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1. Exploring genetic variability, heritability, and trait correlations in gari and eba quality from diverse cassava varieties in Nigeria

Author

Aghogho, Cynthia Idhigu, Kayondo, Ismail Siraj, Maziya‐Dixon, Busie, Eleblu, Saviour JY, Asante, Isaac, Offei, Samuel K., Parkes, Elizabeth, Ikpan Smith, Andrew, Adesokan, Michael, Abioye, Racheal, Chijioke, Ugo, Ogunpaimo, Kayode, Kulakow, Peter, Egesi, Chiedozie, Dufour, Dominique, Rabbi, Ismail Y., Aghogho, Cynthia Idhigu, Kayondo, Ismail Siraj, Maziya‐Dixon, Busie, Eleblu, Saviour JY, Asante, Isaac, Offei, Samuel K., Parkes, Elizabeth, Ikpan Smith, Andrew, Adesokan, Michael, Abioye, Racheal, Chijioke, Ugo, Ogunpaimo, Kayode, Kulakow, Peter, Egesi, Chiedozie, Dufour, Dominique, and Rabbi, Ismail Y.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Gari (especially in Nigeria) is an important West African food product made from cassava. It is an affordable, precooked, dry, easy to prepare and store food product. Eba is a stiff dough produced by reconstituting gari in hot water. Gari and eba quality is an important driver of varietal acceptance by farmers, processors, and consumers. RESULTS : This study characterized the genetic variability, heritability, and correlations among quality-related traits of fresh roots, gari, and eba. Thirty-three diverse genotypes, including landraces and released and advanced breeding genotypes, were used in this study. In total, 40 traits categorized into fresh root quality, colour, functional, and texture properties trait groups were assessed. We observed broad phenotypic variability among the genotypes used in this study. Dry matter content had a positive (P < 0.05) correlation with gari%, bulk density and a negative correlation with eba hardness and gumminess. Broad-sense heritability across all environments varied considerably among the different trait groups: 62% to 79% for fresh root quality, 0% to 96% for colour, 0% to 79% for functional and 0% to 57% for texture properties. CONCLUSIONS: The stable broad-sense heritability found for gari%, gari and eba colour, bulk density, swelling index, and hardness measured using instrumental texture profile analysis coupled with sufficient variability in the population indicate good potential for genetic improvement of these traits through recurrent selection. Also, it is possible to genetically improve gari%, bulk density, and swelling power by simultaneously improving the dry matter content of fresh roots.

Published
2024

2. Low‐cost, handheld near‐infrared spectroscopy for root dry matter content prediction in cassava

Author

Jenna Hershberger, Edwige Gaby Nkouaya Mbanjo, Prasad Peteti, Andrew Ikpan, Kayode Ogunpaimo, Kehinde Nafiu, Ismail Y. Rabbi, and Michael A. Gore

Subjects
Plant culture, SB1-1110
Abstract

Abstract Over 800 million people across the tropics rely on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as a major source of calories. While the root dry matter content (RDMC) of this starchy root crop is important for both producers and consumers, characterization of RDMC by traditional methods is time‐consuming and laborious for breeding programs. Alternate phenotyping methods have been proposed but lack the accuracy, cost, or speed ultimately needed for cassava breeding programs. For this reason, we investigated the use of a low‐cost, handheld near‐infrared spectrometer (740–1070 nm) for field‐based RDMC prediction in cassava. Oven‐dried measurements of RDMC were paired with 21,044 scans of roots of 376 diverse genotypes from 10 field trials in Nigeria and grouped into training and test sets based on cross‐validation schemes relevant to plant breeding programs. Mean partial least squares regression model performance ranged from R2P = 0.62–0.89 for within‐trial predictions, which is within the range achieved with laboratory‐grade spectrometers in previous studies. Relative to other factors, model performance was highly affected by the inclusion of samples from the same environment in both the training and test sets. With appropriate model calibration, the tested spectrometer will allow for field‐based collection of spectral data with a smartphone for accurate RDMC prediction and potentially other quality traits, a step that could be easily integrated into existing harvesting workflows of cassava breeding programs.

Published
2022
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3. Exploring genetic variability, heritability, and trait correlations in gari and eba quality from diverse cassava varieties in Nigeria

Author

Aghogho, Cynthia Idhigu, primary, Kayondo, Siraj Ismail, additional, Maziya‐Dixon, Bussie, additional, Eleblu, Saviour JY, additional, Asante, Isaac, additional, Offei, Samuel K, additional, Parkes, Elizabeth, additional, Ikpan Smith, Andrew, additional, Adesokan, Micheal, additional, Abioye, Racheal, additional, Chijioke, Ugo, additional, Ogunpaimo, Kayode, additional, Kulakow, Peter, additional, Egesi, Chiedozie, additional, Dufour, Dominique, additional, and Rabbi, Ismail Y, additional

Published
2023
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5. Genetic Mapping Using Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing in the Clonally Propagated Cassava

Author

Martha T. Hamblin, Andrew Smith Ikpan, Ismail Y. Rabbi, Jean-Luc Jannink, Peter Kulakow, Melaku Gedil, Delphine Ly, and Morag Ferguson

Subjects
Genetics, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Population, food and beverages, Locus (genetics), Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Genetic architecture, Gene mapping, Genetic gain, Gene pool, education, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta L.) is one of the most important food crops in the tropics, but yields are far below their potential. The gene pool of cas- sava contains natural genetic diversity relevant to many important breeding goals, but breeding progress has been slow, partly because of insuf- ficient genomic resources. As a first step toward implementing genomewide genetic studies that will facilitate rapid genetic gain through breed- ing, we genotyped-by-sequencing a set of 182 full-sibs population of cassava that segregated in several traits: resistance to the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and yield under CMD pressure; increased carotenoid content in storage roots; color of stem exterior and anthocyanin pigmen- tation in the petioles, inner root skin, and api- cal leaves. Employing a rare-cutting restriction enzyme, PstI, in a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) library preparation, we obtained 2478 segregating single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which 1257 passed standard filter - ing for missing genotypes and deviation from expected genotypic frequencies. We mapped 772 SNPs across 19 linkage groups and anchored 313 unique scaffolds from the version 4.1 of the cassava genome assembly. Most of the stud- ied morphological traits as well as resistance to CMD and root carotenoid content showed quali- tative inheritance. As expected, quantitative trait loci analysis for these traits revealed single loci surrounded by small confidence intervals. Yield under CMD was associated with the CMD resis- tance locus. We show that GBS is a powerful genotyping tool that provides a sufficient number of markers for unraveling the genetic architecture of Mendelian traits in cassava in addition to the development of a robust genetic map that can help anchor unassembled genomic scaffolds.

Published
2014
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