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OBJECTIVES Previous studies have established a link between the COVID-19 pandemic and poor mental health. They further suggest that young adults may be especially vulnerable to worsened mental health during the pandemic, but few studies have investigated which specific aspects of the COVID-19 experience affect psychological well-being over time. To better understand concrete predictors of poor mental health outcomes in this population, we identified several pandemic-related experiences and evaluated their effects on mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol, and substance use) in a sample of U.S. college students (N = 176). METHODS Both mental health symptoms and pandemic-related experiences were evaluated at the start of quarantine (March/April 2020, Time 1) and the end of the Spring 2020 semester (May 2020, Time 2). Given the limited literature on specific predictors of mental health during a pandemic, we used elastic net regression, a novel analytic method that helps with variable selection when theoretical background is limited, to narrow our field of possible predictors. RESULTS While mental health symptoms were elevated at both timepoints, there were no clinically significant changes from Time 1 to Time 2 and few differences between sociodemographic groups. Both disruption due to the pandemic (β = .25, p = .021) and limited confidence in the federal government's response (β = -.14, p = .038) were significant predictors of depression symptoms at the end of the semester, even when controlling for baseline depression. Further, predictions that the pandemic would continue to impact daily life further into the future were linked with pandemic stress response symptoms (β = .15, p = .032) at Time 2, beyond the effects of baseline symptoms. Alcohol (β = -.22, p = .024) and substance use (β = -.26, p = .01) were associated with reduced adherence to COVID-19 guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that specific aspects of the pandemic experience may be influencing internalizing symptoms and alcohol/substance use in college students, pointing to potential avenues for targeted support and intervention. PRACTITIONER POINTS A range of factors may influence university student mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students who expect the pandemic will continue to impact daily life further into the future maybe more likely to report stress symptoms. Disruption due to the pandemic and limited confidence in the federal government's response may be associated with depression symptoms. Alcohol and substance use are associated with lower COVID-19 guideline adherence in university students.

Despite the success of academic advising dashboards in several higher educational institutions (HEI), these dashboards are still under-explored in LatinAmerican HEI’s. To close this gap, three different Latin American universities adapted an existing advising dashboard, originally deployed at the KU Leuven to their own context. In all three cases, the context was the main ruling factor to these adaptations. In this paper, we describe these adaptions using a framework that focuses on four different elements of the context: Objectives, Stakeholders, Key moment, and Interactions. Evaluation of the adapted dashboards in the three different Latin American universities are conducted through pilots. This evaluation shows the value of the dashboard approach in different contexts in terms of satisfaction, usefulness, and impact in academic decision-making and advising tasks. The main contribution of this paper is the systematic reporting of the adaptations to an academic advising dashboard and showing the value of an academic advising dashboard on academic decision-making and advising tasks. ispartof: British Journal Of Educational Technology vol:51 issue:4 status: Published online

International audience; Many Latin-American institutions recognise the potential of learning analytics (LA). However, the number of actual LA implementations at scale remains limited, notwithstanding considerable effort made to formulate guidelines and frameworks to support the LA policy development. Guidance on how to coordinate the interaction between the LA policymaking and implementation is mostly missing, leaving a difficult challenge up to practitioners. In this study we propose a coordination model to support future LA initiatives at scale. We explore the problem by comparing two cases in Belgium and Ecuador. Following up we use the LA implementation timeline as a driver for planning the interaction between the policymaking and implementation. We continue by testing an application of the model with LA experts predominantly from Latin-American institutions, asking them to map low-level items of the SHEILA policy framework to four implementation phases. The results of this mapping support that LA policy building can be spread over time, that it can coincide with LA implementation at scale, and that both efforts can be coordinated. It is hoped that this study will provide additional guidance for future Latin-American and other LA initiatives.

