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Abstract Predicting wind power ramp events directly based on the historical ramp event time series has drawn increasing attention recently. But the class imbalance problem of the ramp event time series significantly affects the prediction accuracy of ramp events. In the present study, a layer oversampling (LOS) method is proposed considering the relation characteristics of wind power amplitudes and the occurrence frequency of wind power ramp events. Meanwhile, a hybrid sampling method of error bootstrap‐LOS (EB‐LOS) is proposed by combining LOS with the EB oversampling method. After balancing the samples of the ramp and nonramp events by using different sampling methods, the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), and the long short‐term memory (LSTM) methods are employed to directly predict ramp events based on historical data collected from eight wind farms. Comparison results proved that the proposed EB‐LOS method achieves the best prediction performance with an average recall of 0.8196 when using the BPNN model to directly predict ramp events. The best prediction performance of the EB‐LOS method is also proved by using the LSTM model to directly predict ramp events.

Abstract Anomaly detection of steam turbines is to recognize infrequent instances within sensor data that plays a vital role in stable power supply. Machine learning models have been applied to diagnose the faults of turbine and verified useful for identifying engine problem. To detect anomalies of steam turbines with machine learning methods, here, an approach called hierarchical pre‐warning strategy is proposed that combines clustering methods with classification methods. Three different clustering methods, K‐means, Isolation Forest and Local Outlier Factor, are chosen to separate anomalies from normal data. Since clustering results cannot give unanimous decision, the clustering instances are labelled with three classes, real anomalies, suspected anomalies and normal data, according to their overlapping recognition. Subsequently, five classification algorithms, k‐nearest neighbour, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest and gradient boosting decision tree, have been examined to train the labelled data set. The classification results illustrate that gradient boosting decision tree and random forest are much more precise to detect real anomalies of steam turbines. The real anomalies identified by clustering methods have been classified into suspected anomalies by this approach that is more practicable and consistent with ground truth.

In order to reduce the erosion of the ion thruster accelerator grid, which is caused by charge-exchange (CEX) ions, the 2-grid optical system is added to a decelerator grid to block the reflux CEX ions. The previous experiment and simulation results have proven that the decelerator grid can effectively reduce the Pit and Groove erosion. However, the influence of the decelerator grid on the optical performance has not yet been studied well. In this paper, a three-dimensional Immersed Finite Element Method-Particle in Cell-Monte Carlo Collision (IFE-PIC-MCC) algorithm was adopted to investigate the effect of the decelerator grid on the optical performance under crossover and normal circumstances. Results show that the decelerator grid has no effect on the focusing state and the distribution of beam ions. It also has little effect on the CEX ions from the upstream and extraction (center) regions. However, it has great influence on the downstream CEX ions. When the upstream plasma number density is small, the decelerator grid will cause most of the downstream reflux CEX ions to impinge on the accelerator grid aperture barrel, resulting in the significant increase of the Barrel erosion of the accelerator grid. With the increase of the upstream plasma number density, the downstream reflux CEX ions tend to impact the downstream surface of the decelerator grid, which means the decelerator grid begins to block the downstream backflow of CEX ions.

In vehicular participatory sensing, vehicles may provide false data or low-quality data. Building trust in vehicular ad hoc networks is an efficient way to deal with this issue. On one hand, vehicles need to disclose necessary information to demonstrate their trustworthiness. On the other hand, vehicles tend to hide their sensitive information to preserve user privacy. Therefore, privacy and trust are conflict in vehicular ad hoc networks. A cluster-based reputation framework named ClusterRep is proposed to balance privacy and trust in vehicular ad hoc networks. In this framework, the cluster head collaborates with cluster members to change pseudonyms and reputation values. The experiments show the scalability and the effectiveness of the ClusterRep compared with Beta strategy and IncogniSense-floor strategy.

