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49. Mentoring Relationship Closures in Big Brothers Big Sisters Community Mentoring Programs: Patterns and Associated Risk Factors.

Author

DeWit DJ, DuBois D, Erdem G, Larose S, Lipman EL, and Spencer R

Subjects
Adolescent, Canada, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Motivation, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Patient Satisfaction, Risk Factors, Interpersonal Relations, Mentors psychology, Patient Dropouts psychology, Social Welfare
Abstract

Previous research suggests that early mentoring relationship (MR) closures may have harmful consequences for the health and well-being of youth participating in community-based mentoring programs. However, knowledge of the factors that lead some MRs to close early has been slow to emerge. This study examined patterns and correlates of early versus on-time MR closures among 569 youth participating in Big Brothers Big Sisters community mentoring programs. Thirty-four percent of youth experienced an early MR closure prior to the end of the program's 12 month period of commitment. The probability of closure was highest at 12 months into the MR. Early closures were positively associated with youth gender (girls), behavioral difficulties, and match determination difficulties. Early and on-time closures were associated with youth extrinsic motives for joining the program. Early MR closures were negatively associated with youth perceptions of parent emotional support, parent social support, high quality MR, weekly contact in MR, and parent support of the MR. Implications for programming are discussed., (© Society for Community Research and Action 2016.)

Published
2016
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50. Validation of the PAC-SYM questionnaire for opioid-induced constipation in patients with chronic low back pain.

Author

Slappendel R, Simpson K, Dubois D, and Keininger DL

Subjects
Administration, Cutaneous, Administration, Oral, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analgesics, Opioid administration & dosage, Chronic Disease, Delayed-Action Preparations, Female, Fentanyl administration & dosage, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Morphine administration & dosage, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index, Analgesics, Opioid adverse effects, Constipation chemically induced, Fentanyl adverse effects, Low Back Pain drug therapy, Morphine adverse effects, Surveys and Questionnaires
Abstract

Background: The Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire is a 12-item self-report instrument divided into abdominal, rectal and stool domains., Aims: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the psychometric properties of PAC-SYM in assessing the symptoms and severity of opioid-induced constipation; (2) test for differences in opioid-induced constipation between Durogesic fentanyl transdermal reservoir (TDF) and oral sustained-release morphine (SRM) in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP)., Methods: In a 13-month, open-label, parallel-group study, 680 patients were randomised to receive either TDF (n=338) or SRM (n=342) for CLBP. Assessments were recorded at Visit 1 (baseline), Visit 5 (Day 29) and Visit 17 (Month 13). Concurrent validity, clinical validity and responsiveness of PAC-SYM were determined based on patients' confirmation of constipation (CC) scores. Differences in PAC-SYM scores between treatment groups were also evaluated., Results: The study included 677 patients, of whom 638 were opioid-naïve. Mean PAC-SYM scores for constipated patients were substantially higher than for non-constipated patients, demonstrating good clinical validity for PAC-SYM. The PAC-SYM could detect changes in bowel function over the treatment period, indicating responsiveness. Homogeneity of each symptom domain exceeded Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.70, suggesting good internal consistency and reliability. Changes in mean PAC-SYM scores from baseline to Visit 5 and Visit 17 were significantly lower for the TDF group than for the SRM group, indicating that the TDF group experienced less severe constipation., Conclusion: PAC-SYM is a reliable, valid and responsive measure of the presence and severity of opioid-induced constipation symptoms.

Published
2006
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