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1. Actual and estimated adenoma detection rates: a 2‐year monocentric colonoscopic screening outcome in Shenzhen, China

Author

Li Zeng, Eng G. Chua, Ying Xiong, Shihua Ding, Hui Ai, Zhibo Hou, Mun F. Loke, Khean L. Goh, Chin Y. Tay, Barry J. Marshall, Fuqiang Zhu, and Dayong Sun

Subjects
adenoma detection rate, colon, colonoscopy, polyp detection rate, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Abstract

Abstract Background and Aim While adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality metric for screening colonoscopy, it remains difficult to be accessed due to the lack of integrated endoscopy and pathology databases. Hence, the use of an adenoma‐to‐polyp detection rate quotient and polyp detection rate (PDR) has been proposed to predict ADR. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of estimated ADR across different colonic segments in two age groups for Shenzhen people in China. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 7329 colonoscopy procedures performed by 12 endoscopists between January 2012 and February 2014. The PDR, actual ADR, and estimated ADR of the entire, proximal, and distal colon, and within each colonic segment, in two patient age groups:

Published
2020
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7. Actual and estimated adenoma detection rates: a 2‐year monocentric colonoscopic screening outcome in Shenzhen, China

Author

Khean L. Goh, Li Zeng, Barry J. Marshall, Ying Xiong, Chin Y. Tay, Dayong Sun, Mun Fai Loke, Zhibo Hou, Hui Ai, Shihua Ding, Eng G. Chua, and Fuqiang Zhu

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Adenoma, adenoma detection rate, Prevalence, Colonoscopy, Rectum, RC799-869, Gastroenterology, Descending colon, polyp detection rate, 03 medical and health sciences, Cecum, 0302 clinical medicine, colonoscopy, Internal medicine, medicine, colon, Hepatology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Sigmoid colon, Original Articles, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Endoscopy, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Original Article, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business
Abstract

Background and Aim While adenoma detection rate (ADR) is an important quality metric for screening colonoscopy, it remains difficult to be accessed due to the lack of integrated endoscopy and pathology databases. Hence, the use of an adenoma‐to‐polyp detection rate quotient and polyp detection rate (PDR) has been proposed to predict ADR. This study aimed to examine the usefulness of estimated ADR across different colonic segments in two age groups for Shenzhen people in China. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 7329 colonoscopy procedures performed by 12 endoscopists between January 2012 and February 2014. The PDR, actual ADR, and estimated ADR of the entire, proximal, and distal colon, and within each colonic segment, in two patient age groups, This aim of this retrospective study was to examine the correlations between the actual and estimated adenoma detection rate (ADR) across different colonic segments in two age groups for Shenzhen people in China. The overall polyp and adenoma prevalence were 19.1% and 9.3%, respectively. While the actual and estimated ADR values correlated strongly within the traverse colon and descending colon in both age groups, caution should be exercised when predicting ADR within the sigmoid colon and rectum.

Published
2020
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8. Cancer stem cells: advances in biology and clinical translation—a Keystone Symposia report

Author

Cable, Jennifer, primary, Pei, Duanqing, additional, Reid, Lola M., additional, Wang, Xin Wei, additional, Bhatia, Sonam, additional, Karras, Panagiotis, additional, Melenhorst, Jan Joseph, additional, Grompe, Markus, additional, Lathia, Justin D., additional, Song, Erwei, additional, Kuo, Calvin J., additional, Zhang, Ning, additional, White, Richard M., additional, Ma, Stephanie Ky, additional, Ma, Lichun, additional, Chin, Y. Rebecca, additional, Shen, Michael M., additional, Ng, Irene Oi Lin, additional, Kaestner, Klaus H., additional, Zhou, Lei, additional, Sikandar, Shaheen, additional, Schmitt, Clemens A., additional, Guo, Wei, additional, Wong, Carmen Chak‐Lui, additional, Ji, Junfang, additional, Tang, Dean G., additional, Dubrovska, Anna, additional, Yang, Chunzhang, additional, Wiedemeyer, Wolf R., additional, and Weissman, Irving L., additional

Published
2021
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12. Collaborative implementation of stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy: A model for the safe implementation of complex radiotherapy techniques in Australia

