Search

Crossing the boundaries of any one discipline, the article provides an overview of research into historical decorated paper conducted by the author over the last several years. Examples of this seemingly very specific, ephemeral material, considered as an imitation of other materials, applied in bindings of printed books and manuscripts during the 18th and 19th centuries, are presented as anonymous artifacts of the past, strikingly characterised by their own materiality and thus involving also the researcher's senses. Besides a historical overview of the main techniques of paper decoration in Europe, the place of this applied decorative element in the three-dimensional structure of the handmade book is also explored. The second part of the paper addresses the relevant problem of ornament as a plastic discourse, which has so far received less attention in semiotic research. Through a closer analysis of a several samples of decorated paper, questions about the semantic structure of the ornament and its effects are raised. Finally, when placed in the context of certain habits, needs and interests of eighteenth-century European society, decorated paper and its ornamental language emerge as a multilayered object with a culturally defined meaning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dėl nepatikimos informacijos Daivos Šveikauskienės straipsnyje „Lietuvių kalbos gramatikos informacinė sistema: I morfologija“, publikuotame elektroniniame žurnale Lietuvių kalba 2016 m. nr. 10.

Straipsnyje aptariama modelio negyvas subjektas + aktyvų veiksmą reiškiantis veiksmažodis realiza­cija lingvistiniuose straipsniuose anglų kalba. Nustatomas bendras modelio dažnumas bei dažniausiai pasikartojantys veiksmažodžiai bei subjektai, atskleidžiama jų reikšmė ir funkcijos. Rezultatai lygina­mi su lingvisto Master’io (2001) straipsnyje aprašomais tyrimo, grindžiamo moksliniais straipsniais tiksliųjų mokslų tematika, rezultatais. Abiejų tyrimų metu nustatyta, kad tiriamas modelis vyrauja aiškinamojo tipo kontekstuose.Kvantitatyvinis aspektas papildomas interpretaciniu, pasitelkiant konceptualiosios metaforos teo­riją. Nustatytos šios dažniausiai pasitaikančios metaforos: tyrimas yra žmogus, tyrimas yra kelionė, tyrimas yra statinys, tyrimas yra ekonominė veikla bei tyrimas yra paslapties atskleidimas. Pirmoji metafora iš dalies sutampa su metonimijomis.Šio tyrimo rezultatai galėtų pasitarnauti diskurso analizės tyrimams bei dėstant akademinį rašymą negimtakalbiams.

Šiame straipsnyje, remiantis pavyzdžiais, surinktais iš Anglų filologijos katedros studentų bakalaurinių ir magistrinių darbų, analizuojami tų darbų pavadinimai bei mokslinio darbo plano rašymo būdai. Pavadinimai nagrinėjami keliais aspektais – visų pirma, aptariama jų funkcijos, 153tiriama jų sintaksinės ir struktūrinės ypatybės. Be to, nemaža dėmesio skiriama sąšvelnių (hedging) ir intertekstualumo naudojimui mokslinių darbų pavadinimuose, t.p. paminimi nauji efektingi būdai kurti pavadinimus. Kita straipsnio dalis skirta aptarti problemoms, kylančioms rašant mokslinio dar­bo planą. Išskiriami dviejų tipų sunkumai – susiję su darbo turiniu, kai planas yra per daug bendras ir neatspindi darbo turinio, ir sunkumai, susiję su plano forma – kai nesilaikoma tos pačios sintaksinės formos. Išvadose teigiama, jog šios dvi įvadinės mokslinio darbo dalys, nors iš pirmo žvilgsnio ir galinčios atrodyti nelabai svarbios, iš tiesų atlieka rimtą informacinę bei reklaminę funkciją, todėl siūlant akademinio rašymo kursą, joms reikėtų skirti nemaža dėmesio.