Uncertainty theory is a branch of axiomatic mathematics dealing with experts’ belief degree. Considering the uncertainty with experts’ belief degree in the evaluation system and the different roles which different indices play in evaluating the overall goal with a hierarchical structure, a new comprehensive evaluation method is constructed based on uncertainty theory. First, index scores and weights of indices are described by uncertain variables and evaluation grades are described by uncertain sets. Second, weights of indices with respect to the overall goal are introduced. Third, a new uncertainty comprehensive evaluation method is constructed and proved to be a generalization of the weighted average method. Finally, an application is developed in evaluating software quality, which shows the effectiveness of the new method.

Abstract In recent years, the precisely controlled synthesis of chiral twisted molecular carbons has emerged as a forefront topic in the research of carbon materials. Molecular carbons refer to carbon nanomaterials synthesized with precision at the atomic level. Through rational design, rigid and stable chiral twisted structures can be synthesized. The exploration in the field of chiral twisted molecular carbons is key to fully understanding the various twisted configurations of carbon materials and delving into the relationship between structure design and functionality. This review explores chiral twisted configurations of carbon nanomaterials such as nanographene, carbon nanobelts, carbon nanosheets, graphdiyne, etc. It emphasizes the role of photocyclization, Scholl reaction, and Diels–Alder reactions in achieving precise chiral control and discusses a range of innovative design strategies. These strategies have led to the development of various twisted structures, such as helical, propeller, and Möbius strip configurations. The introduction of chirality, combined with the inherent exceptional optical properties of nanocarbon materials, has facilitated the creation of materials with superior chiroptical performances. This advancement is driving applications in fields such as optoelectronics and chiral optics.

Abstract Circadian rhythm disorder (CRD) is closely associated with hair regression and shedding, but whether this risk can be transmitted to the offspring is unknown. Whether Pu‐erh tea, with alleviating effects of CRD‐mediated syndrome, can act on the transmission of alopecia risk to offspring is also unproven. Here, we obtained CRD parental mice offspring and found that CRD‐mediated alopecia risk can be transmitted to offspring, especially male offspring. Parental consumption of Pu‐erh tea, especially in females or both parents, reduced the risk of CRD‐mediated alopecia transmitted to offspring by inhibiting subcutaneous fat accumulation (downregulation of Rab18, fat‐specific protein 27 (Fsp27), and perilipin 1 (Plin1)), reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in skin tissue (NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4)/ nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB)), balancing androgen and hair growth factor release (hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)), and restoring hair follicle DNA repair function (upregulation of Ku70, 8‐Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), and Rad51). Transcriptomic analysis further clarified that the mechanism stemmed from the upregulation of gene expression in pathways such as the Wnt, Hippo, and other signaling pathways.

Abstract Aims Few studies have investigated differences in sequential transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and simultaneous RFA‐TACE for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using the Milan criteria. This study explored the differences in safety and prognosis between sequential TACE‐RFA and simultaneous RFA‐TACE. Methods This retrospective real‐world study included 109 patients with HCC within the Milan criteria who underwent sequential TACE‐RFA (n = 75) or simultaneous RFA‐TACE (n = 34) at the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital between January 2017 and 2021. Postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, and long‐term prognosis were compared. The median follow‐up duration of these patients was 39.1 months. Overall survival (OS) and time to tumor recurrence (TTR) curves were plotted using the Kaplan−Meier method and were compared using the logarithmic rank test. Independent risk factors for OS and tumor recurrence (TR) were analyzed using the Cox risk regression model. Results Multivariate analysis showed that tumor diameter >3 cm (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.201, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.106–4.378, p = 0.025; HR: 2.236, 95% CI: 1.271–3.934, p = 0.005, respectively) and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) > 400 μg/L (HR: 2.362, 95% CI: 1.195–4.668, p = 0.013; HR: 1.798, 95% CI: 1.048–3.086, p = 0.033, respectively) were independent risk factors for OS and TTR, whereas the presence of multiple tumors (HR: 2.352, 95% CI: 1.127–4.907, p = 0.023) was an independent risk factor for TTR. Simultaneous RFA‐TACE did not have an effect on OS or TTR. After propensity score‐matched, comparable results were obtained and RFA‐TACE still had no effect on OS or TTR. No significant differences were observed in grade III/IV complications (2/75 [2.7%] vs. 1/34 [2.9%], p = 1.000) between the two groups. However, the RFA‐TACE group had fewer complications than the TACE‐RFA group (24/34 [70.6%] vs. 66/75 [88.0%], p = 0.026). The RFA‐TACE group had a shorter hospital stay and less total cost during hospitalization compared with the TACE‐RFA group (6.0 vs. 10.0 days, p