Author

Hau, E, Hegi-Johnson, F, Atkinson, C, Barber, J, Browne, LH, Chin, Y, Dwyer, P, Graham, PH, O'Hare, J, Lu, D, Rains, M, Ragusa, C, Schmidth, L, Small, K, Unicomb, K, West, K, White, S, Last, A, Ludbrook, J, Azzi, M, Aherne, NJ, Van Tilburg, K, Vinod, S, Ma, X, Yeghiaian Alvandi, R, Hau, E, Hegi-Johnson, F, Atkinson, C, Barber, J, Browne, LH, Chin, Y, Dwyer, P, Graham, PH, O'Hare, J, Lu, D, Rains, M, Ragusa, C, Schmidth, L, Small, K, Unicomb, K, West, K, White, S, Last, A, Ludbrook, J, Azzi, M, Aherne, NJ, Van Tilburg, K, Vinod, S, Ma, X, and Yeghiaian Alvandi, R

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for lung cancer is a modality of treatment that has improved outcomes for lung cancer patients. However, radiotherapy for lung cancer is underutilized and fewer than half of elderly patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receive active treatment. The purpose of this study is to report on a collaboration in implementing an NSCLC SABR (stereotactic ablative body radiation) program safely, efficiently, and uniformly across several centers, including regional sites. The first aim of this paper is to detail the collaboration and implementation that started in 2013 and is ongoing. The second aim of this paper is to document early toxicities and quality of life outcomes. METHOD: A tripartite approach was used to develop the protocol and networks required for the implementation of SABR across multiple sites in NSW. Departments starting the programmes were supported and physics credentialing with central site submission was required before commencing the treatment. Additional ongoing support was available via an email discussion group involving all members of the collaboration. RESULTS: Between July 22, 2013 and February 22, 2016, 41 patients were enrolled with 34 patients in active follow up. The toxicity profile so far is similar to those of published studies with no appreciable effect on quality of life outcomes. CONCLUSION: The collaboration formed an effective framework in facilitating the implementation of SABR across several sites in NSW and could be used as a model for the safe and uniform implementation of new technologies in Australia.

Published
2020

13. Will teenagers today live with and care for their aged parents tomorrow?

Author

Philip Lk Yap, Chin Y Cheong, Robin Choo, and Ngoc Hl Ha

Subjects
Gerontology, business.industry, Safety net, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Frail Older Adults, Closeness, 050109 social psychology, Grandparent, Structural equation modeling, 050902 family studies, Aged parents, Perception, Medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 0509 other social sciences, Thematic analysis, business, media_common
Abstract

AIMS Older adults who live alone are vulnerable physically, emotionally and socially. However, there is a trend towards children not living with their parents. We studied the willingness of teenagers today to live with and care for their aged parents tomorrow, and the reasons for their decision. METHODS A convenient sample of 1405 teenage students (M age = 14.9 ± 1.30) in the north region of Singapore completed a purpose-designed questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the relationships between teenagers' closeness to grandparents, challenges faced living with grandparents, positive and negative perceptions towards aging, and willingness to stay with aged parents in the future, stratified by sex. Thematic analysis was used to understand the reasons for their choice. RESULTS The majority (85.6%) chose to live with their parents, and the significant predictors were "closeness to grandparents" (P = 0.034) and "positive perceptions towards aging" (P

Published
2018
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17. Targeting amphiregulin (AREG) derived from senescent stromal cells diminishes cancer resistance and averts programmed cell death 1 ligand (PD‐L1)‐mediated immunosuppression

Author

Xu, Qixia, primary, Long, Qilai, additional, Zhu, Dexiang, additional, Fu, Da, additional, Zhang, Boyi, additional, Han, Liu, additional, Qian, Min, additional, Guo, Jianming, additional, Xu, Jianmin, additional, Cao, Liu, additional, Chin, Y. Eugene, additional, Coppé, Jean‐Philippe, additional, Lam, Eric W.‐F., additional, Campisi, Judith, additional, and Sun, Yu, additional

Published
2019
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19. Enhancement of polyethylene glycol‐cell fusion efficiency by novel application of transient pressure using a jet injector

Author

Chin Yang Chang, Jiayu A. Tai, Yuko Sakaguchi, Tomoyuki Nishikawa, Yayoi Hirayama, and Kunihiko Yamashita

