Search

In article number 2001882, Pavao Andričević, László Forró, and co‐workers introduce the ‘oriented crystal‒crystal intergrowth’ method, yielding solution‐grown MAPbBr(3) crystals with volume and mass of over 1000 cm(3) and 3 kg. Its increased size, equipped with carbon electrodes, is utilized for sensitive gamma ray detection of a (60)Co source at the dose rate up to 2.3 Gy h(−1) at ambient conditions. [Image: see text]

We report Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) measurements on stage-I potassium intercalated graphite (KC$_8$). Angular dependent measurements show that the spin-lattice relaxation time is longer when the magnetic field is perpendicular to the graphene layer as compared to when the magnetic field is in the plane. This anisotropy is analyzed in the framework of the Elliott-Yafet theory of spin-relaxation in metals. The analysis considers an anisotropic spin-orbit Hamiltonian and the first order perturbative treatment of Elliott is reproduced for this model Hamiltonian. The result provides an experimental input for the first-principles theories of spin-orbit interaction in layered carbon and thus to a better understanding of spin-relaxation phenomena in graphene and in other layered materials as well.

Hybrid halide perovskite photovoltaic materials show a remarkable light conversion efficiency in various optoelectronic devices. In the fabrication of these solar cells, light emitting diodes, laser and photodetector prototypes the thickness of the perovskite is an important parameter since the light is absorbed within a thin layer of a few hundred nanometers. Nevertheless, making perovskite coatings with various solution-based and evaporation methods showing highly reproducible thickness and area coverage is still an issue. Therefore, rapid and reliable quality-control of the film morphology is needed. This report shows a simple, rapid, and calibration-free method for reading the thickness directly from the color map of nanowire perovskite films seen in standard optical microscope with visible light. (C) 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

We study the vibrational, magnetic and transport properties of Few Layer Graphene (FLG) using Raman and electron spin resonance spectroscopy and microwave conductivity measurements. FLG samples were produced using wet chemical exfoliation with different post-processing, namely ultrasound treatment, shear mixing, and magnetic stirring. Raman spectroscopy shows a low intensity D mode which attests a high sample quality. The G mode is present at 1580 cm(-1) as expected for graphene. The 2D mode consists of 2 components with varying intensities among the different samples. This is assigned to the presence of single and few layer graphene in the samples. Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy shows a main line in all types of materials with a width of about 1 mT and a g-factor in the range of 2.005-2.010. Paramagnetic defect centers with a uniaxial g-factor anisotropy are identified, which shows that these are related to the local sp2 bonds of the material. All kinds of investigated FLGs have a temperature dependent resistance which is compatible with a small gap semiconductor. The difference in resistance is related to the different grain size of the samples. (C) 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

The electron spin lifetime in an assembly of chemically synthesized graphene sheets was found to be extremely sensitive to oxygen. Introducing small concentrations of physisorbed O-2 onto the graphene surface reduced the exceptionally long 140 ns electron spin lifetime by an order of magnitude. This effect was completely reversible: Removing the O-2 by using a dynamic vacuum restored the spin lifetime. The presence of covalently bound oxygen also decreased the electron spin lifetime in graphene, although to a far lesser extent compared to physisorbed O-2. The conduction electrons in graphene were found to play a significant role by counter-balancing the spin depolarization caused by oxygen molecules. Our results highlight the importance of chemical environment control and device packing in practical graphene-based spintronic applications.

Graphene is theoretically expected to be a highly suitable material for spintronic and quantum computation applications. Current experimental reports assign surprisingly low spin lifetimes to graphene and related carbon structures. Recently, we showed a solvothermal synthesis method that can be employed to produce a high-purity sample, which approximates very well the assembly of graphene sheets. Using the contactless spectroscopic technique of electron spin resonance (ESR), we were able to identify in this graphene material the ESR of both conduction electrons and localized spins [Nafradi et al., Carbon 74, 346-351 (2014)]. Here, we show the temperature dependent evolution of the ESR of these two spin species. (C) 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Alkali intercalated graphite compounds represent a compelling modification of carbon with significant application potential and various fundamentally important phases. We report on the intercalation of graphite with alkali atoms (Li and K) using liquid ammonia solution as mediating agent. Alkali atoms dissolve well in liquid ammonia which simplifies and speeds up the intercalation process, and it also avoids the high temperature formation of alkali carbides. Optical microscopy, Raman, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy attest that the prepared samples are highly and homogeneously intercalated to a level approaching Stage-I intercalation compounds. The method and the synthesis route may serve as a starting point for the various forms of alkali atom intercalated carbon compounds (including carbon nanotubes and graphene), which could be exploited in energy storage and further chemical modifications.

We have attempted to prepare graphene samples by mechanical exfoliation of HOPG (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) using scotch tape. Random testing of the flakes by AFM has shown in majority single layer graphene. Nevertheless, the presence of ultrathine graphite cannot be excluded in the large assembly of flakes needed for electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements. Graphene flakes sitting on ESR-silent scotch tapes were stacked parallel to form a multilayer sandwich. The ESR measurements performed in the 4-300 K range yielded narrow Lorentzian line. The spin susceptibility was decreasing linearly with decreasing temperature as expected for the conical band dispersion of graphene. Below 70 K the spin susceptibility started to deviate from the linear temperature dependence and a Curie-like behavior was observed. This contribution to the susceptibility is due to the existence of defects or impurities, which are in strong exchange coupling limit with conduction electrons. The temperature dependence of the linewidth suggests Elliott's mechanism for spin relaxation in graphene flakes. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements on SWCNTs doped with alkali atoms (potassium) using a solid state reaction is reported. We find the emergence of the ESR signal of itinerant electrons upon doping with a signal intensity that is comparable to that expected from band structure calculations. The ESR line-width and microwave conductivity weakly depend on the temperature indicating taht doped SWCNTs are bad metals. It is argued to result from the lack of crystalline order in the tubes and the large impurity concentration. (C) 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

C59N magnetic fullerenes inside single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are used to probe the density of states (DOS) on the host tubes using electron spin resonance (ESR). The C59N radicals are separated by C60 fullerenes to prevent dimerization and C59N-C60 heterodimers are formed at low temperatures. The electron spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, of the heterodimers is deduced from the homogeneous ESR line-width. The analysis is supported by saturation ESR studies. The inverse of the heterodimer T1 follows a linear behavior in the 20-300 K temperature range, the so-called Korringa law, evidencing a metallic DOS on all tubes in a bundle.

We report new results on the electron spin resonance of single walled carbon nanotubes, peapods and double walled carbon nanotubes. A small ESR line is present in well purified samples and its temperature dependence reveals a striking 'super-Curie' paramagnetic rise. In addition, we identify a narrower line in peapod and DWNT samples, which displays similar behavior. The linewidth of both inner and outer species are metallic and the outer tube's resonance broadens upon growth of the inner tubes. We observe a sudden decrease of relaxation rate below 20 K, in accordance with the opening of a spin-gap.

The growing library of two-dimensional layered materials is providing researchers with a wealth of opportunity to explore and tune physical phenomena at the nanoscale. Here, we review the experimental and theoretical state-of-art concerning the electron spin dynamics in graphene, silicene, phosphorene, transition metal dichalcogenides, covalent heterostructures of organic molecules and topological materials. The spin transport, chemical and defect induced magnetic moments, and the effect of spin-orbit coupling and spin relaxation, are also discussed in relation to the field of spintronics., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:cond-mat/0610433, arXiv:cond-mat/0202442, arXiv:1507.00521, arXiv:0904.1829 by other authors