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Abstract Introduction Observational studies have found that most patients with arthritis have depression. We aimed to determine the causal relationship between various types of arthritis and depression. Methods We conducted a two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis to determine whether there was a significant causal relationship between depression and multiple types of arthritis. The data of our study were derived from the publicly released genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) and the largest GWAS meta‐analysis. MR analysis mainly used inverse‐variance weighted method; supplementary methods included weighted median, weighted mode, and MR‐Egger using MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier to detect and correct for the presence of pleiotropy. Results After adjusting for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, we found that depression was associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01–1.02, p = 2.96 × E − 5). In the reverse analysis, OA was also found to increase the risk of depression (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.04–1.15, p = .0002). Depression only increased the risk of knee OA (KOA) (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.10–1.42, p = 6.46 × E − 4). Depression could potentially increase the risk of spondyloarthritis (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.19–1.94, p ≤ 8.94 × E − 4). Conclusion There is a bidirectional causal relationship of depression with OA. However, depression only augments the risk of developing KOA. Depression may increase the risk of spondyloarthritis and gout.

Abstract Nanotechnology‐inspired small‐sized water‐enabled electricity generation (WEG) has sparked widespread research interest, especially when applied as an electricity source for off‐grid low‐power electronic equipment and systems. Currently, WEG encompasses a wide range of physical phenomena, generator structures, and power generation environments. However, a systematic framework to clearly describe the connections and differences between these technologies is unavailable. In this review, a comprehensive overview of generator technologies and the typical mechanisms for harvesting water energy is provided. Considering the different roles of water in WEG processes, the related technologies are presented as two different scenarios. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the electrical potential formation in each WEG process is presented, and their similarities and differences are elucidated. Furthermore, a comprehensive compilation of advanced generator architectures and system designs based on hydrological cycle processes is presented, along with their respective energy efficiencies. These nanotechnology‐inspired small‐sized WEG devices show considerable potential for applications in the Internet of Things ecosystem (i.e., microelectronic devices, integrated circuits, and smart clothing). Finally, the prospects and future challenges of WEG devices are also summarized.

Abstract Fermentation technology was used to prepare the acaí (Euterpe oleracea) fermentation liquid. The optimal fermentation parameters included a strain ratio of Lactobacillus paracasei: Leuconostoc mesenteroides: Lactobacillus plantarum = 0.5:1:1.5, a fermentation time of 6 days, and a nitrogen source supplemental level of 2.5%. In optimal conditions, the ORAC value of the fermentation liquid reached the highest value of 273.28 ± 6.55 μmol/L Trolox, which was 55.85% higher than the raw liquid. In addition, the FRAP value of the acaí, as well as its scavenging ability of DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS free radicals, increased after fermentation. Furthermore, after fermentation treatment, the microstructure, basic physicochemical composition, amino acid composition, γ‐aminobutyric acid, a variety of volatile components, and so on have changed. Therefore, fermentation treatment can significantly improve the nutritional value and flavor of the acaí. This provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of acaí.

Abstract Purpose Postoperative delirium (POD) is a usual complication after total hip/knee replacement, which may be affected by sleep characteristics. However, up to now, preoperative sleep characteristics have not been evaluated as risk factors of POD. The relationship between self‐reported sleep characteristics and POD in patients has been investigated in this study. Patients and Methods We recruited 495 cognitively intact individuals in the final analysis from the Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder and Biomarker Lifestyle study. Sleep characteristics were tested by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Mini‐mental state examination was applied to assess preoperative mental status of patients. Postoperatively, we used confusion assessment method and memorial delirium assessment scale to evaluate the incidence of POD and POD severity, respectively. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of T‐tau, P‐tau, Aβ40, and Aβ42 were detected by enzyme‐linked immune‐sorbent assay before the operation. Logistic regression, multiple linear regression, and mediation effects were performed to analyze the relationship between self‐reported sleep characteristics and POD. Results POD was detected in 11.31% (56/495) of the patients, with logistic regression analysis showing that daytime dysfunction, P‐tau, and T‐tau were risk factors of POD, and Aβ42 was a protective factor of POD. Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed that daytime dysfunction was positively correlated with P‐tau in patients with POD. Meanwhile, compared to the patients with no postoperative delirium, the CSF levels of P‐ and T‐tau were higher in patients with POD. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that it was probable that daytime dysfunction mediated POD through P‐tau (proportion: 12.90%) partially. Conclusion Daytime dysfunction is a risk factor of POD preoperatively. To sum up, CSF P‐tau protein might partially mediate the influence of daytime dysfunction on POD. Clinical trial registration This study was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000033439).

Abstract The simulations and experiments for two 400 W low‐speed direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs) installed in a Floating Kuroshio Turbine (FKT) were implemented. The towing tank experiments were carried out at National Taiwan University. A generator can start to harvest current energy at the rotation speed of 30 rpm (corresponding to the current flow rate of 0.36 m/s), and produce the rated power of 400 W at 150 rpm. The speed is very low compared with the published reports. The energy conversion efficiency of the FKT is up to 0.85. The results show that the generated direct current (DC) power is more than 800 W at a flow rate of 1.5 m/s. The power coefficient for the FKT is about 0.4. The energy loss at each stage and the power difference between the testing platform and the towing tank experiment were also analyzed. Moreover, the shape of the FKT is a new design. Compared with other structures, the proposed FKT can easily follow the direction of the ocean current and the depth of the FKT can be adjustable; when it doesn’t operate, it will float on the surface so that it is easy for maintenance.

