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In the tourism industry, the sales of local specialties is an important part, and the package design and integrity of the specialties are very important. This paper first introduced the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm that was used for detecting defects on the surface of paper packages. Then, the design of red wind packages was briefly described, and the simulation experiment was carried out on SVM algorithm using red wine packages with different degrees of surface defects. Proper parameters were tested using the k-fold cross-validation method. The results demonstrated that the properties of paper improved the value of packages and the SVM algorithm had better accuracy than artificial recognition in recognizing different degrees of defects on the surface of packages. In conclusion, this paper describes the application of paper in packages and provides an effective method for the defection of defects on the surface of packages. This study provides an effective references to the improvement of package values and the enhancement of package integrity.

Background:Newborn screening (NBS) is an established screening procedure in many countries worldwide, aiming at the early detection of inborn errors of metabolism. For decades, dried blood spots have been the standard specimen for NBS. The procedure of blood collection is well described and standardized and includes many critical pre-analytical steps. We examined the impact of contamination of some anticipated common substances on NBS results obtained from dry spot samples. This possible pre-analytical source of uncertainty has been poorly examined in the past.Methods:Capillary blood was obtained from 15 adult volunteers and applied to 10 screening filter papers per volunteer. Nine filter papers were contaminated without visible trace. The contaminants were baby diaper rash cream, baby wet wipes, disinfectant, liquid infant formula, liquid infant formula hypoallergenic (HA), ultrasonic gel, breast milk, feces, and urine. The differences between control and contaminated samples were evaluated for 45 NBS quantities. We estimated if the contaminations might lead to false-positive NBS results.Results:Eight of nine investigated contaminants significantly altered NBS analyte concentrations and potentially caused false-positive screening outcomes. A contamination with feces was most influential, affecting 24 of 45 tested analytes followed by liquid infant formula (HA) and urine, affecting 19 and 13 of 45 analytes, respectively.Conclusions:A contamination of filter paper samples can have a substantial effect on the NBS results. Our results underline the importance of good pre-analytical training to make the staff aware of the threat and ensure reliable screening results.

Background: Quantitative assays using dried filter paper bloodspots (DBS) may be adversely affected by hematocrit (HCT) as an unknown variable. Studies have demonstrated the utility of the measurement of potassium (K) from DBS punches to estimate HCT. Because there is significant accrual of RBCs at the DBS perimeter, we investigated whether K measurement from ring-shaped specimens inclusive of the perimeter might provide an advantage over conventional interior circular sub-punch samples to estimate HCT. Methods: Primary samples were Li-heparin whole blood, with HCT as measured on concurrently-drawn K-EDTA specimens. DBS were formed by bolus addition of 40 μL whole blood to filter paper cards. Total bloodspot area was determined by image analysis. Removal of center sub-punch (P) samples of fixed area produced remainder ring (R) samples inclusive of the perimeter. Samples were extracted in K-EDTA (2.5 mmol/L) and measured for diluent-corrected K per area (α, μmol K/cm2). Results: Forty-three patient samples were utilized. α was normally distributed: α(P)=1.23±0.26 μmol K/cm2; α(R)=1.86±0.41 μmol K/cm2; α(R)/α(P)=1.51±0.15. α was correlated with HCT: α(P)=0.030 HCT(%)+0.015 μmol K/cm2 (r2=0.795); α(R)=0.052 HCT(%)+0.010 μmol K/cm2 (r2 = 0.912), but with higher resolution and lesser error for α(R). Conclusions: K per area (α) was significantly higher in R samples vs. P samples, with higher resolution for α(R) vs. HCT. Use of ring samples inclusive of the perimeter to estimate HCT for DBS via K measurement can provide an advantage over use of center sub-punch samples.