Producción Científica, Mobile and Ubiquitous Learning (m/u-learning) are finding an increasing adoption in education. They are often distinguished by hybrid learning environments that encompass elements of formal and informal learning, in activities that happen in distributed settings (indoors and outdoors), across physical and virtual spaces. Despite their purported benefits, these environments imply additional complexity in the design, monitoring and evaluation of learning activities. The research literature on learning design (LD) and learning analytics (LA) has started to deal with these issues. This paper presents a systematic literature review of LD and LA, in m/u-learning. Apart from providing an overview of the current research in the field, this review elicits elements of common ground between both communities, as shown by the similar learning contexts and complementary research contributions, and based on the research gaps, proposes to: address m/u-learning beyond higher education settings, reinforce the connection between physical and virtual learning spaces, and more systematically align LD and LA processes., Subvenciones de la UE (669074, 586120-EPP-1-2017-1-ES-EPPKA2- CBHE-JP), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Project TIN2017-85179-C3-1-R, TIN2017-85179-C3-2-R, TIN2017- 85179-C3-3-R), Junta de Castilla y León (Project VA257P18)

Speakers monitor their own speech for errors. To do so, they may rely on perception of their own speech (external monitoring) but also on an internal speech representation (internal monitoring). While there are detailed accounts of monitoring in first language (L1) processing, it is not clear if and how monitoring is different in a second language (L2). Here, we ask whether L1 and L2 monitoring differ and, if so, where the differences lie. L1 and L2 might differ in the speed with which monitoring is performed but also in their monitoring foci. We discuss studies on bilingual language control and suggest that self-monitoring might function as a last-resort control process. We conclude with speculation on the role self-monitoring might play in L2 learning and suggestions for future research.

This short paper discusses Barry Morris's account of the ‘riot’ at Brewarrina, New South Wales, in 1987 and its legal aftermath, which continued for some years. An iconic event in Australian race relations, much can be learnt from its various dimensions, a fact that Morris amply demonstrates. Notwithstanding, this discussion questions a related narrative in his book, which interprets capitalism's impact on self-determination simply in terms of neoliberalism's ‘political effects’. The paper seeks to broaden the discussion of the relations between the state and self-determination, and between capitalism and race.

Previous work has established a robust relationship between impulsivity and addiction, and revealed that impulsive decision making predisposes the vulnerability to cocaine-seeking behavior in rats. An important next step is to assess whether elevated relapse vulnerability can be treated via the reduction of impulsive decision making. Therefore, this study explored whether subchronic atomoxetine treatment can reduce relapse vulnerability by reducing impulsive decision making. Rats were trained in the delayed reward task and were subjected to 3 weeks of cocaine self-administration. Following drug self-administration, animals were divided to different experimental groups and received the noradrenaline transporter inhibitor and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug atomoxetine or vehicle subchronically for 20 days. On days 1 and 10 after treatment cessation, a context-induced reinstatement test was performed. Throughout the entire experiment, changes in impulsive decision making were continuously monitored. Subchronic treatment with atomoxetine reduced context-induced reinstatement both 1 and 10 days after treatment cessation, only in animals receiving no extinction training. Interestingly, neither subchronic nor acute atomoxetine treatments affected impulsive decision making. Our data indicate that the enduring reduction in relapse sensitivity by atomoxetine occurred independent of a reduction in impulsive decision making. Nonetheless, repeated atomoxetine administration seems a promising pharmacotherapeutical strategy to prevent relapse to cocaine seeking in abstinent drug-dependent subjects.

Background Although transplantation of genetically modified porcine livers into baboons has yielded recipient survival for up to 7 days, survival is limited by profound thrombocytopenia, which becomes manifest almost immediately after revascularization, and by subsequent coagulopathy. Porcine von Willebrand's factor (VWF), a glycoprotein that adheres to activated platelets to initiate thrombus formation, has been shown to constitutively activate human platelets via their glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) receptors. Here, we report our pig-to-primate liver xenoperfusion model and evaluate whether targeting the GPIb-VWF axis prevents platelet sequestration. Methods Twelve baboons underwent cross-circulation with the following extracorporeal livers: one allogeneic control with a baboon liver, 4 xenogeneic controls with a GalTKO.hCD46 pig liver, 3 GalTKO.hCD46 pig livers in recipients treated with αGPIb antibody during perfusion, and 4 GalTKO.hCD46 pig livers pre-treated with D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) in recipients treated with αGPIb antibody during perfusion. Results All perfused livers appeared grossly and macroscopically normal and produced bile. Xenograft liver perfusion experiments treated with αGPIb antibody may show less platelet sequestration during the initial 2 h of perfusion. Portal venous resistance remained constant in all perfusion experiments. Platelet activation studies demonstrated platelet activation in all xenoperfusions, but not in the allogeneic perfusion. Conclusion These observations suggest that primate platelet sequestration by porcine liver and the associated thrombocytopenia are multifactorial and perhaps partially mediated by a constitutive interaction between porcine VWF and the primate GPIb receptor. Control of platelet sequestration and consumptive coagulopathy in liver xenotransplantation will likely require a multifaceted approach in our clinically relevant perfusion model.

