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The congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), characterized by malformation of the diaphragm and lung hypoplasia, is a common and severe birth defect that affects around 1 in 4000 live births. However, the etiology of most cases of CDH remains unclear. The aim of this study was to perform a retrospective analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) using a high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) in a cohort of fetuses and newborns with CDH.Forty seven fetuses and newborns with either isolated or syndromic CDH were analyzed by oligonucleotide-based array-CGH Agilent 180K technique.A mean of 10.2 CNVs was detected by proband with a total number of 480 CNVs identified based on five categories: benign, likely benign, of uncertain signification, likely pathogenic, and pathogenic. Diagnostic performance was estimated at 19.15% (i.e., likely pathogenic and pathogenic CNVs) for both CDH types. We identified 11 potential candidate genes: COL25A1, DSEL, EYA1, FLNA, MECOM, NRXN1, RARB, SPATA13, TJP2, XIRP2, and ZFPM2.We suggest that COL25A1, DSEL, EYA1, FLNA, MECOM, NRXN1, RARB, SPATA13, TJP2, XIRP2, and ZFPM2 genes may be related to CDH occurrence. Thus, this study provides a possibility for new methods of a positive diagnosis.

Distributional shifts in species ranges provide critical evidence of ecological responses to climate change. Assessments of climate-driven changes typically focus on broad-scale range shifts (e.g. poleward or upward), with ecological consequences at regional and local scales commonly overlooked. While these changes are informative for species presenting continuous geographic ranges, many species have discontinuous distributions-both natural (e.g. mountain or coastal species) or human-induced (e.g. species inhabiting fragmented landscapes)-where within-range changes can be significant. Here, we use an ecosystem engineer species (Sabellaria alveolata) with a naturally fragmented distribution as a case study to assess climate-driven changes in within-range occupancy across its entire global distribution. To this end, we applied landscape ecology metrics to outputs from species distribution modelling (SDM) in a novel unified framework. SDM predicted a 27.5% overall increase in the area of potentially suitable habitat under RCP 4.5 by 2050, which taken in isolation would have led to the classification of the species as a climate change winner. SDM further revealed that the latitudinal range is predicted to shrink because of decreased habitat suitability in the equatorward part of the range, not compensated by a poleward expansion. The use of landscape ecology metrics provided additional insights by identifying regions that are predicted to become increasingly fragmented in the future, potentially increasing extirpation risk by jeopardising metapopulation dynamics. This increased range fragmentation could have dramatic consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning. Importantly, the proposed framework-which brings together SDM and landscape metrics-can be widely used to study currently overlooked climate-driven changes in species internal range structure, without requiring detailed empirical knowledge of the modelled species. This approach represents an important advancement beyond predictive envelope approaches and could reveal itself as paramount for managers whose spatial scale of action usually ranges from local to regional.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of being overweight and metabolic syndrome (MS) among people living with HIV (PHIV) in three different cross-sectional studies conducted over three different periods: 2005, 2011 and 2015. Methods: This was a multi-centre, nationwide study. Data were collected in three studies from the CISAI group - SIMOne, HIV-HY and STOPSHIV - and included a total of 3014 PHIV. Logistic regression [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI)] was used to account for age and gender difference among three groups when comparing MS prevalence and being overweight; potential confounders were accounted for by including them in the regression equation. Results: Overall, the mean age was 46.9±10.2years, and men comprised 73.3% of participants. Comparing 2005, 2011 and 2015, MS was present in 34.5%, 33.0% and 29.3% of PHIV, respectively. Adjusted OR for MS was 0.64 (95% CI: 0.52-0.78) in 2011 and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.46-0.69) in 2015 compared with 2005, while BMI (kg/m2 ) increased from 23.6 in 2005, 24.5 in 2011 and 24.5 in 2015, with a concomitant increase of being overweight from 29.4% to 39.5% to 39.6% (p&nbsp

International audience; We present here the syntheses and structural characterizations of inorganic polymeric cluster compounds, Cs[Mn(salen)](3)[{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)(6)] (1) and (H3O)(TBA)[Mn(salen)](2)[{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)(6)] (2) (TBA=tetrabutylammonium ((n-C4H9)(4)N+)), built-up from [{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)(6)](4-) molecular building blocks and Mn(salen)(+) complexes (salen = salen = N,N '-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine). The nature of additional counter cations (i. e. Cs+ or TBA(+)) enables to control the interactions between the [{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)(6)](4-) building blocks and the Mn(salen)(+) groups. Thus, 1 was obtained by slow diffusion of a methanol solution of K2Cs2[{Mo6Br6Se2}(CN)(6)] cluster compound into a methanol solution of Mn(salen)ClO4. 2 was obtained in a similar way but after the addition of tetrabutylammonium bromide into the solution of Mn(salen)ClO4. 1 is a bimetallic 3D coordination compound ( R3?c ${R\bar{3}c}$ ) and 2 is a bimetallic 2D compound ( P1? ${P\bar{1}}$ ). Structural correlations between 1 and 2 are discussed and compared with relevant examples found in the literature.