Subjects
antibody engineering, cell fusion, jet injector, PEG, polyethylene glycol, vaccine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Cell–cell fusion involves the fusion of somatic cells into a single hybrid cell. It is not only a physiological process but also an important cell engineering technology which can be applied to various fields, such as regenerative medicine, antibody engineering, genetic engineering, and cancer therapy. There are three major methods of cell fusion: electrical cell fusion, polyethylene glycol (PEG) cell fusion, and virus‐mediated cell fusion. Although PEG cell fusion is the most economical approach and does not require expensive instrumentation, it has a poor fusion rate and induces a high rate of cell cytotoxicity. To improve the fusion rate of the PEG method, we combined it with the pyro‐drive jet injector (PJI). PJI provides instant pressure instead of cell agitation to increase the probability of cell‐to‐cell contact and shorten the distance between cells in the process of cell fusion. Here, we report that this improved fusion method not only decreased cell cytotoxicity during the fusion process, but also increased fusion rate compared with the conventional PEG method. Furthermore, we tested the functionality of cells fused using the PJI‐PEG method and found them to be comparable to those fused using the conventional PEG method in terms of their application for dendritic cell (DC)‐tumor cell fusion vaccine production; in addition, the PJI‐PEG method demonstrated excellent performance in hybridoma cell preparation. Taken together, our data indicate that this method improves cell fusion efficiency as compared to the PEG method and thus has the potential for use in various applications that require cell fusion technology.

Published
2023
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20. Irisin promotes cardiac progenitor cell‐induced myocardial repair and functional improvement in infarcted heart

Author

Zhao, Yu Tina, primary, Wang, Jianguo, additional, Yano, Naohiro, additional, Zhang, Ling X., additional, Wang, Hao, additional, Zhang, Shouyan, additional, Qin, Gangjian, additional, Dubielecka, Patrycja M., additional, Zhuang, Shougang, additional, Liu, Paul Y., additional, Chin, Y. Eugene, additional, and Zhao, Ting C., additional

Published
2018
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23. Nanoparticle tracking analysis monitors microvesicle and exosome secretion from immune cells

Author

Simon J. Powis, Ying Zheng, Frank J. Gunn-Moore, Yaqiong Song, Elaine C. Campbell, Andrew Riches, and Chin Y. Soo

Subjects
Immune system, Cell culture, Microvesicle, Immunology, Immunology and Allergy, Nanoparticle tracking analysis, Secretion, Biology, Exosome, Jurkat cells, Microvesicles, Cell biology
Abstract

Nanoparticle tracking analysis permits the determination of both the size distribution and relative concentration of microvesicles, including exosomes, in the supernatants of cultured cells and biological fluids. We have studied the release of microvesicles from the human lymphoblastoid T-cell lines Jurkat and CEM. Unstimulated, both cell lines release microvesicles in the size range 70-90 nm, which can be depleted from the supernatant by ultracentrifugation at 100 000 g, and by anti-CD45 magnetic beads, and which by immunoblotting also contain the exosome-associated proteins Alix and Tsg101. Incubation with known potentiators of exosome release, the ionophores monensin and A23187, resulted in a significant increase in microvesicle release that was both time and concentration dependent. Mass spectrometric analysis of proteins isolated from ultracentrifuged supernatants of A23187-treated cells revealed the presence of exosome-associated proteins including heat-shock protein 90, tubulin, elongation factor α1, actin and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Additionally, treatment of peripheral blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide displayed an increase in secreted microvesicles. Consequently, nanoparticle tracking analysis can be effectively applied to monitor microvesicle release from cells of the immune system.

Published
2012
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24. Chemicals and Allied Products

Author

Yung-Tse Hung, Erick Butler, Chin Y. Kuo, and Ruth Yu-Li Yeh

Subjects
Ecological Modeling, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Pollution, Water Science and Technology
Published
2010
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25. Chemicals and Allied Products

Author

Ruth Yu-Li Yeh, Chin Y. Kuo, Abu Ahmed Mokammel Haque, Yung-Tse Hung, and Hamidi Abdul Aziz

Subjects
Municipal solid waste, Waste management, Environmental remediation, business.industry, Ecological Modeling, Chemical waste, Chemical industry, Pollution, Soil contamination, Waste treatment, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, Sewage treatment, business, Waste Management and Disposal, Water Science and Technology, Waste disposal
Abstract

This review of literature published in 2012 focuses on wastes related to chemicals and allied products. Topics covered include activated carbon adsorption, aerobic and anaerobic treatment, nutrient removal, nitrification and denitrification, membrane biological reactor, chemical waste, physio-chemical treatment, and soil remediation, and waste management.