The growth of a network of remote communities in Australia's Northern Territory followed the success of an Aboriginal land rights movement in the 1970s. In the course of the past two decades, there have been increasing reports of distress in these communities interpreted differently by anthropologists and opinion writers in the national press, some of the latter of a neo-liberal bent. This article examines critically the position of anthropologists and the relations between a politics of difference and equality as they bear on the position of remote Aboriginal Australians.

Objectives To evaluate the effect of an inpatient geriatric consultation team (IGCT) on end points of interest in people with hip fracture: length of stay, functional status, mortality, new nursing home admission, and hospital readmission. Design Controlled trial based on assignment by convenience. Setting Trauma ward in a university hospital. Participants One hundred seventy-one people with hip fracture aged 65 and older. Intervention Participants were assigned to a multidisciplinary geriatric intervention (n=94) or usual care (n=77) during hospitalization after hip fracture. Measurements End points were functional status, length of stay, mortality, new nursing home admission, and hospital readmission 6 weeks, 4 months, and 12 months after surgery. Results Mean length of stay was 11.1 ± 5.1 days in the intervention group and 12.4 ± 8.5 days in the control groups (P=.24). Complete adherence to IGCT recommendations was 56.8%. A significant benefit of intervention on functional status in univariate analyses (P=.02) 8 days after surgery disappeared in a linear mixed model. Participants with dementia had better functional status in a linear mixed model than those without (P=.03), but this effect was no longer significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. After 6 weeks, 4 months, and 12 months, no between-group differences could be documented for mortality, new nursing home admission, or readmission rate. Conclusion This trial could not document functional benefits of an IGCT intervention in people with hip fracture. More research is needed to investigate whether a more-intensive approach with more-direct control over patient management, more-specific recommendations, and more-intense education would be effective.

Objectives: Anti-ganglioside antibodies are present in approximately half of Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) patients. Recently, it has been shown that a considerable proportion of these patients has serum antibodies against antigenic epitopes formed by a complex of two different gangliosides. However, direct experimental evidence for neuropathogenicity of this special category of antibodies is currently lacking. Here, we explored a series of GBS and GBS-variant sera with anti-ganglioside-complex antibodies for their ability to induce complement-dependent deleterious effects at the living neuronal membrane. Methods: The neuropathophysiological potential of 31 GBS sera containing either anti-GM1/GD1a- or anti-GM1/GQ1b-ganglioside-complex antibodies was studied at motor nerve terminal presynaptic membranes in the mouse phrenic nerve/diaphragm muscle ex vivo experimental model. With electrophysiological measurements and confocal fluorescence microscopy, we assessed and quantified the damaging effect on neuronal membranes by anti-ganglioside-complex antibodies. Results: We show that anti-GM1/GD1a- and anti-GM1/GQ1b-ganglioside-complex positive sera can induce complement-mediated functional and morphological injury at mouse motor nerve terminals ex vivo. Of the 31 investigated anti-ganglioside-complex patient sera, 17 sera induced increases in miniature end-plate potential frequency in this experimental model, mostly associated with muscle fibre twitches. Variability in potency was observed, with the anti-GM1/GD1a-complex sera inducing the most outspoken effects. Conclusions: The present study shows the presence of ganglioside-complexes as available antigens in living neuronal membranes and supplies proof-of-principle that anti-ganglioside-complex antibodies in sera from GBS patients can induce complement-mediated damage. This strongly supports the hypothesis that autoimmune targeting of ganglioside-complexes is of pathogenic relevance in a proportion of GBS patients. (Clin. Exp. Neuroimmunol. doi: 10.1111/j.1759-1961.2011.0022.x, September 2011)

The products and stereochemistry of the reaction of the benzyltriphenylarsonium ylide with benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde both in the presence of lithium salts and under salt-free conditions are studied by H NMR at 360 MHz. The stereochemistry is discussed in view of recent developments in the mechanistic interpretation of the Wittig and Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction.

