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The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Biological Principles 2.1. Organisms 2.2. Biocenosis 2.3. Metabolism 3. Basic Biotechnological Considerations 4. Technology and Operation of a Wastewater-Treatment Plant 5. Examples of Industrial Wastewater-Treatment Plants Based on a Variety of Centralized Processes 5.1. Single-Stage and Multistage Activated-Sludge Plants 5.2. Oxygen-Based Facilities 5.3. Treatment Facilities with Selective Carbon and Nitrogen Elimination 5.4. Trickling-Filter Facilities 5.5. Biofilter Systems 5.6. Indirect-Discharge Facilities

People have a desire for security, especially when they are about to enter an aircraft. Nobody wants to sit next to a terrorist flying 30,000 ft above ground. So, modern technology is expected to provide a solution to screen anybody willing to enter an aircraft for hidden threats. Obviously the actual solution using metal detectors and manual control is secure only to a certain level; moreover it is inefficient and offending. Security screening and respecting privacy at the same time constitute a conflict which cannot be easily solved. Characteristic for that dilemma is the actual public discussion regarding the so called “strip scanner” [1], where a technology with high security standard obviously violates privacy when in a figurative sense it undresses people and even worse illuminates them with arguable radiation (x-ray or millimetre waves). This article describes a possible solution, which respects people‘s privacy and complies with their basic need for security.

A geomagnetic field measurement system for the detection of archaeological signatures in the subsoil is presented based on the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). The system provides fast mapping of large areas with high magnetic field gradient resolution as well as lateral precision. The acquired data are geographically referenced and also the altitude profile is given. The properties of the system were tested intensively at the large Neolithic double-ring ditch enclosure of Niederzimmern near Weimar, Germany. Differences of the signal acquisition compared with caesium magnetometers are discussed. In the Niederzimmern double-ring ditch enclosure, with an area of 27 ha, archaeological patterns were found only near the gates. These SQUID measurements, together with accompanying excavations, provide a complex picture of the double-ring ditch enclosure, dated about 5600 years old. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Wieviel sicherer waren unsere Flugreisen, wenn die Kontrollbeamten wirklich alle versteckten Bedrohungen finden konnten, die potentielle Terroristen mit an Bord eines Flugzeugs schmuggeln wollen. Auf einem Terahertzbild konnte man Verdachtigen buchstablich unter die Kleidung schauen. Doch bislang gab es noch keine Technologie, eine THz-Videokamera zu bauen. Jenaer Forscher aus dem Institut fur Photonische Technologien konnten das jetzt andern.

A unique system for geomagnetic archaeometry is presented. It uses extremely sensitive superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) as magnetic field sensors, laid out as intrinsic gradiometers. These sensors are mounted on a non-metallic cart, which guarantees smooth movement even at high speeds. Using a differential global positioning system (GPS) together with an inertial system the measured magnetic field gradient data are located on the mapped area with centimetre resolution and the height profile is also provided using the GPS. All data are stored in a data logger and partially online displayed on a laptop computer. At the time of this report, the system is pushed manually and has been tested on a Neolithic double ring ditch near Weimar, Germany. In a gateway through the rings, remains of palisades and buildings have been well resolved, confirming the high sensitivity of the SQUID-based system. An excavation at the ring ditch showed that material with enhanced susceptibility was the origin of the magnetic field gradient signals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We report on successful tests of planar LTS SQUID gradiometers on airborne platforms such as helicopter and aircraft. The system works stable and allows profile work without any constraints. In mobile applications the gradient resolution at low frequencies is dominated by motion noise, since the parasitic areas of the SQUID gradiometer lead to strong disturbances if the gradiometer is tilted in the homogenous Earth's magnetic field. The balance can be improved further by software using data of a SQUID magnetometer triple. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

A novel fabrication strategy is introduced for the synthesis of 3D silver–silica hybrid nanostructures by employing the plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) on the templated substrates with enzymatically generated silver nanoparticles (EGNPs). Comparing with the conventional PE-ALD process for the silica deposition (by using the precursors of tri-dimethyl-amino-silane (TDMAS) and oxygen plasma), here the EGNPs play a key role for the formation of 3D hierarchical structures. During the oxygen plasma step, a metastable silver oxide surface is formed, and then thermally decomposes and releases excess oxygen during the next TDMAS step. A side reaction for the deposition of silica occurs with the excess released oxygen. The formation of the metastable silver oxide and its decomposition repeat cyclically during the PE-ALD process, thereby, the side reaction is going on progressively, and finally, the 3D silver–silica hybrid nanostructures are formed with this novel strategy of metastable state assisted atomic layer deposition. Various 3D silver–silica composite nanostructures, such as nanosponges and nanoflowers, can be fabricated easily by tuning the PE-ALD parameters. With each additional ALD cycle, the silver particle size decreases which also further reduces side reactions. The observed growth-effect thus seems to be limited by the amount of silver used.