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4. Distribution of Side Abutment Stress in Roadway Subjected to Dynamic Pressure and Its Engineering Application

Author

Yao Qiangling, Zhou Jian, Li Yanan, Tan Yingming, and Jiang Zhigang

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The borehole stress-meter was employed in this study to investigate the distribution of the side abutment stress in roadway subjected to dynamic pressure. The results demonstrate that the side abutment stress of the mining roadway reaches a peak value when the distance to the gob is 8 m and the distribution curve of the side abutment stress can be divided into three zones: stress rising zone, stress stabilizing zone, and stress decreasing zone. Further numerical investigation was carried out to study the effect of the coal mass strength, coal seam depth, immediate roof strength, and thickness on the distribution of the side abutment stress. Based on the research results, we determined the reasonable position of the mining roadway and the optimal width of the barrier pillar. The engineering application demonstrates that the retention of the barrier pillar with a width of 5 m along the gob as the haulage roadway for the next panel is feasible, which delivers favorable technological and economic benefits.

Published
2015
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11. A 2017 Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues for Global Conservation and Biological Diversity

Author

Sutherland, William J., Barnard, Phoebe, Broad, Steven, Clout, Mick, Connor, Ben, Côté, Isabelle M., Dicks, Lynn V., Doran, Helen, Entwistle, Abigail C., Fleishman, Erica, Fox, Marie, Gaston, Kevin J., Gibbons, David W., Jiang, Zhigang, Keim, Brandon, Lickorish, Fiona A., Markillie, Paul, Monk, Kathryn A., Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pretty, Jules, Spalding, Mark D., Tonneijck, Femke H., Wintle, Bonnie C., Ockendon, Nancy, Sutherland, William J., Barnard, Phoebe, Broad, Steven, Clout, Mick, Connor, Ben, Côté, Isabelle M., Dicks, Lynn V., Doran, Helen, Entwistle, Abigail C., Fleishman, Erica, Fox, Marie, Gaston, Kevin J., Gibbons, David W., Jiang, Zhigang, Keim, Brandon, Lickorish, Fiona A., Markillie, Paul, Monk, Kathryn A., Pearce-Higgins, James W., Peck, Lloyd S., Pretty, Jules, Spalding, Mark D., Tonneijck, Femke H., Wintle, Bonnie C., and Ockendon, Nancy

Abstract

We present the results of our eighth annual horizon scan of emerging issues likely to affect global biological diversity, the environment, and conservation efforts in the future. The potential effects of these novel issues might not yet be fully recognized or understood by the global conservation community, and the issues can be regarded as both opportunities and risks. A diverse international team with collective expertise in horizon scanning, science communication, and conservation research, practice, and policy reviewed 100 potential issues and identified 15 that qualified as emerging, with potential substantial global effects. These issues include new developments in energy storage and fuel production, sand extraction, potential solutions to combat coral bleaching and invasive marine species, and blockchain technology.

Published
2017

12. Grazers on the plains: challenges and prospects for large herbivores in Central Asia

Author

Jiang Zhigang and David Mallon

Subjects
Overexploitation, Extinction, Geography, Habitat destruction, Ecology, Habitat, Agroforestry, Endangered species, Ecosystem, Rangeland, Wildlife conservation
Abstract

Summary 1 Twelve species of large herbivores dwell on the steppes of Central Asia and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Three of these species once occurred in vast herds in the three major rangeland ecosystems of the region. Populations of all species are now diminished, some reduced to a point close to extinction, mainly due to overharvesting and habitat loss. 2 The rate and effectiveness of hunting increased steadily throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Major social and economic changes that occurred across the region during the last 20 years have further accelerated the declining trend. 3 Synthesis and applications. Conservation of these species over the long-term presents a challenge, especially across the spatial scale required for the migratory and nomadic species. Immediate efforts are urgently needed while substantial numbers remain and extensive tracts of habitat are still intact.

Published
2009

14. Relationship between Serum Testosterone, Dominance and Mating Success in Pere David's Deer Stags

Author

Zeng Yan, Li Chunwang, Yan Caie, and Jiang Zhigang

Subjects
Serum testosterone, Elaphurus davidianus, Harem, Seasonal breeder, Pudú, Milü, Animal Science and Zoology, Herding, Biology, Odocoileus, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography
Abstract

Li Chunwang, Jiang Zhigang, Zeng Yan & Yan CaieGraduate School of theChinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaAbstractWe conducted an experiment in the Beijing Milu Park to study the socialbehavior of male Pe`re David’s deer, and related social behavior to socialposition and serum testosterone level of the stags during rut. We classified thestags into three rank classes according to their rutting behavior: harem master,challenger and bachelor. We monitored the behaviors of four harem masters,five challengers and five bachelors, and analyzed serum testosterone levels inblood samples of those 14 stags using radioimmunoassay. We defined theeffectiveness value, E ¼ A/T, to assess the effectiveness of herding or matingattempts made by stags (T represents the frequency of herding ormating attempts made by a stag and A represents the frequency of herdingor mating attempts accepted by hinds). We found that: (1) the harem mastersand the challengers displayed more frequent rut and locomotive behaviors butfewer ingestion behaviors than the bachelors; (2) serum testosterone levels inthe harem masters and the challengers were higher than that in the bachelors;(3) effectiveness value of herding attempts differed significantly between the threetypes of stags, being highest in the harem masters and the lowest in thebachelors; and (4) effectiveness value of mating attempts was significantlygreater for the harem masters than for the challengers. We conclude that: (1)reproductive behavior of the Pe`re David’s deer stags is strongly associated withsocial rank; (2) social roles of Pe`re David’s deer stags during the rut are relatedto the testosterone secretion; and (3) rank class affects the mating opportunity ofthe stags.Correspondence: Jiang Zhigang PhD,Graduate School ofthe ChineseAcademy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China. E-mail: jiangzg@panda.ioz.ac.cnIntroductionMost ungulates, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), white-tailed deer(Odocoileus virginianus), pudu (Pudu puda), antelope and domestic horse, breedby establishing a hierarchical system (Clutton-Brock et al. 1982; Gosling 1986

Published
2004

29. The Three Gorges Dam: an ecological perspective

Author

Wu, Jianguo, primary, Huang, Jianhui, additional, Han, Xingguo, additional, Gao, Xianming, additional, He, Fangliang, additional, Jiang, Mingxi, additional, Jiang, Zhigang, additional, Primack, Richard B., additional, and Shen, Zehao, additional

Published
2004
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