The preparation of p-nitrocyclopropylbenzene by reaction of dimethyloxosulfonium methylide with p-nitrostyrene or p-nitrobenzyl iodide (bromide) in 67 and 37 % yield respectively is reported.

This article considers a range of Western Arrernte terms employed by missionaries at Hermannsburg to translate the Bible and the Lutheran liturgy and hymns. My argument is that initially words were employed as metaphors in order to convey a Christian transcendental and ritual order quite different from the Arrernte one the terms had named previously. I examine the events and the Western Arrernte response that, over time, redefined some terms and shaped an Arrernte Christian vernacular.

Contemporary cultural anthropology has been marked by its distance from the analysis of economy. I argue that anthropology as a discipline has suffered from this distance and suggest a form in which these interests can be reconciled for the purposes of ethnographic research. The discussion is divided into three sections. In the first, I trace the ‘disappearing’ of economy from cultural anthropology. In the second, I propose a schema for bringing economy back. This schema involves adopting a phenomenology of the subject that relies on notions of value drawn from Appadurai and from Heidegger and Marx. Finally, I instance two examples of this schema in my own ethnographic research. One concerns Central Australia and pertains to recent debates about remote indigenous life. The other concerns Kingston Jamaica and references debates about gender, sex and dancehall. Both milieux involve types of change and violence that can bear on modern subjects. My suggestion is that anthropology will address these issues in more interesting ways if economy becomes a part of ethnographic analysis.

The morphological effects of heavy metal stress on the nodulation ability of Rhizobium spp. and growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) were studied in the laboratory under controlled conditions. Fourteen topsoils were collected from an area with elevated metal concentrations (Cd, Zn, and Pb). White clover was cultivated using a specialized "rhizotron" method to observe the development of root and nodule characteristics. Results show effects of increasing heavy metal concentrations on nodulation development, especially the nodulation index (i.e., the number of nodules per gram of the total fresh biomass). A significant decrease in nodulation index was observed at about 2.64 mg Cd kg(-1), 300 mg Zn kg(-1), and 130 mg Pb kg(-1) in these soils. The sensitivity of the nodulation index in relation to other morphological characteristics is discussed further. It is proposed that the nodulation index of white clover is a suitable bioindicator of increased heavy metal concentrations in soil.

Reflexions autour de trois ouvrages : " Religion and Ideology " sous la direction de R. Bobock et K. Thompson (Manchester, 1985)| B. Morris " Anthropological Studies of Religion : an Introductory Text " (Cambridge, 1987)| " The Critical Theory of Religion, The Frankfurt School : From Universal Pragmatic to Political Theology " de R. J. Siebert (Amsterdam, 1985)

