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Objective: To investigate the addition of dietary fiber in infant formula approved in recent 5 years., Methods: A total of 1438 infant formula milk powder approved in China from January 2017 to June 2022 were collected and the addition rate, content and mixture of dietary fiber components such as galactooligosaccharide(FOS), fructooligosaccharide(GOS), polyfructose, polyglucose, raffinose and yeast β-dextran were statistically analyzed., Results: Among the 1438 infant formulas, 84.07%(1209) were added with dietary fiber, and the addition rate increased yearly. Among them, the addition rate of GOS(79.82%) and FOS(79.74%) was the highest, and the median amount of dietary fiber components was 3.00 g/100 g. Among the products added with various dietary fiber components, there were 762 products added with GOS and FOS, The addition ratios of GOS and FOS were mainly concentrated at 1∶1., Conclusion: The addition rate of dietary fiber in infant formula milk powder in China is constantly increasing, however there are large differences in the addition amount, dietary fiber combination and proportion of different products.

Objective: To develop the nutrient profiling model based on the nutrition and health status of Chinese residents, and comprehensively evaluate the nutritional quality of food and dietary pattern., Methods: Nutrient-and food group-indexes closely related to the main health problems of Chinese residents were screened and determined based on the level of evidence. Different food and dietary patterns were taken as examples to calculate the nutrient dense score., Results: The nutrient indexes of this model included protein, dietary fiber, vitamin D, sodium, potassium, calcium, saturated fatty acid and sugar. Food group indexes included whole grain and legume, fruit, vegetable, soybean and nut., Conclusion: Nutrient profiling model included both nutrient-and food group-indexes could provide a more comprehensive evaluation on nutrient density of food and diet, and the rationality of diet align with dietary guidelines.

Objective: To establish a high performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection for a variety of vitamin K and to assess the content of vitamin K in animal foods., Methods: Animal foods were hydrolyzed by 0.2 g lipase and 0.1 g protease in pH 8 for 4 hours, extracted with isooctane followed by rotary evaporation and reconstitution. The mobile phase was 900 mL methanol and 100 mL tetrahydrofuran which contained 5 mmol glacial acetic acid, 11 mmol zinc chloride and 6 mmol anhydrous sodium acetate. The content of vitamin K&#95;1, menaquinone-4(MK-4), and menaquinone-7(MK-7)were separated on Atlantis T3 column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm)by high-performance liquid chromatography. The fluorescence detector was set at a wavelength of 320 nm for excitation and 410.3 nm for emission., Results: The linear range of the method was 0.01-0.40 μg/mL, and coefficient of determination was > 0.999. The spiked recoveries were 84.4%-124.2% with relative standard deviation was <6%(n=6). MK-4 was the main form of vitamin K in pork and chicken. The highest content of vitamin K&#95;1 was found in beef, and MK-7 could be detected in aquatic products., Conclusion: The proposed method is successfully applied for the determination of vitamin K in animal foods. A variety of vitamin K are distributed differently in distinct animals.

Objective: To collect the data on the sodium content of Chinese per-packaged foods, and to analyze the variation trend of sodium content., Methods: 1279 data on the sodium content of per-packaged foods in all were recorded and analyzed through the investigation of per-packaged food nutrition labels, and were categorized into 31 varieties. Median sodium content and variation were calculated for each variety and compared with 2004 sodium content data on China Food Composition., Results: There are 6 per-packaged foods varieties has the median sodium content more than 500 mg/100 g. The food varieties with the highest mean sodium content were ready-to-eat food(2500 mg/100 g), followed by instant noodles (1900 mg/100 g). Compared with 1991 -2004 per-packaged foods sodium content, 13 varieties had medium sodium content that increased, and 5 varieties increased significantly, such as cake, liquid milk, instant noodles etc., Conclusion: The survey show that sodium content of some per-packaged food increased.

Objective: To observe the potential effects of Lepidium meyemii Waip (MACA) on body fat, sexual hormone, bone metabolism in post-ovariectomized rats., Method: Healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham operated group, ovariectomized model group (OVX), OVX + estrogen treated group (0.3 g/kg), OVX + Maca low dose treated group (0.3 g/kg), OVX + Maca middle dose treated group (0.6 g/kg) and OVX + Maca high dose treated group (1.8 g/kg). After 7 weeks treated the rats were sacrificed, the body weight, uterus and adrenal gland weight were measured, the blood lipids, sexual hormone, bone metabolism were analyzed., Results: In ovariectomized model group (GYX) the level of estrogen, progesterone, testosterone and the weigh of uterine and adrenal were decreased, the body weight gain, serum lipid and the activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were increased (compared with sham operated group, P < 0.01), though the change of femoral bone density and mineral content was not observed. The blood estrogen and BPG level were increased in OVX + MACA high dose treated group, and had less uterine weight loss and body weight gain, while, the triglyceride, LDL-C and ALP level were similar to sham operated group., Conclusion: Dietary supplementation with Maca may have potential effects on prevention from poatmenopausal lipid abnormality and bone metabolism via a different mechanism from estrogen.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of live flora on lactose absorption in male adult lactose-malabsorbers., Methods: After giving consents, 45 health male adult volunteers were challenged with 20 g lactose in 200 ml water in the morning without breakfast. The expired samples of breath were collected at every 30 min point in 3 hours. 24 persons were chosen as subjects (lactose-malabsorbers) when their expired H2 of any time point was 30 micromol/mol more than the baseline, and divided into 3 groups randomly. The test dairy were yogurt (Y) and heat-treated yogurt (HY), and acidified gelled milk (M), all containing 20 g lactose. The study was double blind, randomized and 3 x 3 latin square design. Three group subjects ingested the 3 different dairy products in 3 different days. The washout time was 7 days. After drinking each dairy in the morning without breakfast, the expired samples at every 30 min were collected during 8 hours test time with no food and no violent exercise. Hydrogen concentration of expired sample was detected by gas chromatography., Results: The peak hydrogen concentration (Cmax) of yogurt is significant less than heat-treated yogurt and milk (Y 113.2 +/- 70.2, HY 186.5 +/- 96.7, M 174.7 +/- 73.9). The peak time of Cmax (Tmax) of yogurt is significant more than milk (Y 390 +/- 86, M 305 +/- 105). The area under the hydrogen concentration curve (AUC) of yogurt is significant less than the other two dairy products (Y 14,900.1 +/- 12,206.2, HY 27,389.5 +/- 20,429.8, M 25,648.2 +/- 14,064.0)., Conclusion: The live flora in dairy product could improve lactose digestion in male adult lactose malabsorbers.