Copyright of Vilnius University Open Series is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present paper sets out to examine the efficiency of the Task Dependency Principle (TDP) in teaching research paper writing for BA students in English Philology. So far the TDP has been used in teaching practical language skills to non-native speakers. It consists in giving students tasks which are based on previously accomplished tasks. The TDP has turned out to be very effective in teaching research paper writing skills as well. Implemented throughout one full semester of the research-in-progress seminar, coupled with the peer review and fostered by the focus on individually selected linguistic topics, the TDP has contributed to increasing the motivation of students and shifting from teacherto student-centred teaching/learning.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of the online data collection method to survey adolescents about their psychological characteristics in a follow up-longitudinal study on positive youth development in order to test the psychometric equivalence of two assessment methods. 1030 participants (17-19 years old) completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires in schools (505 boys and 525 girls), 132 (28 boys and 104 girls) completed Internet-based questionnaires, and 47 (15 boys 32 girls) completed both, measuring positive development indicators. The findings suggest that adolescents report less socially desirable behaviour and active citizenship in Internet-based questionnaires, but generally Internet-based administration does not have any differences in the means values of positive development indicators as compared to paper-and-pencil administration. Internet-based questionnaires have higher or similar internal consistencies as compared with paper-and-pencil questionnaires and are highly correlated with each other when administered using Internet-based and paper-and-pencil assessment. There is no interaction effect of the Internet versus paper-and-pencil assessment and the sex of adolescents on the positive development indicators. Limitations of this study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the formation of the independent state, the Ukrainian people's interest in their own history and events of the past has significantly increased. The shaping of national identity and preservation of historical collective memory plays an increasingly important role in these processes. This is to some extent true of the Cherkasy region which is one of the richest in Ukraine. Scientific research of historians and archival material which reflect the development of the workflow management systems in the society of the region is suffi- cient proof of this. Special role in the study of the region history is given to the State Archives of Cherkasy region, the leading experts of which during 1970-2013 period made a significant contribution to the implementation of recordkeeping standards and normative document regulation acts such as the Laws of Ukraine "On Electronic Documents and Electronic Document Management" and "On Electronic Digital Signature", dated May 22th, 2003, etc. As document management traditions are being produced during the centuries, investigation of electronic records management is practically possible from its initial formation stage. On the one hand, the main task of the electronic records keeping, as a relatively new phenomenon, is to adopt the best principles of traditional document management; on the other hand, it is no less important to develop new approaches to recordkeeping management, taking into account the use of electronic documents. Therefore it is important, in our opinion, to consider the main problems that accompany the practices of electronic document management as the investigated object, taking the example of Cherkasy region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unit testing is a fundamental aspect of software development, ensuring the correctness and robustness of code implementations. Traditionally, unit tests are manually crafted by developers based on their understanding of the code and its requirements. However, this process can be time-consuming, errorprone, and may overlook certain edge cases. In recent years, there has been growing interest in leveraging large language models (LLMs) for automating the generation of unit tests. LLMs, such as GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer), CodeT5, StarCoder, LLaMA, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and code generation tasks. By using LLMs, researchers aim to develop techniques that automatically generate unit tests from code snippets or specifications, thus optimizing the software testing process. This paper presents a literature review of articles that use LLMs for unit test generation tasks. It also discusses the history of the most commonly used large language models and their parameters, including the first time they have been used for code generation tasks. The result of this study presents the large language models for code and unit test generation tasks and their increasing popularity in code generation domain, indicating a great promise for the future of unit test generation using LLMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For intensive academic activities, there is a need to ensure introduction of scientific research results, discussion of scientific works and spread of scientific investigation results in an interaction among scientists, scientists and scientific community, scientists and society. This kind of communication creates and fosters the persistent value of scientific work through the presentation and dissemination of results of scientific theoretical and empirical investigations. In the article, scientific communication is understood as a dissemination of scientific information of all areas of scientific research through formal and informal channels of communication. Scientific communication as a concept unites various possibilities such as science mass communication, public understanding of science, public