Antarctic ecosystems are often considered nearly pristine because levels of anthropogenic disturbance are extremely low there. Nevertheless, over recent decades there has been a rapid increase in the number of people, researchers and tourists, visiting Antarctica. We evaluated, over 10 years, the direct impact of foot traffic on the abundance of soil animals and soil properties in Taylor Valley within the McMurdo Dry Valleys region of Antarctica. We compared soils from minimally disturbed areas with soils from nearby paths that received intermediate and high levels of human foot traffic (i.e., up to approximately 80 passes per year). The nematodes Scottnema lindsayae and Eudorylaimus sp. were the most commonly found animal species, whereas rotifers and tardigrades were found only occasionally. On the highly trampled footpaths, abundance of S. lindsayae and Eudorylaimus sp. was up to 52 and 76% lower, respectively, than in untrampled areas. Moreover, reduction in S. lindsayae abundance was more pronounced after 10 years than 2 years and in the surface soil than in the deeper soil, presumably because of the longer period of disturbance and the greater level of physical disturbance experienced by the surface soil. The ratio of living to dead Eudorylaimus sp. also declined with increased trampling intensity, which is indicative of increased mortality or reduced fecundity. At one site there was evidence that high levels of trampling reduced soil CO2 fluxes, which is related to total biological activity in the soil. Our results show that even low levels of human traffic can significantly affect soil biota in this ecosystem and may alter ecosystem processes, such as carbon cycling. Consequently, management and conservation plans for Antarctic soils should consider the high sensitivity of soil fauna to physical disturbance as human presence in this ecosystem increases. Resumen: Los ecosistemas de la Antartida a menudo son considerados casi pristinos porque los niveles de perturbacion antropogenica son extremadamente bajos. Sin embargo, en las decadas recientes ha habido un rapido incremento en el numero de personas, investigadores y turistas, que visitan la Antartida. Evaluamos, durante 10 anos, el impacto directo del trafico peatonal sobre la abundancia de animales del suelo y las propiedades del suelo en el Valle Taylor dentro de la region de los Valles Secos McMurdy de la Antartida. Comparamos suelos de las areas con minima perturbacion con suelos de veredas cercana que tenian niveles intermedios y altos de trafico peatonal (i.e., hasta ∼80 pases por ano). Los nematodos Scottnema lindsayae y Eudorylaimus sp. fueron las especies animales mas comunes, mientras que solo encontramos rotiferos y tardigrados ocasionalmente. En las veredas con trafico peatonal intenso, la abundancia de S. lindsayae y de Eudorylaimus sp. fue hasta 52% y 76% menor, respectivamente, que en las areas sin trafico. Mas aun, la reduccion en la abundancia de S. lindsayae fue mas pronunciada despues de 10 anos que dos anos y en el suelo superficial que en el suelo profundo, presumiblemente debido a un periodo de perturbacion mas largo y al mayor nivel de perturbacion fisica en el suelo superficial. La proporcion vivos – muertos de Eudorylaimus sp. tambien declino con el incremento de la intensidad del trafico peatonal, lo cual es un indicador de incremento de la mortalidad o reduccion de la fecundidad. En un sitio, hubo evidencia de que los niveles altos de trafico peatonal reducian los flujos de CO2 del suelo, que esta relacionado con una actividad biologica total en el suelo. Nuestros resultados muestran que aun niveles bajos de trafico humano pueden afectar significativamente a la biota en este ecosistema y pueden alterar procesos del ecosistema, como el ciclo del carbono. Consecuentemente, los planes de manejo y de conservacion de los suelos de la Antartida deberian considerar la alta sensibilidad del la fauna del suelo a la perturbacion fisica a medida que incrementa la presencia humana en este ecosistema.

This article discusses some conflicts between kin- and market-based society as they are reflected in the lives of Western Arrernte in and around Ntaria (Hermannsburg). Both political economy and cultural analysis provide accounts of concomitant 'problems about work' and training initiatives in remote communities. Neither brings together, however, the issues of economic marginalisation and a history of cultural difference with its own transformations. This discussion takes its departure from the Arrernte's attempts to reconcile kinship service ('working for') and paid employment ('working') in everyday practice. It demonstrates that this attempt is part of broader change concerning the ways in which hunter-gath-erer people in Australia have been compelled to adapt to a world of cash and commodities, and waged employment. In this discussion, the focus is on remote indigenous Australians today.

Invasion of epithelial cells by Shigella flexneri is characterized by cytoskeletal rearrangements of the host cell membrane, promoting internalization of the bacterium. The bacterial effector IpaA is injected into the epithelial cell by a type III secretion apparatus and recruits vinculin to regulate actin polymerization at the site of entry. We analysed the complex formed between a carboxy-terminal fragment of IpaA (IpaA(560-633)) and the vinculin D1 domain (VD1), both in crystals and in solution. We present evidence that IpaA(560-633) has two alpha-helical vinculin-binding sites that simultaneously bind two VD1 molecules. The interaction of IpaA(560-633) with VD1 is highly similar to the interaction of the endogenous, eukaryotic proteins talin and alpha-actinin with VD1, showing that Shigella uses a structural mimicry strategy to activate vinculin.

Book reviewed in this article: Elizabeth Povinelli.The Cunning of Recognition: Indigenous Alterities and the Making of Australian Multiculturalism.