Published
2009
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30. Breast irradiation causes pallor in the nipple-areolar complex in women with Celtic skin type (result from the St. George and Wollongong randomised breast boost trial)

Author

Lee, YYD, Hau, E, Browne, LH, Chin, Y, Lee, J, Szwajcer, A, Cail, S, Nolan, DN, and Graham, PH

Subjects
Organs at Risk, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1110 Nursing, 1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Breast Neoplasms, Skin Pigmentation, Comorbidity, Middle Aged, Causality, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Treatment Outcome, Risk Factors, Nipples, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Dose Fractionation, Radiation, New South Wales, Radiodermatitis, Radiotherapy, Conformal, Organ Sparing Treatments
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The nipple-areolar complex (NAC) has special histological properties with higher melanocyte concentration than breast skin. To date, there are no data describing the late effects on the NAC following breast-conserving therapy (BCT). This study evaluated colour changes in the NAC in patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy after 5 years. METHODS: Digital photographs obtained at 5 years following breast irradiation from the St. George and Wollongong (SGW) trial (NCT00138814) were evaluated by five experts using an iPad® (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) application specifically created for this study. The SGW trial randomised 688 patients with Tis-2, N0-1, M0 carcinoma to the control arm of 50 Gy in 25 fractions and boost arm of 45 Gy in 25 fractions and 16 Gy in 8 fractions electron boost. RESULTS: A total of 141/372 (38%) patients had altered NAC (86% lighter, 10% darker). Patients with Celtic skin type had increased likelihood of having an altered NAC (odds ratio (OR), 1.75 (CI 1.1-2.7, P = 0.011)). On subgroup analysis, those with Celtic skin type receiving biologically equivalent dose (BED) Gy3 ≥ 80 Gy had OR of 3.03 (95% CI 1.2-7.5, P = 0.016) for having altered colour. There was a dose response with more profound changes seen in the NAC compared with irradiated breast skin if BED Gy3 ≥ 80 Gy with OR of 2.42 (95% CI 1.1-5.6, P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: In this Caucasian BCT population, over 30% of patients developed lighter NAC and more commonly in women with Celtic skin type. The degree of this effect increased with higher radiation dose.

Published
2013

33. Breast irradiation causes pallor in the nipple-areolar complex in women with Celtic skin type (result from the St. George and Wollongong randomised breast boost trial).

Author

Lee, YYD, Hau, E, Browne, LH, Chin, Y, Lee, J, Szwajcer, A, Cail, S, Nolan, DN, Graham, PH, Lee, YYD, Hau, E, Browne, LH, Chin, Y, Lee, J, Szwajcer, A, Cail, S, Nolan, DN, and Graham, PH

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The nipple-areolar complex (NAC) has special histological properties with higher melanocyte concentration than breast skin. To date, there are no data describing the late effects on the NAC following breast-conserving therapy (BCT). This study evaluated colour changes in the NAC in patients treated with breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy after 5 years. METHODS: Digital photographs obtained at 5 years following breast irradiation from the St. George and Wollongong (SGW) trial (NCT00138814) were evaluated by five experts using an iPad® (Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA, USA) application specifically created for this study. The SGW trial randomised 688 patients with Tis-2, N0-1, M0 carcinoma to the control arm of 50 Gy in 25 fractions and boost arm of 45 Gy in 25 fractions and 16 Gy in 8 fractions electron boost. RESULTS: A total of 141/372 (38%) patients had altered NAC (86% lighter, 10% darker). Patients with Celtic skin type had increased likelihood of having an altered NAC (odds ratio (OR), 1.75 (CI 1.1-2.7, P = 0.011)). On subgroup analysis, those with Celtic skin type receiving biologically equivalent dose (BED) Gy3 ≥ 80 Gy had OR of 3.03 (95% CI 1.2-7.5, P = 0.016) for having altered colour. There was a dose response with more profound changes seen in the NAC compared with irradiated breast skin if BED Gy3 ≥ 80 Gy with OR of 2.42 (95% CI 1.1-5.6, P = 0.036). CONCLUSION: In this Caucasian BCT population, over 30% of patients developed lighter NAC and more commonly in women with Celtic skin type. The degree of this effect increased with higher radiation dose.