awareness of science, scientific culture, scholarly communication aspects such as academic communication, purely scientific communication, etc. The aim of the article is to analyze formal science communication presented by scientists from the Faculty of Communication of Vilnius University. The research aims to present completeness of science communication presented by the scholars of the Faculty of Communication in dissemination of results of scientific researches and to create a knowledge dissemination map in which a flow of science communication and activities of scholars could be shown. The research is based on the quantitative variables that describe the form of science communication, from analysis of documental communication in scientific publications to formal communication such as participation in national and international conferences, expert activities, etc. Analysis of formal science communication is carried out from four main points: analysis of the science communication structure at the Faculty of Communication, Vilnius University; measurement of the geographical scope of science communication performed by the scholars of the Faculty; a set of participants and a flow of science communication; identification of institutions and individual scholars that actively participate in science communication in the field of communication and information. Results of the research stress several important aspects which present science communication at the Faculty of Communication of Vilnius University: the communication model "scientists to scientists" is dominating; dissemination of scientific information is oriented towards the Lithuanian scientific community; by active participation in international scientific networks and conferences; the map that presents the spread of scientific research results is wider than Lithuania's geographical frame. As the main means for formal science communication, scientific publications could be mentioned. "Knygotyra" and "Informacijos mokslai" are the main scientific journals where formal science communication in the area of communication and information is concentrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Accounting Theory & Practice / Buhalterinės Apskaitos Teorija Ir Praktika is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper analyzes household portfolio dynamics in Europe, focusing on the period from 2010 to 2017 using data from the European Central Bank's Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). The study examines the evolution of household portfolios after the 2008 financial crisis, with housing assets found to be one of the key drivers. On the aggregate level, the household portfolio remained stable between 2010 and 2017. Housing importance remained crucial during all the time and drove the majority of portfolio performance for households in 40-99 percentiles of the wealth distribution. With the evolution of household portfolios, age cohorts 45-54, 65 and older strengthen their positions by increasing the share of their owned assets in comparison to other age cohorts, which lost part of their shares. I conclude the paper with some stylized facts showing the relationship between home ownership, the share of portfolio in housing assets and wealth inequality between countries. The stylized facts provide evidence that household portfolios significantly concentrated in housing assets during the analyzed decade. Furthermore, the transition of households from renters to home owners contributed significantly to the changes in wealth inequality that occurred after the 2008 financial crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to study existence results for a singular problem involving the p-biharmonic operator and the Hardy potential. More precisely, by combining monotonicity arguments with the variational method, the existence of solutions is established. By using the Nehari manifold method, the multiplicity of solutions is proved. An example is also given to illustrate the importance of these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is devoted to the existence of random mild solutions for a general class of second-order abstract random differential equations with state-dependent delay. The technique used is a generalization of the classical Darbo fixed point theorem for Fréchet spaces associated with the concept of measures of noncompactness. An application related to partial random differential equations with state-dependent delay is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the finite-time projective synchronization (FTPS) problem of fractionalorder quaternion-valued fuzzy memristor neural networks (FOQVFMNNs) is studied. Through establishing a feedback controller with signed functions and an adaptive controller, sufficient conditions for FTPS for FOQVFMNNs are obtained. Furthermore, the synchronization establishment time is calculated. Finally, the practicability of the conclusions is verified by numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politologija is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper assesses empirically the COVID-19 effect on businesses and the potential dynamic changes regarding post-COVID-19 automation and technology penetration using various logistic regression models. A field survey was used to collect the necessary data for testing various hypotheses. This study demonstrates the severity of the pandemic on businesses and how it has changed their perspectives on technology as a critical aspect of survival and future success. The results showed that capital-intensive firms are more resilient to the crisis. In addition, the firms that were affected severely in terms of employment due to the pandemic believe that technology will significantly impact hiring, investment, and value added. This paper investigates a unique phenomenon represented by COVID-19, its impact on businesses in a resource-rich context and their responsiveness concerning technology deployment and automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Politologija is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politologija is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