Using both ethnography and textual material, this paper describes the way in which Western Arrernte people in central Australia interpreted the Christianity brought to them by Lutheran missionaries. The mission became an isolated domestic economy, a context that allowed the Arrernte to interpret its teachings in terms of a "law." This Christian law was often referred to as pepe, the Western Arrernte word for "papered." It involved a particular rendering of literacy and rested on a highly localized order. These conditions of mission Christianity would change with the coming of land rights and a cash economy.

We present a catalog of 2357 point sources detected during 620 ks of Chandra observations of the 17 × 17 arcminutes field around Sgr A*. This field encompasses a physical area of 40 × 40 parsecs at 8 kpc. The completeness limit of the sample at the Galactic Center is ≈1031 erg s−1 (2–8 keV), while the detection limit is an order of magnitude lower. We estimate that 20–100 of the observed sources are background AGN. The spectra of the majority of the Galactic Center sources are very hard and are best described by a power law (E−Γ) with photon index Γ < 1. Such hard spectra are only seen from magnetically accreting white dwarfs (polars and intermediate polars) and neutron stars (pulsars). The spatial density of the Galactic Center X-ray sources falls off as R−2, similar to that of the infrared stars in the field. This highlights the possibility that these X-ray sources can be used to study the history of star formation at the Galactic Center. The log(N) − log(S) distribution of the Galactic Center sources is extremely steep, such that point sources could account for all of the previously reported diffuse emission if the number counts extend down to 1029 erg s−1 with the same slope. However, there are numerous fllamentary structures in the field that also contribute to the total flux, which implies that the luminosity distribution between 2–8 keV must turn over below our completeness limit.

My lecture is based on fieldwork, in Jamaica and among Western Arrernte in Central Australia. I begin with two images, two statements of value, and then sketch some general ideas in terms of which these images are significant. I mention anthropology, globalisation, and ideas about the genesis of values. Next I return to the images and the events that they reflect; local events that are also shaped by trans-national relations. I examine the values and forms of status portrayed in these images, the types of struggle and rendering of life that each one suggests. I conclude with some general remarks on globalisation and difference, and their

Risk assessment of heavy metals in soil requires an estimate of the concentrations in the soil solution. In spite of the numerous studies on the distribution of Cd and Zn in soil, few measurements of the distribution coefficient in situ, K d , have been reported. We determined the K d of soils contaminated with Cd and Zn by measuring metal concentrations in the soil and in the soil solution and attempted to predict them from other soil variables by regression. Soil pH explained most of the variation in logK d (R 2 = 0.55 for Cd and 0.70 for Zn). Introducing organic carbon content or cation exchange capacity (CEC) as second explanatory variable improved the prediction (R 2 = 0.67 for Cd and 0.72 for Zn), but these regression models, however, left more than a factor of 10 of uncertainty in the predicted K d . This large degree of uncertainty may partly be due to the variable degree of metal fixation in contaminated soils. The labile metal content was measured by isotopic dilution (E value). The E value ranged from 18 to 92% of the total metal content for Cd and from 5 to 68% for Zn. The prediction of K d improved when metals in solution were assumed to be in equilibrium with the labile metal pool instead of the total metal pool. It seems necessary therefore to discriminate between 'labile' and 'fixed' pools to predict K d for Cd and Zn in field contaminated soils accurately. Dilute salt extracts (e.g. 0.01 M CaCl 2 ) can mimic soil solution and are unlikely to extract metals from the fixed pool. Concentrations of Cd and Zn in the soil solution were predicted from the concentrations of Cd and Zn in a 0.01 M CaCl 2 extract. These predictions were better correlated with the observations for field contaminated soils than the predictions based on the regression equations relating logK d to soil properties (pH, CEC and organic C).

In this article, I discuss problems of articulation that occur between kin-based and market-based societies. In particular, I address Western Arrernte (Aranda) people in central Australia and their struggles to articulate bilateral kinship networks with a welfare economy and state. I also consider the transitions involved as Arrernte people come to objectify kin relations more in terms of commodities and cash and less in detailed knowledge and experience of country. My discussion aims to underline the tensions and struggles in an Arrernte circumstance sometimes overlooked in recent anthropology, which has focused either on ritual descent groups or on issues of welfare and economics without relating them to kinship. I identify differing contexts of ethnography, along with their import both for analysis and a politics of difference. [Aborigines, Aranda, articulation, bilateral kinship, commodities, welfare, demand sharing, central Australia]