Published
2014

34. Monitoring Wound Healing with Topically Applied Optical NanoFlare mRNA Nanosensors

Author

Jangsun Hwang, Youngmin Seo, Daun Jeong, Xiaoyu Ning, Christian Wiraja, Lixia Yang, Chew Teng Tan, Jinhyuck Lee, Yesol Kim, Ji Won Kim, Dai Hyun Kim, Jonghoon Choi, Chin Yan Lim, Kanyi Pu, Woo Young Jang, and Chenjie Xu

Subjects
diabetic wound, mRNA nanosensors, NanoFlare, spherical nucleic acids, wound healing, Science
Abstract

Abstract An effective wound management strategy needs accurate assessment of wound status throughout the whole healing process. This can be achieved by examining molecular biomarkers including proteins, DNAs, and RNAs. However, existing methods for quantifying these biomarkers such as immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction are usually laborious, resource‐intensive, and disruptive. This article reports the development and utilization of mRNA nanosensors (i.e., NanoFlare) that are topically applied on cutaneous wounds to reveal the healing status through targeted and semi‐quantitative examination of the mRNA biomarkers in skin cells. In 2D and 3D in vitro models, the efficacy and efficiency of these nanosensors are demonstrated in revealing the dynamic changes of mRNA biomarkers for different stages of wound development. In mouse models, this platform permits the tracking and identification of wound healing stages and a normal and diabetic wound healing process by wound healing index in real time.

Published
2022
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36. A novel taxon selection method, aimed at minimizing recombination, clarifies the discovery of a new sub‐population of Helicobacter pylori from Australia

Author

Binit Lamichhane, Michael J. Wise, Eng Guan Chua, Barry J. Marshall, and Chin Yen Tay

Subjects
core genomes, Helicobacter pylori, phylogeography, recombination, taxon selection, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract We present a novel method for taxon selection, the aim being to minimize problems arising from highly recombinant species such as Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori has accompanied modern‐human migration out of Africa and is marked by a phylogeographic strain distribution, which has been exploited to add an extra layer of information about human migrations to that obtained from human sources. However, H. pylori's genome has high sequence heterogeneity combined with a very high rate of recombination, causing major allelic diversification across strains. On the other hand, recombination events that have become preserved in sub‐populations are a useful source of phylogenetic information. This creates a potential problem in selecting representative strains for particular genetic or phylogeographic clusters and generally ameliorating the impact on analyses of extensive low‐level recombination. To address this issue, we perform multiple population structure‐based analyses on core genomes to select exemplar strains, called ‘quintessents’, which exhibit limited recombination. In essence, quintessent strains are representative of their specific phylogenetic clades and can be used to refine the current MLST concatenation‐based population structure classification system. The use of quintessents reduces the noise due to local recombination events, while preserving recombination events that have become fixed in sub‐populations. We illustrate the method with an analysis of core genome concatenations from 185 H. pylori strains, which reveals a recent speciation event resulting from the recombination of strains from phylogeographic clade hpSahul, carried by Aboriginal Australians, and hpEurope, carried by some of the people who arrived in Australia over the past 200 years. The signal is much clearer when based on quintessent strains, but absent from the analysis based on MLST concatenations.

Published
2020
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37. From darkness, a light shall spring: Zero‐fluoroscopic ablation of supraventricular tachycardia in a pregnant lady

Author

Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Said, Sathvinder Singh Gian Singh, Kuo Ting Lee, Leet Ming Khor, Chin Yung Chea, Anand Raj Silveraju, Mohd Al‐Baqlish Mohd Firdaus, Dharmaraj Karthikesan, Annamalar Muthu Muthuppalaniappan, Abdul Syukur Abdullah, Omar Ismail, Kantha Rao Narasamuloo, and Saravanan Krishinan

Subjects
ablation, AVNRT, pregnancy, SVT, zero‐fluoroscopic, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Published
2021
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47. Chemicals and Allied Products

Author

Hung, Yung-Tse, primary, Aziz, Hamidi Abdul, additional, Haque, Abu Ahmed Mokammel, additional, Kuo, Chin Y., additional, and Yeh, Ruth Yu-Li, additional

Published
2009
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