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Abstract Background Carcinoma‐associated thrombocytosis involves tumor production of mediators such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and thrombopoietin (TPO) that increase thrombopoiesis and may play a role in tumor evasion and metastasis. Carcinoma‐associated thrombocytosis is described in people, but has not been described in dogs. Hypothesis/Objectives Evaluate the concentrations of IL‐6 and TPO in dogs diagnosed with carcinoma with or without thrombocytosis. We hypothesized that IL‐6 and TPO concentrations would be higher in dogs with carcinoma compared to healthy dogs, and that IL‐6 and TPO concentrations would be higher in dogs with carcinoma and thrombocytosis when compared to dogs with carcinoma and normal platelet counts. Animals One‐hundred sixteen dogs: 63 with carcinoma and 53 healthy control dogs. Methods Complete blood count was performed in all dogs, and they were stratified for sub‐group analysis based on the presence or absence of thrombocytosis (platelet count > 500 103/µL). Serum TPO and IL‐6 concentrations were measured by ELISA. Results of selected numeric variables were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests for pairwise comparisons. A value of P < .05 was considered significant. Results Twelve of the dogs with carcinoma (12/63, 19.0%) and none of the healthy control dogs (0%) had thrombocytosis. Thrombopoietin concentrations (median [range]) were significantly higher in dogs with carcinoma when compared to controls (87.42 pg/mL [0 to >600] vs 15.99 pg/mL [0 to >600], P