Thermography is a non-destructive technique which uses infrared radiation to obtain the temperature distribution of an object. The technique is increasingly used in the pulp and paper industry. To convert the detected infrared radiation to a temperature, the emittance of the material must be known. For several influencing parameters the emittance of paper and board has not previously been studied in detail. This is partly due to the lack of emittance measurement methods that allow for studying the influence of these parameters.An angle-resolved goniometric method for measuring the infrared emittance of a material was developed in this thesis. The method is based on the reference emitter methodology, and uses commercial infrared cameras to determine the emittance. The method was applied to study the dependence on wavelength range, temperature, observation angle, moisture ratio, sample composition, and sample structure of the emittance of paper and board samples. It was found that the emittance varied significantly with wavelength range, observation angle and moisture ratio. The emittance was significantly higher in the LWIR (Long-Wavelength Infrared) range than in the MWIR (Mid-Wavelength Infrared) range. The emittance was approximately constant up to an observation angle of 60° in the MWIR range and 70° in the LWIR range, respectively. After that it started to decrease. The emittance of moist samples was significantly higher than that of dry samples. The influence of moisture ratio on the emittance could be estimated based on the moisture ratio of the sample, and the emittance of pure water and dry material, respectively.The applicability of measured emittance values was demonstrated in an investigation of the mechanical properties of sack paper samples. An infrared camera was applied to monitor the generation of heat during a tensile test of a paper sample. It was found that the observed increase in thermal energy at the time of rupture corresponded well to the value of the elastic energy stored in the sample just prior to rupture. The measured emittance value provided an increased accuracy in the thermal energy calculation based on the infrared images.

Real time paper surface-web measurement is one of the challenging research fields. The traditional laboratory method has many limitations and is unable to measure the entire tambour during the manufacturing process. It has been necessary to develop an online technique that could measure the surface topography in real time. An optical technique was developed, based on laser triangulation, and is applied to develop a new prototype device, which characterizes high speed paper-web surfaces over a wide scale of spatial wavelengths spectrum and computes the surface roughness in real time. The used multi channel pulsed laser diode, source of illumination onto the paper-web, is of benefit due to its low coherence length and is capable to deliver a powerful burst of light beam over a 1 µs duration, which delivers energy of 100 µJ per pulse. The short exposure time avoids blurriness in the acquired images which could possible due to the high speed and vibrations on the paper-web.The laser beam is shaped into a narrow line-of-light using cylindrical lenses and is projected onto a paper-web surface, which covers a physical length of about 210 mm. The created line-of-light cross section full width at half maximum, FWHM Gaussian distribution, is 2-3 pixels on the image. The line-of-light is projected onto the paper-web perpendicular to the plane of the surface. The low angled, low specular, reduced coherence length, scattered reflected laser line is captured by the 3 CCD sensors, which are synchronized with the laser source. The low specular light ensures to avoid saturation of the imaging sensors if the surface is very smooth, and obliquely captures the z-directional fine feature of the surface.The scattered phenomenon of the reflected light is responsible for the surface irregularity measurements. The basic image processing algorithm is applied in order to remove noise and cropped the images widthwise so that only pixels above a preset threshold gray level can be processed, which enables efficient real time measurement. The image is transformed into a 1D array using the center of gravity, COG. The accuracy and precision of the COG depends on the line-of-light FWHM, which, in turn, is responsible for the accuracy, noise and the resolution of the developed technique. The image subpixel resolution achieved is 0.01 times a pixel and uuncertainty in the raw data is 0.43 µm while it is 0.05 µm in the rms roughness.The signal processing steps combining the B-Spline filter and the filter in the spatial frequency domain were employed in order to separate roughness, waviness, and form and position error in the raw profile. The prototype is designed to measure online surface roughness and to characterize surface in a spatial wavelength spectrum from 0.09 to 30 mm, which is extendable to any required spatial range in order to cover a wide scale surface feature such as micro roughness, macro roughness and waviness. It is proven that exploitation of a simple laser triangulation technique could lead to an improvement in the overall quality and efficiency in the paper and paperboard industries and it can also be of potential interest for the other surface characterization problems.

Time-dependent, stochastic failure is most common in practical situations where paper and board are used, such as web breaks and box failure. A theoretical treatment has been presented, starting from Coleman’s stochastic failure model to the models with structural hierarchy. Creep failure data of box and board published in the literature were analysed from the light of the proposed theoretical model. The results showed that the distribution of life time (not only mean life time) of corrugated boxes changes very sensitively with loading and environmental conditions. Generally the coefficient of variation varied from 6% to 90%. Another important parameter, the load sensitivity of damage growth also varied from 1.7 to 27. Such enormous variation of the key parameters is not a mere fluctuation of experimental condition, but represents the very nature of timedependent, stochastic failure. The stochastic failure model presented provides a framework for analyzing experimental data as well as for predicting life time distributions under general fluctuating loading conditions other than creep.