Abstract Background Diabetic sarcopenia is a disease‐related skeletal muscle disorder that causes progressive symptoms. The complete understanding of its pathogenesis is yet to be unravelled, which makes it difficult to develop effective therapeutic strategies. This study investigates how MFG‐E8 affects mitophagy and the protective role of D‐pinitol (DP) in diabetic sarcopenia. Methods In vivo, streptozotocin‐induced diabetic SAM‐R1 (STZ‐R1) and SAM‐P8 (STZ‐P8) mice (16‐week‐old) were used, and STZ‐P8 mice were administrated of DP (150 mg/kg per day) for 6 weeks. Gastrocnemius muscles were harvested for histological analysis including transmission electron microscopy. Proteins were evaluated via immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), and western blotting (WB) assay. In vitro, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) induced diabetic and D‐galactose (DG) induced senescent C2C12 models were established and received DP, MFG‐E8 plasmid (Mover)/siRNA (MsiRNA), or 3‐MA/Torin‐1 intervention. Proteins were evaluated by IF and WB assay. Immunoprecipitation (IP) and co‐immunoprecipitation (CO‐IP) were used for hunting the interacted proteins of MFG‐E8. Results In vivo, sarcopenia, mitophagy deficiency, and up‐regulated MFG‐E8 were confirmed in the STZ‐P8 group. DP exerted protective effects on sarcopenia and mitophagy (DP + STZ‐P8 vs. STZ‐P8; all P

SRY‐box transcription factor 6 (SOX6) is a member of the SOX gene family and inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by inducing cell cycle arrest. However, the final cell fate and significance of these cell‐cycle‐arrested cervical cancer cells induced by SOX6 remains unclear. Here, we report that SOX6 inhibits the proliferation of cervical cancer cells by inducing cellular senescence, which is mainly mediated by promoting transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2) gene expression and subsequently activating the TGFβ2–Smad2/3–p53–p21WAF1/CIP1–Rb pathway. SOX6 promotes TGFB2 gene expression through the MAP4K4–MAPK (JNK/ERK/p38)–ATF2 and WT1–ATF2 pathways, which is dependent on its high‐mobility group (HMG) domain. In addition, the SOX6‐induced senescent cervical cancer cells are resistant to cisplatin treatment. ABT‐263 (navitoclax) and ABT‐199 (venetoclax), two classic senolytics, can specifically eliminate the SOX6‐induced senescent cervical cancer cells, and thus significantly improve the chemosensitivity of cisplatin‐resistant cervical cancer cells. This study uncovers that the MAP4K4/WT1–ATF2–TGFβ2 axis mediates SOX6‐induced cellular senescence, which is a promising therapeutic target in improving the chemosensitivity of cervical cancer.