On the example of Estonian language planning, this research paper explores whether it is justified and necessary to give recommendations for the meanings of words. The focus is on the general language. Technical language is out of the scope of this research. First, a brief overview of the history of Estonian language planning and the development of Standard Estonian, as well as the current situation is provided. Then the paper focuses on recent research on the meanings of words in Estonian. The purpose was to revise the recommendations for the meanings of words by Estonian language planning. The research is based on the common approaches in Estonian linguistics today – the usage-based linguistics and corpus linguistics. The paper argues that recommendations by language planning for the meanings of words are not justified nor necessary in the general language, even if some explanations on the choice of words are relevant (e.g., for offensive words). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Information & Media is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Knygotyra is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Law / Teise is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Problems / Problemos is the property of Vilnius University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper is to examine implementation of the laws of the cathedral chapter of the diocese of Samogitia according to the acts of the general sessions of the chapter (for the period from 1613 to 1913). The corpus of the constitutions, or statutes of the chapter was created in 1561–62 by the famous mid-16th century Lithuanian lawyers, Canon Pedro Ruiz de Moros (Petrus Roysius) and Bishop Joannes Domanowski. Despite the fact that already in 1637 Bishop Georgius Tyszkiewicz added some new constitutions (published in the annex of the paper), and there were subsequent attempts to ‘modernize’ the old corpus of the constitutions in the late 18th – early 19th century, the Roysian statutes retained their validity and exceptional authority in the life of the Samogitian cathedral chapter as long as 1925 when the old statutes were fundamentally revised. The constitutions predominantly influenced decisions of the chapter via hearing and memory. Due to the limited copies of the text which had to be not too much multiplicated in order to preserve secrecy, majority of canons were aware of the contents of the constitutions from reading aloud (usually, in fragments than in extenso) during the general sessions of the chapter. Perhaps this could explain occasional cases of erroneous allusion to the text of the constitutions in the decisions of the chapter. In some other cases, aspiration to ground the decisions of the chapter with solid arguments could inspire canons to invoke hardly definable ‘spirit’ (mens) of the constitutions. However, usually the constitutions were quoted correctly; the cases of clear reference to specific articles of the constitutions found in the acts of the general sesssions of the chapter are listed and described in the final part of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need to address global concerns has led to an increase in the significance of sustainable capitalism, which is located at the intersection of economics, business, and environmental studies. This study aims to delve into the theoretic evolution and academic structure of the relationship between sustainability and capitalism, by employing a bibliometric analysis. Relying on 687 documents, sourced from the Scopus database, this paper provides a thorough overview of the evolution of sustainable capitalism, highlighting significant turning points, essential themes, and new research directions. VOSViewer and R-Studio were used for implementing the techniques of citation, co-citation, and keyword analysis. The findings from the study have implications for multiple stakeholders. While the analysis could help researchers have a better understanding of the field and explore future research agendas, it can push the corporate houses to take necessary remedial actions for their past capitalist behavior. The study will also be beneficial for developing countries to understand the pressing issue of environmental damage and come up with cheaper yet effective ways to implement circular models of the economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the exponential convergence of delayed inertial Cohen-Grossberg neural networks (CGNNs) is studied. Two methods are adopted to discuss the inertial CGNNs, one is expressed as two first-order differential equations by selecting a variable substitution, and the other does not change the order of the system based on the nonreduced-order method. By establishing appropriate Lyapunov function and using inequality techniques, sufficient conditions are obtained to ensure that the discussed model converges exponentially to a ball with the prespecified convergence rate. Finally, two simulation examples are proposed to illustrate the validity of the theorem results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we continue the study of efficient algorithms for the computation of the Riemann zeta function on the complex plane. We introduce two precalculated arrays-based modifications of MB-method. We perform numerical experiments with these algorithms using Zetafast as a benchmark and apply the algorithms for the visualizations of fractal structures associated with the Riemann zeta function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the implementation of the concept of tax expenditures in the budgetary practice of many countries, theoretical studies of tax expenditures as a basis for their identification and quantification are still relevant. The emergence and development of the concept is accompanied by heated discussions about definition of normativе (benchmark) structure of tax and tax expenditures, as well as the classification of their individual elements. As a result, there is no uniform approach to defining the