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The apparent effect of ionizing radiation on lung cancer in A-bomb survivors has not been large enough to still doubts as to its validity. It has seemed essential to determine whether the apparent radiation effect could have resulted from a confounding of heavy smoking and high radiation dose, or if the occupational exposure of high-dose subjects with lung cancer was suggestive of the influence of environmental hazards other than radiation. The available series consists of 204 subjects with lung cancer verified by autopsy, 61 of whom were low-dose (less than 1 rad) and 13 high-dose (200 + rads) subjects. No evidence could be found that the influence of either smoking or occupational exposure upon lung cancer was exerted so as to suggest that the apparent radiation effect is other than real. The study also provides additional evidence of the relationship between lung cancer and smoking in Japanese.

A reappraisal was made of the relationship between exposure to atomic radiation in 1945 and the occurrence of salivary gland tumors in heavily exposed survivors. This was made possible by the discovery of 8 additional patients; the total now reported consists of 30 cases. In those exposed to 300+ rads, the number of cases was significantly (p less than .01) greater than expected. This was found for the combined group and for malignant types, but not for histologically benign tumors. Our prior conclusion regarding the high-dose radiation effect upon salivary gland neoplasia remains unchanged in the reanalysis; however, our suggestion that younger persons were at significantly greater risk is weakened.