Abstract Background The aim of the present study was to compare the predictive accuracy of PD‐L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC), tissue or blood tumor mutation burden (tTMB, bTMB), gene expression profile (GEP), driver gene mutation, and combined biomarkers for immunotherapy response of advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods In part 1, clinical trials involved with predictive biomarker exploration for immunotherapy in advanced NSCLC were included. The area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC), sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio and predictive value of the biomarkers were evaluated. In part 2, public datasets of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)‐treated NSCLC involved with biomarkers were curated (N = 871). Odds ratio (OR) of the positive versus negative biomarker group for objective response rate (ORR) was measured. Results In part 1, the AUC of combined biomarkers (0.75) was higher than PD‐L1 (0.64), tTMB (0.64), bTMB (0.68), GEP (0.67), and driver gene mutation (0.51). Combined biomarkers also had higher specificity, positive likelihood ratio and positive predictive value than single biomarkers. In part 2, the OR of combined biomarkers of PD‐L1 plus TMB (PD‐L1 cutoff 1%, 0.14; cutoff 50% 0.13) was lower than that of PD‐L1 (cutoff 1%, 0.33; cutoff 50% 0.24), tTMB (0.28), bTMB (0.48), EGFR mutation (0.17) and KRAS mutation (0.47), for distinguishing ORR of patients after immunotherapy. Furthermore, positive PD‐L1, tTMB‐high, wild‐type EGFR, and positive PD‐L1 plus TMB were associated with prolonged progression‐free survival (PFS). Conclusion Combined biomarkers have superior predictive accuracy than single biomarkers for immunotherapy response of NSCLC. Further investigation is warranted to select optimal biomarkers for various clinical settings.

Abstract In this letter, we address the problem of designing the joint waveform of radar detection, wireless communication and jamming. In the current most powerful filter‐bank multi‐carrier comb spectrum framework, a parameter‐agile time–frequency structure between symbols is elaborated to improve the uncertainty of waveform generation architecture. Furthermore, a novel composite modulation strategy that combines intra‐symbol chaos‐based radar frequency modulation and inter‐symbol chaos‐based phase modulation is proposed for a substantial jamming performance improvement. Simulation results verify that the proposed joint waveform produces a superior jamming performance while satisfying the requirements of radar detection and wireless communication.

Abstract Telemedicine has gained tremendous development during the COVID‐19 pandemic. With deblocking and opening, telemedicine accelerates the evolvution of the medical “snack community” and undermines the perception of medical students and staff, which promotes the incidence of psychosocial‐related disorders. Moreover, the inconsistent telemedicine adaptability between medical workers and patients aggravates the doctor–patient conflict due to the aging population and COVID‐19 squeal. Telemedicine is colliding with the national healthcare system, whose synchronization with conventional medical service is crucial to coordinate the relationship among medical payment, patient privacy and qualifications of clinicians. This study puts more emphasis on the double‐edged sword role of telemedicine in clinical practice and medical education during the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond. Overall, while telemedicine has demonstrated its utility in health care throughout the COVID pandemic, it is pretty critical to continue evaluating the efficacy and limitations of telemedicine in order to maintain equal access to medical service and high‐quality medical education. A new concept as telemedicine‐medical “snack community”‐PHS ecosystem, where the psychological health education system and partners healthcare system with enough bandwidth, especially 5G technology, could optimize the effect of telemedicine on medical practice and education, is proposed.

