1. Global Epidemiology and Genetics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
- Author
-
Toh MR, Wong EYT, Wong SH, Ng AWT, Loo LH, Chow PK, and Ngeow J
- Subjects
- Humans, Liver Cirrhosis epidemiology, Liver Cirrhosis genetics, Liver Cirrhosis complications, Risk Factors, North America epidemiology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular epidemiology, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular genetics, Liver Neoplasms epidemiology, Liver Neoplasms genetics
- Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading cancers worldwide. Classically, HCC develops in genetically susceptible individuals who are exposed to risk factors, especially in the presence of liver cirrhosis. Significant temporal and geographic variations exist for HCC and its etiologies. Over time, the burden of HCC has shifted from the low-moderate to the high sociodemographic index regions, reflecting the transition from viral to nonviral causes. Geographically, the hepatitis viruses predominate as the causes of HCC in Asia and Africa. Although there are genetic conditions that confer increased risk for HCC, these diagnoses are rarely recognized outside North America and Europe. In this review, we will evaluate the epidemiologic trends and risk factors of HCC, and discuss the genetics of HCC, including monogenic diseases, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, gut microbiome, and somatic mutations., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF