1. Gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone and kisspeptin: It takes two to tango
- Author
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Renaud Fleurot, Jonas Lehnert, Anne Duittoz, Anmar Khadra, Xavier Cayla, Physiologie de la reproduction et des comportements [Nouzilly] (PRC), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], and Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation [Saumur]-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
- Subjects
endocrine system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,GPR54 ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biology ,Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ,Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ,kisspeptin ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,0302 clinical medicine ,Endocrinology ,Kisspeptin ,Internal medicine ,Conditional gene knockout ,medicine ,Animals ,Premovement neuronal activity ,Sexual Maturation ,mathematical modelling ,Receptor ,Ovulation ,030304 developmental biology ,media_common ,Mammals ,Kisspeptins ,0303 health sciences ,[SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health ,Gnrh receptor ,Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ,Mechanism (biology) ,GnRH receptor ,[SDV.BDLR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology ,GnRH ,Female ,[SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC] ,Neuroscience ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Receptors, Kisspeptin-1 ,Hormone - Abstract
International audience; Kisspeptin (Kp), a family of peptides comprising products of the Kiss1 gene, was discovered 20 years ago; it is recognised as the major factor controlling the activity of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones and thus the activation of the reproductive axis in mammals. It has been widely documented that the effects of Kp on reproduction through its action on GnRH neurones are mediated by the GPR54 receptor. Kp controls the activation of the reproductive axis at puberty, maintains reproductive axis activity in adults and is involved in triggering ovulation in some species. Although there is ample evidence coming from both conditional knockout models and conditional-induced Kp neurone death implicating the Kp/GPR54 pathway in the control of reproduction, the mechanism(s) underlying this process may be more complex than a sole direct control of GnRH neuronal activity by Kp. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances made in elucidating the interplay between Kp- and GnRH- neuronal networks with respect to regulating the reproductive axis. We highlight the existence of a possible mutual regulation between GnRH and Kp neurones, as well as the implication of Kp-dependent volume transmission in this process. We also discuss the capacity of heterodimerisation between GPR54 and GnRH receptor (GnRH-R) and its consequences on signalling. Finally, we illustrate the role of mathematical modelling that accounts for the synergy between GnRH-R and GPR54 in explaining the role of these two receptors when defining GnRH neuronal activity and GnRH pulsatile release.
- Published
- 2021