Background: The specificity of screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia by direct measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone in filter paper dried blood spot samples by immunoassay is low and has a high false-positive rate. In order to reduce the false-positive rate of this test, we developed a rapid, robust, specific confirmatory procedure in which cortisol, 4-androstene-3,17-dione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were measured simultaneously by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Methods: After extraction, samples were analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and 17-hydroxyprogesterone was quantified accurately. Other steroids were determined using stable deuterated internal standards. In total, 25 patient blood spot samples and 92 control samples were analysed. Results: The assay was linear for 17-hydroxyprogesterone, with a coefficient of determination >0.997 and imprecision ≤6.5%. An upper limit of normal for 17-hydroxyprogester-one of 4.45 nmol/L was established by analysing a cohort of samples from unaffected newborns. In addition, a cut-off of 3.5 for the peak areas ratio (17-hydroxyprogesterone+4-androstene-3,17-dione)/cortisol, allows confirmation of the affected steroidogenic enzyme. Conclusions: A high throughput method for the detection of steroids related to congenital adrenal hyperplasia has been developed, allowing the false-positive rate associated with screening for 17-hydroxyprogesterone by immunoassay to be determined.

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) is a technique devoted to the identification and characterization of paramagnetic species, i.e. chemical species with unpaired electrons. Very common paramagnetic species which can be detected through EPR in historic paper are Fe(III), Mn(II), Cu(II) ions and radicals, where Fe(III), Cu(II) and radicals play a relevant role in paper degradation. Specifically, Fe(III) is almost ubiquitous in historic paper. Here we propose an overview of the EPR signals in historic and artificially aged paper, and in particular, we would like to show how a deep analysis of EPR signals from paper could provide useful information about the paper’s origin and unique indications of the degradation and oxidation level of the paper.

Les ions corrosifs de fer et de cuivre ainsi que les acides dans les encres ferro-galliques ferriques ainsi que dans le vert-de-gris et la malachite de certains pigmenst tendent a intensifier la degradation de papier. Un recent projet europeen commun denomme INKCor propose l'utilisation de bromures d'amonium tetraalkyles combines a des ethoxudes de magnesium dans de l'ethanol afin de mieux stabiliser ces composants. Dans l'article suivant l'effet potentiellement stabilisateur d'un autre type d'antioxydants - les bromures imides d'alkyles - est compare a celui obtenu a l'aide de traitement non aqueux de bromure d'amonium tetrabutyle et lors d'un traitement aqueux a base de phytate de calcium. Les deux nouveaux antioxydants objets de cette etude a savoir: bromure imidazole 1 de methyle 3 (EMINBr) et bromure imidazole 1 dimithyle 2,3 (BDMINBr) combines avec l'alcali magnesium ethoxide dans l'ethanol ont effectivement stabilise l'encre ferro-gallique du papier traite. L'effet de stabilisation obtenu a ete meilleur que celui antoxydants deja connus, comme par exemple les bromures d'amonium tetraalkyles et les deux phytates. On n'y a pas observe d'effets secondaires nocifs sur la couleur de l'encre, ce qui fait de ces deux antioxydants des alternatives interessantes au traitement aqueux au phytate de calcium couramment employe. On a pousuivi cette etude sur des echantillons de papier presentant une pigmentation due a la corrosion par le vert-de-gris et la malachite. Le traitement le plus efficace a ete dans ce cas celui a base de bromures d'amonium tetraalkyles et d'oxyde de magnesium en suspension dans une solution d'ethanol. Bien qu'on n'ait pas observe d'effets negatifs sur le papier contenant de l'encre ferro-gallique ou une pigmentation cuivree, il reste capital d'etudier les effets de ce traitement sur un certain nombre d'echantillons historiques avant de pouvoir passer a leur utilisation dans la restauration d'objets historiques.