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Abstract Silicon (Si)‐based solid‐state batteries (Si‐SSBs) are attracting tremendous attention because of their high energy density and unprecedented safety, making them become promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems. Nevertheless, the commercialization of Si‐SSBs is significantly impeded by enormous challenges including large volume variation, severe interfacial problems, elusive fundamental mechanisms, and unsatisfied electrochemical performance. Besides, some unknown electrochemical processes in Si‐based anode, solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), and Si‐based anode/SSE interfaces are still needed to be explored, while an in‐depth understanding of solid–solid interfacial chemistry is insufficient in Si‐SSBs. This review aims to summarize the current scientific and technological advances and insights into tackling challenges to promote the deployment of Si‐SSBs. First, the differences between various conventional liquid electrolyte‐dominated Si‐based lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with Si‐SSBs are discussed. Subsequently, the interfacial mechanical contact model, chemical reaction properties, and charge transfer kinetics (mechanical–chemical kinetics) between Si‐based anode and three different SSEs (inorganic (oxides) SSEs, organic–inorganic composite SSEs, and inorganic (sulfides) SSEs) are systemically reviewed, respectively. Moreover, the progress for promising inorganic (sulfides) SSE‐based Si‐SSBs on the aspects of electrode constitution, three‐dimensional structured electrodes, and external stack pressure is highlighted, respectively. Finally, future research directions and prospects in the development of Si‐SSBs are proposed.

Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyze choroidal vascular density alteration in high myopia with or without choroidal neovascularization by using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods. This was a cross-sectional, observational study that included 60 high-myopia eyes. All the participants had comprehensive ophthalmic assessments with visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit lamp-assisted biomicroscopy, color fundus photography, axial length, optometry, and OCTA. Age, sex, and comorbidities were collected from their medical charts. Univariate and multiple analyses were made to compare the age, spherical equivalent, choroidal vascular density, gender, and choroidal thickness between normal and patients with choroidal neovascularization. Results. 60 eyes with high myopia were included in our study, including 30 eyes with choroidal neovascularization and 30 eyes without choroidal neovascularization or other fundus pathology. The mean age of high myopic patients was older in the choroidal neovascularization group than in the normal group (48.43 ± 19.06 years vs. 28.83 ± 9.92 years, p

Abstract TNF receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6) promotes the development of human lung cancer through bridging RAS and NF‐kB pathways; on the other hand, thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) suppresses the growth of tumors. However, the crosstalk between TRAF6 and TXNIP in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently unclear. Here, we found that TXNIP expression induced by sodium butyrate (NaBu) was TRAF6‐dependent. Moreover, TXNIP interacted with TRAF6 via its PPxY motif. Polyubiquitylation analysis with wild‐type or mutant (Cysteine70 to Alanine) of TRAF6 further showed TRAF6 ubiquitylated TXNIP. NaBu reinforced the interaction of TRAF6/TXNIP as well as TXNIP’ polyubiquitylation. Moreover, treated with NaBu, the A549 cells with TRAF6/TXNIP double knockdown showed an enhanced protein expression of E‐cadherin comparing to cells with single gene or negative knockdown. The experimental results of transwell and nude mice xenograft showed that knocking down both TRAF6 and TXNIP in A549 cells affected its migration and proliferation compared to that of single knockdown or negative control cells. On the other hand, TXNIP localization was different depending on the cell types and fused‐tag (eg, FLAG or GFP). Our results revealed TRAF6 regulated the expression and polyubiquitylation of TXNIP in a NaBu‐dependent manner, alleviating tumorigenesis of TRAF6.

The expansion and maintenance of the NPMSC (nucleus pulposus mesenchymal stem cell) phenotype are considered as potential therapeutic tools for clinical applications in intervertebral disc tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the harsh microenvironment within the intervertebral disc is the main limitation of its regeneration. The osmolarity of the intervertebral disc is higher than that of other tissues, which has an important influence on the biological characteristics of NPMSCs. In this study, we observed the effect of different osmolarities on the biological characteristics of human normal NPMSCs cultured in vitro and explored the role of osmolarity in intervertebral disc degeneration. Our data demonstrated that the change in osmotic pressure has an important effect on the biological activity of NPMSCs, and this effect may occur through the P16INK4A/Rb pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the future treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.

This paper is devoted to H∞ consensus design and online scheduling for homogeneous multiagent systems (MASs) with switching topologies via deep reinforcement learning. The model of homogeneous MASs with switching topologies is established based on switched systems theory, in which the switching of topologies is viewed as the switching among subsystems. By employing linear transformation, the closed-loop systems of MASs are converted into reduced-order systems. The problem of H∞ consensus design can be transformed to the issue of H∞ control. It is supposed that the consensus protocol is composed of two parts: dynamics-based protocol and learning-based protocol, where dynamics-based protocol is provided to guarantee the convergence and weighted attenuation and learning-based protocol is proposed to improve the transient performance. Then, the multiple Lyapunov function (MLF) method and mode-dependent average dwell time (MDADT) method are combined to ensure the stability and weighted H∞ disturbance attenuation index of reduced-order systems. The sufficient existing conditions of dynamics-based protocol are given through the feasible solutions of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Moreover, the online scheduling is formulated as a Markov decision process, and the deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) algorithm in the framework of actor-critic is proposed for the compensation of disturbance to explore optimal control policy. The online scheduling of parameters of MASs is viewed as bounded compensation of dynamics-based protocol, whose stability can be guaranteed by nonfragile control theory. Finally, simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.