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Aim To describe the registry design of the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine - out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (JAAM-OHCA) Registry as well as its profile on hospital information, patient and emergency medical service characteristics, and in-hospital procedures and outcomes among patients with OHCA who were transported to the participating institutions. Methods The special committee aiming to improve the survival after OHCA by providing evidence-based therapeutic strategies and emergency medical systems from the JAAM has launched a multicenter, prospective registry that enrolled OHCA patients who were transported to critical care medical centers or hospitals with an emergency care department. The primary outcome was a favorable neurological status 1 month after OHCA. Results Between June 2014 and December 2015, a total of 12,024 eligible patients with OHCA were registered in 73 participating institutions. The mean age of the patients was 69.2 years, and 61.0% of them were male. The first documented shockable rhythm on arrival of emergency medical services was 9.0%. After hospital arrival, 9.4% underwent defibrillation, 68.9% tracheal intubation, 3.7% extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 3.0% intra-aortic balloon pumping, 6.4% coronary angiography, 3.0% percutaneous coronary intervention, 6.4% targeted temperature management, and 81.1% adrenaline administration. The proportion of cerebral performance category 1 or 2 at 1 month after OHCA was 3.9% among adult patients and 5.5% among pediatric patients. Conclusions The special committee of the JAAM launched the JAAM-OHCA Registry in June 2014 and continuously gathers data on OHCA patients. This registry can provide valuable information to establish appropriate therapeutic strategies for OHCA patients in the near future.

Aims Many experimental studies have reported that intra-arrest cooling during cardiac arrest is a promising treatment to mitigate brain injury. However, there is no clinically established method for cooling the brain during cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that, as blood flow in the lungs must be very slow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the blood could be cooled by ventilating the lungs with cooled oxygen like a radiator, and that this cooled blood would in turn cool the brain. The aim of this study was to develop equipment to cool oxygen for this purpose and to confirm its safety on a group of volunteers. Methods We developed new equipment that cools oxygen by running it through a vinyl chloride coil submerged in a bottle of water and frozen at −80°C. Using this equipment, seven volunteers were given oxygen by mask, and their blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral saturation of oxygen were measured. The temperature in the mask was also measured. Results This equipment was able to decrease the temperature in the mask to −5°C at the Jackson Rees circuit for an oxygen flow of 10 L/min. Among the volunteer group, vital signs were unchanged and the temperature in the mask decreased from 30.1 ± 2.6°C (mean ± standard deviation) to 15.9 ± 9.6°C. No adverse effects were observed in the volunteers after experimentation. Conclusion We successfully developed new equipment to cool oxygen and established its safety in a volunteer study.

Here, we report a case of Cockayne syndrome (CS) in a Japanese man who displayed a unique pathology of phosphorylated trans-activation response (TAR) DNA-binding protein 43 (pTDP-43) with abundant Rosenthal fibers. Many round pTDP-43-positive structures were detected throughout the CNS; however, most of them were located in two regions that also exhibited neuronal depletion: the cerebellar cortex and the inferior olivary nucleus. To a lesser extent, these aggregates were also present in the cerebellar white matter, around the subependymal regions in the brain stem, and in the spinal cord. Intraneuronal pTDP-43 inclusions were only observed in a small number of neurons in the inferior olivary nucleus. Double-label immunofluorescence revealed that many of the aggregates were localized to astrocytes. The observed distribution and the morphology of the pTDP-43-positive structures were unique and have not yet been reported. Therefore, a pTDP-43-related pathology may be implicated in CS as well as in other neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Whether the pathology of these diseases reflects a primary neurodegenerative process or a secondary reaction is not known.

Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) decreases the apolipoprotein E (apoE)-mediated uptake of lipoprotein remnants by the liver, and a high plasma concentration of apoC-III in VLDL is associated with hypertriglyceridemia and the risk of coronary heart disease. In this study, we prepared lipid emulsions containing triolein, phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol as model particles of lipoproteins, and examined the roles of apoC-III in apoE-mediated uptake of emulsions by HepG2 cells. Cholesterol in emulsion particles enhanced the apoE-mediated uptake via heparan sulfate proteoglycan and LDL receptor-related protein pathways. The amount of apoE bound to emulsion particles was increased by the presence of cholesterol at the particle surface, whereas cholesterol had no effect on the binding amount of apoC-III. Surface cholesterol alleviated the inhibitory effect of apoC-III on apoE incorporation into the emulsion surface. However, ApoC-III almost completely inhibited the apoE-mediated uptake of cholesterol-containing emulsions despite sufficient binding of apoE to emulsions. These findings suggest that apoC-III attenuates the binding of apoE to the lipoprotein surface and apoE-mediated cellular uptake of lipoprotein remnants. Furthermore, cholesterol may affect these functions of apoC-III and apoE involved in the clearance of lipoprotein remnants.