International audience; The reactivity of kappa(2)-N,S-chelated ruthenium borate complexes, [Ru(PPh3)(kappa(2)-N,S-(NC7H4S2)Ru{kappa(3)-H,S,S '-H2B (NC7H4S2)(2)}] (1 a) and [Ru(PPh3)(kappa(2)-N,S-(NC5H4S){kappa(3)-H,S,S '-H2B(NC5H4S)(2)}] (1 b) with monoboranes have been explored. The prolonged room temperature reaction of [Ru(PPh3){kappa(2)-N,S-(NC7H4S2)}{kappa(3)-H,S,S '-H2B(NC7H4S2)(2)}], 1 a with an excess of [BH3 center dot THF] led to the formation of hydrogen-rich complex, arachno-[PPh3(kappa(2)-B3H8)Ru{kappa(3)-H,S,S '-H2B(NC7H4S2)(2)] (2). In a similar fashion, the isomeric ruthenatetraborane complexes of [Ru(PPh3)(kappa(2)-N,S-(B3H8){kappa(3)-H,S,S '-H2B(NC5H4S)(2)}], 4 and 5 were isolated from the room temperature reaction of 1 b with [BH3 center dot THF]. In complex 2, the borate ligand, [H2B(NC5H4S)(2)] and the PPh3 occupy the endo and exo sites of the butterfly-shaped RuB3 core, respectively. In contrast, the borate unit [H2B(NC5H4S)(2)] in 4 sits on the exo position of the butterfly core, while the phosphine ligand occupies the endo site. Multinuclear spectroscopic analyses were done to characterize all new complexes and the structures were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to probe into the bonding modes of these complexes.

Objectives: To describe the outcomes of preterm born infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH; ≤32.0 weeks of gestation) and the associations between prenatal imaging markers and survival. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Multicentre study in large referral centres. Population: Infants with an isolated unilateral CDH, live born at 32.0 weeks or less of gestation, between January 2009 and January 2020. Methods: Neonatal outcomes were evaluated for infants that were expectantly managed during pregnancy and infants that underwent fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion (FETO) therapy, separately. We evaluated the association between prenatal imaging markers and survival to discharge. Prenatal imaging markers included observed to expected lung-to-head ratio (o/e LHR), side of the defect, liver position, stomach position grade, and observed to expected total fetal lung volume (o/e TFLV). Main Outcome Measure: Survival to discharge. Results: We included 53 infants born at 30 +4 (interquartile range 29 +1–31 +2) weeks. Survival in fetuses expectantly managed during pregnancy was 48% (13/27) in left-sided CDH and 33% (2/6) in right-sided CDH. Survival in fetuses that underwent FETO therapy was 50% (6/12) in left-sided CDH and 25% (2/8) in right-sided CDH. The o/e LHR at baseline was positively associated with survival in cases expectantly managed during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR] 1.20, 95% CI 1.07–1.42, p < 0.01), but not in cases that received FETO therapy (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.88–1.15, p = 0.87). Stomach position grade (p = 0.03) and o/e TFLV were associated with survival (p = 0.02); liver position was not (p = 0.13). Conclusions: In infants with CDH born at or before 32 weeks of gestation, prenatal imaging markers of disease severity were associated with postnatal survival.