OBJECTIVES: To develop and test the effect of a nurse-led interdisciplinary intervention program for delirium on the incidence and course (severity and duration) of delirium, cognitive functioning, functional rehabilitation, mortality, and length of stay in older hip-fracture patients. DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective before/after design (sequential design). SETTING: The emergency room and two traumatological units of an academic medical center located in an urban area in Belgium. PARTICIPANTS: 60 patients in an intervention cohort (81.7% females, median age = 82, interquartile range (IQR) = 13) and another 60 patients in a usual care/nonintervention cohort (80% females, median age = 80, IQR = 12). INTERVENTION: (1) Education of nursing staff, (2) systematic cognitive screening, (3) consultative services by a delirium resource nurse, a geriatric nurse specialist, or a psychogeriatrician, and (4) use of a scheduled pain protocol. MEASUREMENTS: All patients were monitored for signs of delirium, as measured by the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Severity of delirium was assessed using a variant of the CAM. Cognitive and functional status were measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (including subscales of memory, linguistic ability, concentration, and psychomotor executive skills) and the Katz Index of activities of daily living (ADLs), respectively. RESULTS: Although there was no significant effect on the incidence of delirium (23.3% in the control vs 20.0% in the intervention cohort; P = .82), duration of delirium was shorter (P = .03) and severity of delirium was less (P = .0049) in the intervention cohort. Further, clinically higher cognitive functioning was observed for the delirious patients in the intervention cohort compared with the nonintervention cohort. Additionally, a trend toward decreased length of stay postoperatively was noted for the delirious patients in the intervention cohort. Despite these positive intervention effects, no effect on ADL rehabilitation was found. Results for risk of mortality were inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the beneficial effects of an intervention program focusing on early recognition and treatment of delirium in older hip-fracture patients and confirms the reversibility of the syndrome in view of the delirium's duration and severity.

The paper uses an account of ‘tradition’ by the philosopher, Alisdair MacIntyre, to argue for the view that local Aboriginal culture that has been through extensive change is nonetheless still specifying for the Aboriginal people involved. Therefore these local traditions must be taken into account in discussions about ‘contracts’ or ‘policies’ concerning Aboriginal people today. An example is drawn from the Lutheran tradition of Western Arrernte people in Central Australia.

The enantioselectivity of serine proteases in the transesterification of N‐acetyl‐(D,L)‐ phenylalanine esters with propan‐1‐ol in cyclohexane is strongly influenced by the leaving ability of the alcoholate group. Moreover the enantioselectivity is greatly influenced by the addition of small amounts (0.33 M) of organic additives. Addenda with a small molecular volume like e.g. ethanol and acetonitrile increase the rate for the L‐enantiomer whereas alcohols with bulky alkyl groups like e.g. tert‐butanol and 2‐methylbutan‐2‐ol enhance the activity of the enzyme towards the D‐enantiomer. This enables a rational tuning of the enantioselectivity as was demonstrated for four different proteases (α‐chymotrypsin, subtilisin Carlsberg, Aspergillus oryzae protease, and elastase).

Plastic foams have found a number of applications in the energy absorption, thermal, and acoustic markets. Here advances that have been made with extruded polystyrene, polyolefin, and polyurethane foams, and their uses, particularly in the automotive industry, are highlighted. The Figure shows a 65 % compressed foam.

My Dear Spencer contains extant letters of Frank J. Gillen to Baldwin Spencer between the years 1894 and 1912 when Gillen died. Different chapters of the book present letters pertaining to the writing of The Native Tribes of Central Australia, The Northern Tribes of Central Australia, to Gillen's and Spencer's 1901 expedition through the Centre to Thursday Island, and to their early and later collaborations. In addition, there are introductory essays on Gillen's 'life and times,' and his 'science,' by John Mulvaney and Howard Morphy respectively. A glossary of Aranda (Arrernte) and other terms has been supplied by David Wilkins and Alison Petch who is also a general editor for the book. My Dear Spencer is a work of immense scholarly interest to anthropologists, historians and Antipodean collectors alike. The editorial treatment of the letters is extensive and provides both national and international contexts for the stream of data and reflections contained in Gillen's corre