Abstract Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and vision loss. Since irreversible neurodegeneration occurs before diagnosable, early diagnosis and effective neuroprotection are critical for glaucoma management. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are demonstrated to be potential novel biomarkers and therapeutics for a variety of diseases. In this study, it is found that intravitreal injection of circulating plasma‐derived sEVs (PDEV) from glaucoma patients ameliorated retinal degeneration in chronic ocular hypertension (COH) mice. Moreover, it is found that PDEV‐miR‐29s are significantly upregulated in glaucoma patients and are associated with visual field defects in progressed glaucoma. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro experiments are conducted to investigate the possible function of miR‐29s in RGC pathophysiology. It is showed that the overexpression of miR‐29b‐3p effectively prevents RGC degeneration in COH mice and promotes the neuronal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Interestingly, engineered sEVs with sufficient miR‐29b‐3p delivery exhibit more effective RGC protection and neuronal differentiation efficiency. Thus, elevated PDEV‐miR‐29s may imply systemic regulation to prevent RGC degeneration in glaucoma patients. This study provides new insights into PDEV‐based glaucoma diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective Geographic defect reconstruction in load‐bearing bones presents formidable challenges for orthopaedic surgeon. The use of 3D‐printed personalized implants presents a compelling opportunity to address this issue. This study aims to design, manufacture, and evaluate 3D‐printed personalized implants with irregular lattice porous structures for geographic defect reconstruction in load‐bearing bones, focusing on feasibility, osseointegration, and patient outcomes. Methods This retrospective study involved seven patients who received 3D‐printed personalized lattice implants for the reconstruction of geographic defects in load‐bearing bones. Personalized implants were customized for each patient. Randomized dodecahedron unit cells were incorporated within the implants to create the porous structure. The pore size and porosity were analyzed. Patient outcomes were assessed through a combination of clinical and radiological evaluations. Tomosynthesis‐Shimadzu metal artifact reduction technology (T‐SMART) was utilized to evaluate osseointegration. Functional outcomes were assessed according to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) 93 score. Results Multiple pore sizes were observed in porous structures of the implant, with a wide distribution range (approximately 300–900 um). The porosity analysis results showed that the average porosity of irregular porous structures was around 75.03%. The average follow‐up time was 38.4 months, ranging from 25 to 50 months. Postoperative X‐rays showed that the implants matched the geographic bone defect well. Osseointegration assessments according to T‐SMART images indicated a high degree of bone‐to‐implant contact, along with favorable bone density around the implants. Patient outcomes assessments revealed significant improvements in functional outcomes, with the average MSTS score of 27.3 (range, 26–29). There was no implant‐related complication, such as aseptic loosening or structure failure. Conclusion 3D‐printed personalized lattice implants offer an innovative and promising strategy for geographic defect reconstruction in load‐bearing bones. This approach has the potential to match the unique contours and geometry of the geographic bone defect and facilitate osteointegration.

Abstract Common federated learning (FL) lacks consideration of clients' personalized requirements, which performs poorly for the scenario with data and resource heterogeneity. In order to overcome the challenge of heterogeneous characteristics, this letter proposes a novel decentralized personalized federated learning (PFL) architecture that first utilizes a directed acyclic graph (DAG) blockchain technology to achieve PFL efficiently, which is called PFLDAG. Simulation results demonstrate that PFLDAG approximately improves accuracy by 80% compared with the classic Google FedAvg algorithm, and by 10% compared with IFCA cluster PFL which considers personalized requirements. In addition, the approach also substantially improves the convergence speed.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of perampanel (PER) monotherapy (MT) or add‐on therapy (AT) in Chinese children with epilepsy, as well as to evaluate the data from routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of PER for these pediatric patients. Methods This retrospective and observational study was carried out on children with epilepsy (n = 340) from 2020 to 2022 at the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Outcome measures were the responder rate (50% or greater seizure reduction), long‐term efficacy, and tolerability (number and types of adverse events) in MT and AT groups. Concentrations of plasma PER obtained from these patients, if available, were analyzed too. Results A total of 279 patients achieved at least 3 months of therapy, and 58.1% responded to PER therapy. 53 of the responders were seizure‐free (32.7%). The retention rate dropped from 88.0% at 3 months to 40.6% at 12 months after treatment. Patients with MT achieved better seizure control than those with AT (P < 0.001). Intriguingly, PER exerted a very weak effect on patients who took more than 2 ASMs or were diagnosed with drug‐resistant epilepsy. There were no significant differences in tolerability between the two groups. In addition, 179 patients were routinely monitored for PER, and the trough concentrations (C0) for these patients ranged from 30.0 to 992.0 ng/mL. However, no significant difference in C0 was observed between responders and nonresponders (333 ng/mL vs 325.5 ng/mL, P = 0.264). Significance This study provides effectiveness and safety data on Chinese children with epilepsy treated with PER either as MT or as AT. The efficacy of patients receiving MT was much better than cases administered with more than 2 ASMs or diagnosed with drug‐resistant epilepsy. In addition, no association was found between the plasma PER concentration and efficacy or safety. Plain Language Summary The study reports the effects of perampanel on seizures and adverse effects in Chinese patients with epilepsy younger than 18 years. Seizures decreased in 58.1% of patients (responders); in a third of these responders, seizures stopped. After treatment was started, 88% of patients were still on perampanel at 3 months and 40.6% at 12 months. People who were treated with perampanel only were more likely to respond than those who received perampanel and other antiseizure treatments, although perampanel was tolerated equally well in these groups. Plasma perampanel concentration did not predict seizure response or adverse effects.