International audience; Synthesis, bonding and chemistry of mono- and bimetallic complexes supported by chelating thiolato ligands have been established. Treatment of [Cp*VCl2](3) (1) with [LiBH4 center dot THF] followed by the addition of ethane-1,2-dithiol led to the formation of an EPR active bimetallic vanadium thiolato complex [(Cp*V){mu-(SCH2CH2S)-kappa S-2,S')(2){V(SCH2CH2S-SH)}] (2). In complex 2, two ethane-1,2-dithiolato ligands are symmetrically coordinated to two vanadium atoms through mu-S atoms. Interestingly, when similar reactions were carried out with heavier group 5 metal precursors, such as [Cp*NbCl4] (3 a), it afforded monometallic thiolato complex [Cp*Nb(SCH2CH2S)(SCH2CH2S-CH2S)] (4 a). On the other hand, the Ta-analogue [Cp*TaCl4] (3 b) yielded thiolato species [Cp*Ta(SCH2CH2S)(SCH2CH2S-CH2S)] (4 b) and [Cp*Ta(SCH2CH2S) (SCH2CH2S-S)] (5). In complexes 4 a and 4 b, one ethane-1,2-dithiolato and one trithiolato ligand are coordinated to Nb and Ta centers, respectively. Whereas, in complex 5, one ethane-1,2-dithiolato and one 2-disulfanylethanethiolato is coordinated to the Ta center. Moreover, the photolytic reaction of 5 with [Mo(CO)(5) center dot THF] yielded heterobimetallic thiolato complex [(Cp*Ta){mu-(SCH2CH2S)-kappa S-2,S '}{mu-(SCH2CH2S-CH2(CH3)S)kappa S-2 '' : kappa S-1-'''' : kappa S-1 '''''}{Mo(CO)(3)}] (6). All the complexes have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Further, computational analyses were performed to provide an insight into the bonding of these complexes.

International audience; This study deals with the nanoarchitectonic concept applied to the design of photoelectrodes built on two types of cluster core building blocks, namely, {Re6S8i} and {Re6Se8i}. The effect of the nature of the metal/ligand on photoinduced conductivity properties is thus investigated through an in-depth photoelectrochemical study and it is rationalized by the establishment of an energy diagram using a set of complementary optical (ultraviolet-vis-near infrared), electrochemical and spectroscopic (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) characterization techniques. The optical and electronic properties of {Re(6)Q(8)(i)}-based films (Q = S or Se) are drastically dependent on the composition. The sulfide-based photoelectrodes exhibit ambipolar behavior with an n-type domination whereas the selenide-based photoelectrodes have a p-type semiconducting behavior. Such electronic properties can be exalted by increasing the interactions between the cluster building blocks by heating. The design of mixed {Re(6)Q(8)(i)}-based photoelectrodes combining the two n-{Re6S8i} and p-{Re6Se8i} cluster core-based building blocks is explored. The physical properties of the heterostructures can be tuned by controlling the {Re6S8i}:{Re6Se8i} ratio and the interaction between the clusters. The creation of such nanoarchitectonic p-n junctions allows the optimization of the photocurrents generated by increasing the separated charge state lifetime that turns out to be attractive for solar cell applications.

OBJECTIVE Evaluation of relevance and feasibility of universal newborn congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMVI) screening in saliva. DESIGN Retrospective, population-based cohort study. SETTING Clamart, France, 2016-2020. POPULATION All neonates born consecutively in our level III maternity unit. METHODS CMV PCR in saliva for all neonates at birth, and, if positive, CMV PCR in urine to confirm or exclude cCMVI. Prospective and retrospective characterisation of maternal infections. ROC curve analysis to assess saliva PCR performances. Acceptability of screening among staff members evaluated by a survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Number of cCMVI neonates; number of expected and unexpected cCMVI. RESULTS Among 15 341 tested neonates, 63 had cCMVI (birth prevalence of 0.4%, 95% CI 0.3-0.5). In 50% of cases, maternal infection was a non-primary infection (NPI) during pregnancy. cCMVI was expected or suspected (maternal primary infection [PI], antenatal or neonatal signs) in 24/63 neonates (38%), and unexpected in 39/63 neonates (62%). The best CMV saliva threshold to predict cCMVI was 356 (2.55 log) copies/ml [95% CI 2.52 log-3.18 log], with an area under the ROC curve of 0.97. Over 90% of the 72 surveyed staff members reported that the screening was easy and quick. No parent refused the screening. CONCLUSIONS Universal screening for cCMVI with CMV PCR on saliva samples is feasible and highly acceptable to parents and healthcare providers. Over half (62%) of the cases had no prenatal/neonatal signs of cCMVI or a maternal history of CMV infection during pregnancy and would probably not have been diagnosed without universal screening. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT In 62% of congenital cytomegalovirus infection cases, only universal neonatal screening in saliva can detect infection.