Background Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a reactive lesion histopathologically characterized by papillary growth of vascular endothelial cells. IPEH is most commonly found in the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the head, neck, and extremities. Furthermore, it has been reported to occur in oral surgery, but its occurrence in bone is extremely rare. Case Presentation We present the case of a 77‐year‐old man with a chief complaint of left knee arthralgia. The knee joint X‐ray showed Kellgren–Lawrence grade 4 osteoarthritis and a mass lesion with decreased permeability within the bone in the medial part of the proximal tibia. Computerized tomography (CT) scan of the left knee showed a localized mass in the left proximal tibia with clear margins and granular internal calcification. The preoperative diagnosis was left knee osteoarthritis and a benign tumor of the left proximal tibia (enchondroma or hemangioma). The patient requested surgical treatment, so left total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and resection of the tumor were performed. The pathology revealed a rare intraosseous IPEH with marked calcification. Conclusions Since intraosseous IPEH could not be considered from the clinical findings, the pathological diagnosis was the decisive factor. This report showed the world's first case of intraosseous IPEH with marked calcification. Similar to the calcification of intraosseous hemangiomas, we considered the possibility that, in IPEH, the thrombus may fibrosis and organize in concentric circles, causing necrosis at the center and resulting in calcification. TKA was performed on the degenerative knee joint with IPEH, and a good patient outcome was obtained.

Abstract Evaluation of the oxygen‐mediated effects of clinical and daily activities demands an on‐skin device that can track multi‐vital regional tissue hemodynamics simultaneously. For example, peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the third most prevalent cardiovascular disease, but the means of diagnosing and monitoring this disease are limited because the affected area is usually in the non‐pulsatile area away from the heart. Herein, we report on an ultrathin and ultralight multi‐vital near‐infrared optoelectronic biosensor for the diagnosis and rehabilitation monitoring of regional tissue hemodynamics, which is suitable for mounting on the skin for long‐term measurement. The device can simultaneously detect tissue oxygen saturation, heart rate, arterial blood oxygen, and tissue perfusion and shows potential for various hypoxia monitoring applications. Moreover, the tissue hemodynamics detected by this device showed a highly accordance with the ankle‐brachial index and CT angiography obtained by traditional clinical methods. Therefore, our design was able to accurately diagnose and effectively evaluate PAD patients before and after surgery. The on‐skin optoelectronic biosensor shows potential in biological oxygen‐mediated behavior evaluation, injury‐state monitoring, PAD clinical diagnosis optimization, and after surgery care.

The adrenergic system contributes to the stress‐induced onset and progression of cancer. Adrenergic fibers are the primary source of norepinephrine (NE). The underlying mechanisms involved in NE‐induced colon cancer remain to be understood. In this study, we describe the function and regulatory network of NE in the progression of colon cancer. We demonstrate that NE‐induced phosphorylation of cAMP response element‐binding protein 1 (CREB1) promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion of human colon cancer cells. The downstream effector of NE, CREB1, bound to the promoter of miR‐373 and transcriptionally activated its expression. miR‐373 expression was shown to be necessary for NE‐induced cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor growth. We confirmed that proliferation and invasion of colon cancer cells are regulated in vitro and in vivo by miR‐373 through targeting of the tumor suppressors TIMP2 and APC. Our data suggest that NE promotes colon cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by activating the CREB1–miR‐373 axis. The study of this novel signaling axis may provide mechanistic insights into the neural regulation of colon cancer and help in the design of future clinical studies on stress biology in colorectal cancer.

Background. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in adults, causing high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, the prevalence of T2DM has been increasing significantly, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have shown that KCNQ1 significantly increases the risk of T2DM. Objective. To find large-scale evidence on whether the KCNQ1rs2237892C⟶T gene polymorphism is associated with T2DM susceptibility. Methods. A comprehensive review of the Chinese and English literature on the association of T2DM with KCNQ1rs2237892 is published by PubMed and Baidu Academic. The included literature was part or all of the studied loci which were evaluated for association with T2DM. Forest plots were made of the included literature to analyze the association of KCNQ1 with polymorphisms of the studied loci, and funnel plots and Egger’s test were used to evaluate the publication bias of the selected included literature. Results. Ten case-control studies including a total of 7027 cases and 8208 controls met our inclusion criteria. Allele (C allele frequency distribution) (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.87,1.62; P

Background. Diabetes is one of the common chronic diseases in which susceptibility is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and more than 90% of diabetic patients are diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM). The existing studies on the association between CDKAL1 rs10946398 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes are inconsistent across populations. Aim. We aim to explore the association between CDKAL1 rs10946398 gene polymorphism and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in different populations. Methods. We examined all studies before June 12, 2021, that associated CDKAL1 rs10946398 with T2DM. Heterogeneity was assessed by meta-analysis of allelic inheritance models (A vs. C), dominant inheritance models (AA vs. AC+CC), and recessive inheritance model (AA+AC vs. CC); I2 was used to assess the heterogeneity (if I20.05 indicates that there is no publication bias). Results. Fourteen data totaling 30288 subjects, including 19272 controls and 11016 patients with T2DM, met our inclusion criteria. In the Asian population, the differences were statistically significant (p0.01). In the non-Asian population, the differences were statistically significant (p