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Fish processing produces a lot of by‐products highly containing large amount of proteins which mainly consist of collagen, implying great potential value for application as nutraceutical ingredients. In present study, two kinds of sharks, Chiloscyllium plagiosum and Mustelus griseus, were used as raw material to gain three kinds of “compound peptides” (CPs) by enzymolysis, FCP (CPs from the flesh of C. plagiosum), SCP (CPs from the skin of C. plagiosum), and SMG (CPs from the skin of M. griseus). According to a series of constituent analysis, the molecule weights of FCP, SCP, and SMG were under 800 Da; amino acids composition analysis of FCP, SCP, and SMG showed that there were high glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline and low cysteine contents in SCP and SMG, which is the characteristic of collagen peptides; their total protein contents were 87.500%, 91.875%, and 95.625%, respectively; and heavy metal contents of CPs were all beneath national standards. After three kinds of CPs were administrated intragastrically to C57BL/6 mice at a total dosage of 15 g/kg, bone‐strengthening effects of SCP and SMG were manifested by osteoblasts activity promotion, bone mineral density (BMD) increase, and marrow adipocyte number decrease, yet nonsignificant effects were shown in FCP group. No index showed toxicity of SCP and SMG in subacute toxicology trial, indicating their safety as functional foods. Herein, industrial application foundation of the skins from these two sharks was explored but more efforts should subsequently be implemented for further exploitation.

The Yishu segment of the Tanlu fault zone is the seismogenic structure of the 1668 Tancheng M8½ earthquake, and is also the research focus of the potential strong earthquake location in the future. Geological survey shows different activity degrees along the Shandong-Jiangsu-Anhui segment of the Tanlu fault zone, but few researches focus on the crustal velocity structure beneath this area, and the relationship of seismicity and the difference of crustal velocity structure. The 3D velocity structure beneath this segment of the Tanlu fault zone and adjacent areas (30°N–37°N, 113°E–122°E) was imaged by seismic tomography. Crustal velocity structure segmentation beneath the researched area, the velocity characters and its relationship with the geological structure segmentation and seismic levels are studied in this paper. We select the earthquakes occurred from 1980 to 2011 in the research area, relocate these events through a relative relocation technique. Based on the traveltime data of Pg, Sg, Pm, Sm, Pn, and Sn waves of these earthquakes, using GABWIT (Genetic Algorithms in Body Wave Inversion of Traveltime) inversion method, the 3D velocity structure (inversion grid: 30 km×30 km) beneath the research area is imaged by seismic tomography. The analysis of the velocity image of different depths for the research area suggests that the crustal velocity structure is segmented. For shallow layers, different velocity segments (north of 35.3°N, 34.5°N–35.3°N, and 33°N–34.5°N) are related to exposed strata, respectively corresponding to three rupture elements of the Tanlu fault zone. They are Anqiu segment, Juxian county-Tancheng segment, and Xinyi-Sihong segment, which have different earthquake activity patterns. It indicates that Xinyi-Sihong segment is a locked segment of Tanlu fault. The crustal velocity structure beneath the Shandong-Jiangsu-Anhui segment of the Tanlu fault zone and adjacent areas can be roughly divided into three different segments from top to bottom. They include the south segment (south of 32.5°N–33°N), middle segment (from 32.5°N–33°N to 35°N–35.3°N) and north segment (north of 35°N–35.3°N). The segmentation of upper crust is related to insertion from Sulu UHPM belt, the segmentation of middle and lower crust is related to detention of volcanics. The velocities in the west of the Tanlu fault zone is higher than that in the east. The differences of velocity image at different depths show different tectonic blocks, which have different evolution histories and compositions, also meaning that this fault extends down to the Moho. Different velocity segments at different depths beneath the Shandong-Jiangsu-Anhui segment of the Tanlu fault zone are related to geology factors such as exposed strata, rupture units of the fault zone, Sulu UHPM belt, detention of volcanics or different tectonic blocks. Through analysis of the seismic activity of the different rupture units of the Tanlu fault zone in the research area, the consistency of velocity segments and rupture units indicate that Xinyi-Sihong segment is a locked segment of the Tanlu fault zone, where strong earthquake may occure in the future.

Sensitization to perennial aeroallergens correlates with the risk of persistent asthma (AS) in children. In tropical Singapore, multiple codominant species of mites abound in the indoor environment, and preferential species-specific sensitization has been associated with different phenotypes of allergic disease. We investigated the pattern of mite component-specific IgE (mcsIgE) in children with different phenotypes of clinical allergic disease in an environment with multiple mite species exposure. A prospective evaluation of newly diagnosed patients with clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD), or AS and sensitization to one or more aeroallergens were performed. Sera were tested for specific IgE against an extensive panel of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis allergens. A total of 253 children were included, mean age 7.3 yr, 79% fulfilled criteria for AR, 46% AS, 71% AD, and 31% for all three. Sensitization to one or both mites was observed in 91% of children, 89% were sensitized to D. pteronyssinus, and 70% to B. tropicalis. The most common mite allergens recognized by these atopic children were Der p 1 (64%), Der p 2 (71%), Blo t 5 (45%), Blo t 7 (44%), and Blo t 21 (56%). Specific IgE responses to an increased number of distinct mite allergens correlated with the complexity of the allergic phenotype. In multivariate analysis, an increased risk for the multi-systemic phenotype (AR + AS + AD) was associated with sensitization to an increased repertoire of mite components (three or more) (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1-8.8, p = 0.001) and a positive parental history of AS (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, p = 0.013). A highly pleiomorphic IgE response to the prevalent indoor mites is associated with the presence of a multi-systemic allergic phenotype in childhood in a tropical environment.

A novel [1+1] Schiff-base macrocyclic compound 3 has been synthesized from precursor 1, 1,3-bis(2′-formylphenoxy)-2-propanol, and precursor 2, resorcinol-bis(4-aminophenyl)ether, via condensation and cyclizaction using Ba2+ as template. The macrocycle 3 was further reduced giving saturated macrocycle 4. The structures of 3 and 4 were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, IR, and MS spectra, and their structures were determined via single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the macrocyclic compound 3 has a folded conformation, and the corresponding reduced product 4 adopts a twisted and folded conformation due to its flexible nature.