Aim: In coastal marine systems, biogenic reef-building species have great importance for conservation as they provide habitat for a wide range of species, promoting biodiversity, ecosystem functioning and services. Biogenic reef persistence and recovery from perturbations depend on recolonization by new recruits. Characterizing larval dispersal among distant reefs is key to understanding how connectivity shapes metapopulation structure and determines network coherence; all of which are of critical importance for effective conservation. Location: Northeast Atlantic coast and western English Channel, France. Methods: We used a biophysical transport model to simulate larval dispersal of the reef-building polychaete Sabellaria alveolata. We combined dispersal modelling and network analysis into a framework aiming to identify key reef areas and critical dispersal pathways, whose presence in the network is vital to its overall coherence. We evaluated changes in dispersal pathways constrained by different connectivity thresholds, i.e., minimum dispersal rate for the presence of a connection. We tested scenarios of sequential loss of reefs: randomly, by habitat quality (a score for reef status and occupancy in an area) or by betweenness centrality metric (BC; quantifying the proportion of shortest paths connecting all areas that are passing through any given area). Results: We found that the network of S. alveolata reefs forms two main regional clusters, the Atlantic coast and the English Channel, which are connected only through weak sporadic dispersal events. Within each cluster, the network is characterized by relatively high connectivity among neighbouring areas with reefs, maintained even under higher connectivity thresholds. Simulating scenarios of sequential loss of reefs further identified high centrality reefs, those with highest BC values, key to network coherence. Main conclusions: Effective conservation of this important reef habitat requires a network of protected areas designed to sustain a combination of locally important source reefs, and those that act as stepping stones connecting distant reefs.

Whereas iron catalysts usually promote catalyzed C3-alkylation of indole derivatives via a borrowing-hydrogen methodology using alcohols as the electrophilic partners, this contribution shows how to switch the selectivity towards N-alkylation. Thus, starting from indoline derivatives, N-alkylation was efficiently performed using a tricarbonyl(cyclopentadienone) iron complex as the catalyst in trifluoroethanol in the presence of alcohols leading to the corresponding N-alkylated indoline derivatives in 31-99 % yields (28 examples). The one-pot, two-step strategy for the selective N-alkylation of indolines is completed by an oxidation to give the corresponding N-alkylated indoles in 31-90 % yields (15 examples). This unprecedented oxidation methodology involves an iron salt catalyst associated with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) and a stoichiometric amount of t-BuOOH at room temperature.

We report the straightforward one-pot synthesis of novel 5- or 6-membered P-heterocycles featuring an internal ylidic bond: P-containing acenaphthylenes and phenanthrenes. The stability of the compounds tolerates post-functionalization through direct arylation to introduce electron-rich/poor substituents and the synthetic strategy is also compatible with the preparation of more elaborate polyaromatic scaffolds such as acenes and helicenes. Using a joint experimental (X-ray analysis, optical and redox properties) and theoretical approach, we perform a full structure-property relationships study on these new platforms. In particular, we show that molecular engineering allows not only tuning their absorption/emission across the entire visible range but also endowing them with chiroptical or non-linear optical properties, making them valuable dyes for a large panel of photonic or opto-electronic applications.

Background Sarcopenia is the progressive generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function that occurs with aging. This study was undertaken to identify new biomarkers of sarcopenia by proteomics analysis of female sera. Methods A case–control study was set up, for which 19 sarcopenic subjects and 20 control subjects, according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia Older People criteria published in 2010 (EWGSOP1), were enrolled. All the subjects were at least 65 years old and in majority female. Biomarker screening was performed by a comparative mass spectrometry analysis. Protein expression levels between the two groups were compared. One of the identified biomarkers, cathepsin D, was measured by immunoassay on the serum of the full sample set (n = 39). Its diagnostic performance was evaluated with a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve). Results Two biomarkers were identified: fructose‐biphosphate aldolase A (P ≤ 0.05) and cathepsin D (P ≤ 0.05). The levels of all of them were higher in sarcopenic patients. It was confirmed by immunoassay that cathepsin D levels in serum were significantly higher in the sarcopenic group of patients (P = 0.038). An inverse correlation (−0.385) was observed between cathepsin D levels in serum and gait speed. The area under the ROC curve measurement (AUC = 0.696) demonstrated that cathepsin D levels could discriminate between sarcopenic and non‐sarcopenic subjects. A predictive model including cathepsin D, age, and body mass index was established to improve the diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.908). Conclusions Cathepsin D has been identified as a diagnostic biomarker of sarcopenia.