Background Intercalary reconstruction for patients with short residual bone segments remains challenging. Three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed custom‐made porous implants are a promising technique for short‐segment fixation in these patients. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of 3D‐printed custom‐made porous components (3DCPCs) for short‐segment fixation, focusing on prosthesis survivorship, radiographic results, and potential complications. Methods This retrospective study involved 39 patients who underwent intercalary prosthetic reconstruction with 3DCPCs after tumor resection of the femur, tibia, or humerus from June 2015 to October 2020. Segment bone loss involved the femur (n = 15), tibia (n = 16), and humerus (n = 8), leaving 78 residual bone segments. There were 46 short segments requiring 46 3DCPCs and 32 segments with the ability to accommodate 32 off‐the‐shelf standard uncemented stems for prosthesis fixation. Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated. Prosthesis‐overall survivorship and prosthesis‐specific survivorship were analyzed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Radiographic results and modes of failure of using this technique were also examined. Results The mean follow‐up was 41 months. The prosthesis‐overall survivorship was 87.2% and 84.6% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. The prosthesis‐specific survivorship was 92.1% and 89.5% at 2 and 5 years, respectively. There was not a substantial difference in prosthesis survivorship among the femur, tibia, and humerus. The average MSTS score was 26.2, ranging from 22 to 28. The radiographic evaluation results revealed excellent or good interface (38/46) in most of the 46 porous components. A total of 38 of 46 bone segments’ remolding demonstrated no change. In total, seven patients (16.3%) had complications requiring further surgery. Conclusion The prosthesis survivorship of using 3DCPCs for short‐segment fixation is similar or better compared to other studies involving intercalary prosthetic reconstruction with short‐segment fixation. Radiographic evaluation revealed good osteointegration and avoidance of stress shielding. Overall, intercalary prosthetic reconstruction with 3DCPC is a feasible modality for patients with short residual bone segments after tumor resection.

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown that the red cell distribution width (RDW)/serum albumin ratio (RA) is an integrative and new inflammatory marker. RA is associated with clinical outcomes in a variety of diseases, but the clinical value of RDW/RA in the assessment of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has not been elucidated. We examined the link between diabetic RA and DKD while controlling for a wide variety of possible confounders. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES: 2009–2018) database from the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital and the Wenzhou Medical University (WMU) database was conducted. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess the association between RA and DKD. Results Overall, 4513 diabetic patients from the NHANES database (n = 2839) and the WMU (n = 1412) were included in this study; 974 patients were diagnosed with DKD in NHANES and 462 in WMU. In the NHANES cohort, diabetes mellitus (DM) patients with higher RA level had a higher risk of DKD (odds ratio = 1.461, 95% confidence interval: 1.250–1.707, p < 0.00001). After adjusting for confounders and propensity score‐matched (PSM) analysis, both shown RA levels were independently linked to DKD (pAdjust = 0.00994, pPSM = 0.02889). Similar results were also observed in the WMU cohort (p

Abstract Transformation optics (TO) provides a powerful tool to manipulate electromagnetic waves, enabling the design of invisibility cloaks, which can render objects invisible. Despite many years of research, however, invisibility cloaks experimentally realized thus far can only operate at a single frequency. The narrow bandwidth significantly restricts the practical applications of invisibility cloaks and other TO devices. Here, a general design strategy is proposed to realize a multiband anisotropic metamaterial characterized by two principal permittivity components, i.e., one infinite and the other spatially gradient. Through a proper transformation and combination of such metamaterials, an omnidirectional invisibility cloak is experimentally implemented, which is impedance‐matched to free space at multiple frequencies. Both far‐field numerical simulations and near‐field experimental mappings confirm that this cloak can successfully suppress scattering from multiple large‐scale objects simultaneously at 5 and 10 GHz. The design strategy and corresponding practical realization bring multiband transformation optical devices one step closer to reality.