conceptual model of benchmark structure. This complicates the introduction of the concept of tax expenditures in those countries that set such a task for themselves, as well as their comparative qualitative and quantitative analysis in different countries. The purpose of this article is to generalize and further develop scientific approaches to determining the benchmark structure of the tax and its individual elements, as well as tax benefits and tax expenditures. The main results of this study are the classification of the main elements of the basic structure of the tax into groups and justification of their role in the identification of tax expenditures; defining "structural benefits" and "basic tax structure"; analysis of the report on other tax benefits in Ukraine and determination of the place and role of "structural benefits" in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the synchronization of a complex network based on a class of random impulsive differential equation systems. Based on the random impulsive strategy of Poisson distribution, a random impulsive dynamical network model is constructed. Using the Lyapunov principle, random process theory, linear matrix inequality method, and some basic analysis methods, we realize the global mean-square index synchronization of the model. We then get sufficient criteria for the synchronization. By presenting a numerical example, we verified the validity of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the large deviations for stochastic predator–prey model driven by multiplicative Lévy noise. Using Galerkin approximation, we initially prove the existence and uniqueness of solution. Due to the equivalence between Laplace principle and large deviation principle under a Polish space, the method of weak convergence has been followed in order to establish our results for this coupled system of equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we employ computational analysis to investigate the long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory formation in synapses between neurons. We use a mathematical model describing the synaptic transmission as a signal transduction pathway with a positive feedback loop formed by diffusion of nitric oxide (NO) to the presynaptic site. We found that the model of synaptic transmission exhibits a hysteresis-like behavior, where the strength of synaptic transmission depends not just on instantaneous interstimulus intervals, but also on the history of activity. The switching between resting and memory states can be induced by physiologically relevant and moderate (less than 50%) changes in the duration of interstimulus intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the existence of positive solutions to a Hadamard-type fractional integral boundary value problem using fixed point index. We construct a new linear operator and obtain our main results under some conditions concerning the spectral radius of this linear operator. Our method improves and generalizes some results in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose and analyze a prey–predator model with the functional response of Beddington–DeAngelis and the fear effect that have infection only in prey populations. We determine existence criteria of several equilibria, and the stability at different equilibria are presented. We exert pesticide control over prey and additional food control over predators, the optimal control is obtained by the Pontryagin maximum principle. We confirm that adding controls to the predator and prey yields better results. Further we enrich our analysis with the inclusion of the existence and uniqueness of the optimal control. Finally, some numerical results to illustrate our analysis are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the dynamics of intricate chaotic attractors of the nonlinear system modeling the dark matter and dark energy interactions is studied indulging fractal–fractional operator in the Caputo sense. The constructed strange attractors witness that the dynamics of the universe components is dominated by the fractal properties. The fractional entropies stemmed from the classical entropy are estimated with fractal parameter and graphically portrayed to measure the randomness of the dynamic variables associated with the proposed dynamical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we discuss an epidemic switched system. A susceptible–infected–treated model is considered. The course of an epidemic is profoundly influenced by the allocation of resources. If these resources are limited, then we need to devise an optimal distribution strategy. One significant case to study is when the drug supply is insufficient. We study a control problem that minimizes the total outbreak size of the epidemic and optimizes the rate of vaccination/isolation control by minimizing the suitable functional subject to resource constraints. In the end, simulations are performed for illustrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the nutrient-plankton system with effect of time delay in nutrient recycling and toxin-determined function response (TDFR). The designed model system explores the delay-induced system dynamics. We present the local stability analysis of interior equilibrium points in absence as well as in presence of time delay. Further, the direction of Hopf bifurcation is obtained. We perform the numerical computation and observe that time delay in nutrient recycling can generate the periodic solution in a stable nutrient-plankton system. Some other essential parameters, such as input concentration of nutrients and natural removal rate of nutrients, also regulate the dynamical system. The system shows Hopf and double-Hopf bifurcation in the presence of time delay. Our study shows that the delay in the nutrient recycling causes instability transition phenomenon. The delay-induced nutrient recycling and different input concentrations of nutrients can regulate the estuarine system. Finally, the stability switching is observed for delayed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]