目的:脳動脈瘤破裂によるクモ膜下出血(SAH)患者に脳動脈瘤からのminor leakによるwarning headache(警告頭痛)を認めることがある。本研究の目的は,warning headache後に再出血を起こした患者の臨床経過の特徴と早期に治療を開始するための必要条件を明らかにすることである。対象と方法:過去5年間に当院に搬送された脳動脈瘤破裂によるSAH患者194例で検討した。入院までの経緯は,来院時に家族や親類,友人および救急隊などから得た現病歴を参考にした。本研究では,「最近のこれまで経験したことのない突然発症型の頭痛」をwarning headache (first SAH)と定義し,warning headacheを経験した群(WH+群)とwarning headacheを経験しなかった群(WH-群)の2群に分類しWH+群の特徴を検索した。結果:WH+群は49例(25.3%)で,すべて来院時WFNS分類grade IV, Vであった。そのうち34例(69.4%)がwarning headache後も医療機関を受診せず自宅や職場で安静にし経過観察をしていた。直ちに医療機関を受診したのは15例(30.6%)で,このうち4例でSAHの診断がなされず帰宅している。warning headacheから再出血までの時間は,2時間以内:65.3% (32/49例)が多く,24時間から1週間以内の症例は全体の20.4%であった。WH+群の死亡率は81.6%で,WH-群のうちWFNS分類grade I-III群(9.1%; p

Relative yields of C78 fullerene isomers are very sensitive to He pressure in the graphite vaporization chamber. This phenomenon can be explained in terms of the bond resonance energy (BRE), a measure of kinetic stability proposed by us. It was found that the thermodynamically most stable isomer of C78 is not kinetically very stable. Consequently, when He pressure is low, kinetically more stable isomers, rather than the lowest-energy isomer, have a larger chance of survival. At higher He pressure, the lowest-energy isomer is generated preferentially and so will earn a large chance of isolation. Thus, kinetic stability has a crucial influence on the yield of the various isomers in the product. A small HOMO–LUMO gap is closely related to the existence of highly reactive substructures in the molecule ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 74: 753–760, 1999

The ultrastructure of ubiquitin-positive intraneuronal inclusions in extra-motor cortices was examined in two patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with dementia (ALS-D) using paired routine electron microscopic ultrathin sections and adjacent 1 μm thick semithin sections. The ubiquitin-positive structures consisted mainly of granules associated with a few filaments of approximately 15 nm in diameter. The granules seemed to consist of altered ribosomes, namely they were less electron dense and more irregular and had more amorphous outlines than did the ribosomes in non-ubiquitinated cytoplasms. Our findings suggest the development of ribosome-associated and ubiquitin-related abnnormalities in the neurons of the extra-motor cortices of ALS-D patients.

Stress migration (SM) has become a serious issue with the development of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices for high-frequency application. For the first time, this paper discusses epitaxially grown Al electrode films as a countermeasure to SM. It also discusses a method of epitaxial growth of Al electrode films for an SAW resonator deposited onto quartz substrates. It is found that an epitaxially grown film has been fabricated under relatively moderate deposition conditions in vacuum evaporation. The orientation relation for this epitaxial growth is (311) «233»Al//(032)«100»SiO2. The SM lifetime for the SAW resonator thus obtained is found to be more than 2000 times longer and the allowable power value is improved by one order of magnitude more than that usually obtained for polycrystalline Al films with Cu. A discussion of the epitaxial growth mode and lifetime of electromigration also is presented.

Direct numerical simulation was performed for a spatially advancing turbulent flow and heat transfer in a two-dimensional curved channel, where one wall was heated to a constant temperature and the other wall was cooled to a different constant temperature. In the simulation, fully developed flow and temperature from the straight-channel driver was passed through the inlet of the curved-channel domain. The frictional Reynolds number was assigned 150, and the Prandtl number was given 0.71. Since the flow field was examined in the previous paper, the thermal features are mainly targeted in this paper. The turbulent heat flux showed trends consistent with a growing process of large-scale vortices. In the curved part, the wall-normal component of the turbulent heat flux was twice as large as the counterpart in the straight part, suggesting active heat transport of large-scale vortices. In the inner side of the same section, temperature fluctuation was abnormally large compared with the modest fluctuation of the wall-normal velocity. This was caused by the combined effect of the large-scale motion of the vortices and the wide variation of the mean temperature; in such a temperature distribution, large-scale ejection of the hot fluid near the outer wall, which is transported into the near inner-wall region, should have a large impact on the thermal boundary layer near the inner wall. Wave number decomposition was conducted for various statistics, which showed that the contribution of the large-scale vortex to the total turbulent heat flux normal to the wall reached roughly 80% inside the channel 135° downstream from the curved-channel inlet. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20275

The characteristics of the in-beam electron impact mass spectra of 13 N-carbobenzoxyoligopeptides (up to pentapeptides) composed mainly of leucine and isoleucine, and their alkyl and N-hydroxysuccinimide esters are described. In the cases of di- and tripeptide derivatives, each in-beam electron impact spectrum exhibited an abundant [M + 1]+ peak as well as amino-acyl fragments. However, in the case of pentapeptides the in-beam spectra measured under the routine conditions corresponded to the conventional electron impact spectra of the cyclopeptide derivatives formed by thermal cyclization in the mass spectrometer and few [M + 1]+ ions of the original peptides were observed. From the studies on temperature spectral change of in-beam electron impact spectra it became clear that rapid heating of the sample over the temperature range 200-300 degrees C gave abundant [M + 1]+ ions as well as fragment ions originating from the thermally intact peptide as the major peaks in the spectrum.

A new glycoside, kusaginin was isolated from Clerodendron trichotomum Thunb. and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-4-O-(3,4-dihydroxycinnamoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside was assigned to this substance from studies on the hydrolysis products and from analyses of the 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra.