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The study aims to investigate the role of leadership in creativity development, including opportunities arising from the attractiveness of countries for intellectual migrants. Using the authors’ approach for assessing leadership development in the European Union, it is found that the leading positions belong to Finland with an integral index value of 0.85, Denmark (0.83), and the Netherlands (0.76). To test hypotheses about the significant influence of leadership on the attractiveness of countries for intellectual migrants and creativity development, correlation analysis was used. Creativity development was analysed based on the most frequently used indicators of creative economics dynamics. Besides, it was considered that the most obvious result of creative thinking is the innovation development of the countries. The resulting pairwise correlation coefficients for the European Union show a strong relationship between the level of leadership and a country’s ability to attract (0.73) and retain talent (0.80). A positive impact of leadership on creativity development is confirmed by the links with the overall value of the Global Innovation Index (0.79), the growth of innovative companies (0.81), creative outputs (0.58), and cultural employment (0.68). The obtained results prove the need for the development of leadership competencies as an important driver of creativity, talent attraction and generation of innovative solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to study the relationship between vocational training costs and economic benefits at different levels of economic relations. In the structure of labour costs in the EU, there was the highest share of vocational training costs in Ireland (2.79%), Great Britain (2.53%), France (1.51%), which is reflected in the economic success of these countries. A comparison with Ukraine, which has European integration intentions, confirms that the underestimated role of investing in lifelong learning has relevant links to economic performance. This study at the enterprise level (based on the survey of 356 employees) found that higher costs of vocational training are a sign of profitable enterprises. At the same time, employees' interest in short-term training programs is higher, which they obviously assess from the standpoint of higher personal economic benefits in the short term. At the same time, the analysis performed by means of the Fechner correlation coefficient confirms the existence of a positive impact of vocational training costs on changes in the main macroeconomic benefits indicator - GDP per capita. This allows drawing conclusions about the need to develop professional training programs for staff as one of the drivers of macroeconomic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]