DLK viršytos birželį. Dieną ir vakare – 1,1 karto, naktį – 2,2 karto. Rugsėjo, spalio ir lapkričio mėnesiais amoniako koncentracijos aplinkos ore DLK neviršijo. Fosforo rūgšties koncentracijos viršytos 1,2 karto birželį dienomis bei liepą dienomis bei vakarais arčiausiai biriųjų trąšų perkrovimo terminalo. Fosforo rūgšties koncentracijai didžiausią įtaką galėjo turėti anksčiau vykę trąšų perkrovimo terminale darbai bei santykinė drėgmė. Fosforo turinčių trąšų perkrovimas lėmė fosforo junginių kiekio padidėjimą aplinkinėje teritorijoje. Reikšminiai žodžiai: oro tarša, amoniako koncentracija, fosforo rūgšties koncentracija, meteorologinės sąlygos. Влияние работ по разгрузке жидких и порошкообразных удобрений, производимых в Клайпедском государственном морском порту, на качество воздуха окружающей среды Резюме Осуществляемая в Клайпедском государственном морском порту хозяйственная деятельность отрицательно сказывается на качестве воздуха окружающей среды. Для оценки влияния хозяйственной деятельности, производимой в Клайпедском морском порту, на качество воздуха северной части города с июня по ноябрь проводились исследования. Изучалось влияние на качество воздуха работ по разгрузке жидких и порошкообразных удобрений. Измерение концентраций аммиака и фосфорной кислоты в воздухе показало, что наибольшее воздействие на распределение концентраций аммиака оказывали метеорологические условия во время измерений: сила ветра и относительная влажность воздуха, а также транспортировка жидких удобрений. Наибольшее превышение максимально допустимой концентрации (МДК) аммиака в 1,1 раза в дневное время и в 2,2 раза ночью зарегистрировано в июне. В сентябре, октябре и ноябре концентрации аммиака в окружающем воздухе не превышали МДК. Избыток фосфорной кислоты в окружающем воздухе был зафиксирован в июне (в 1,2 раза в дневное время) и июле (в дневное время и вечером) в непосредственной близости от терминала по разгрузке жидких удобрений. На концентрацию фосфорной кислоты наибольшее влияние могли оказать ранее производившиеся в терминале работы по разгрузке удобрений, содержащих фосфор, а также относительная влажность воздуха. Ключевые слова: загрязнение воздуха, концентрация аммиака, концентрация фосфорной кислоты, метеорология. Firstd Published Online: 14 Oct 2010