Abstract The engineering of ferroic orders, which involves the evolution of atomic structure and local ferroic configuration in the development of next‐generation electronic devices. Until now, diverse polarization structures and topological domains are obtained in ferroelectric thin films or heterostructures, and the polarization switching and subsequent domain nucleation are found to be more conducive to building energy‐efficient and multifunctional polarization structures. In this work, a continuous and periodic strain in a flexible freestanding BaTiO3 membrane to achieve a zigzag morphology is introduced. The polar head/tail boundaries and vortex/anti‐vortex domains are constructed by a compressive strain as low as ≈0.5%, which is extremely lower than that used in epitaxial rigid ferroelectrics. Overall, this study c efficient polarization structures, which is of both theoretical value and practical significance for the development of next‐generation flexible multifunctional devices.

Abstract Few studies have reported the timing and amount of gestational weight gain (GWG) to prevent large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) or small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA). This study aimed to evaluate the association of GWG velocity in each trimester with LGA or SGA based on data from the Taicang and Wuqiang cohort study (TAWS, n = 2008). We used a linear mixed model to evaluate the association of trimester‐specific GWG velocity with birthweight categories and stratified by prepregnancy body mass index category and parity. For normal‐weight pregnant women, mothers with LGA births had higher GWG velocities than mothers with appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) births in the first trimester (0.108 vs. 0.031 kg/week, p

Abstract Although MXene has attracted great interest in diverse fields, it is susceptible to oxidation in water (H2O) with transition metal ions such as Co2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+, which is pronounced at high temperatures. This impedes the preparation of MXene‐based composites and their functional applications. Here, this study revealed that Co2+ increases the maximum and average atomic charge of H in H2O to improve the reactivity of H2O, which leads to the fact that Co2+ catalyzes the oxidation of Ti3C2Tx MXene. Furthermore, the addition of N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF) reduces the H2O activity and improves the oxidation stability of Ti3C2Tx in the presence of Co2+ via preferentially forming coordination bonds with Co2+. This strategy is also effective in enhancing the oxidation tolerance of Ti3C2Tx to Fe2+ in H2O. Moreover, it is feasible to enhance the oxidation stability of Ti2CTx MXene in H2O with the existence of Co2+. By virtue of these, the CoO/Ti3C2Tx composite was successfully prepared without obvious Ti3C2Tx oxidation, which is desirable to harness the advantages of Ti3C2Tx as the complementary component for lithium‐ion batteries. This work provides a straightforward paradigm to enhance the oxidation resistance of MXene in H2O in the presence of transition metal ions and at high temperatures, which opens a new vista to use MXene for target applications.

Abstract Background En‐Bloc transurethral resection of bladder tumor (ERBT) was clinically used to resect non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, discrepancies persist regarding the comparisons between ERBT and conventional transurethral resection of bladder tumor (cTURBT). Methods We conducted a comprehensive search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and performed manual searches of reference lists to collect and extract data. Data evaluation was carried out using Review Manager 5.4.0, Rx64 4.1.3, and relevant packages. Results There were nine eligible meta‐analyses and nine eligible RCTs in our study. NMIBC patients undergoing ERBT were significant associated with a lower rate of bladder perforation and obturator nerve reflex compared to those receiving cTURBT. Our pooled result indicated that ERBT and cTURBT required similar operation time. Regarding postoperative outcomes, ERBT demonstrated superior performance compared to cTURBT in terms of detrusor muscle presence, catheterization time, and residual tumor. ERBT exhibited a higher rate of three‐month recurrence‐free survival (RFS) compared to those receiving cTURBT (p

Abstract Earthworms, long utilized in traditional medicine, serve as a source of inspiration for modern therapeutics. Lysenin, a defensive factor in the coelom fluid of the earthworm Eisenia fetida, has multiple bioactivities. However, the inherent toxicity of Lysenin as a pore‐forming protein (PFP) restricts its application in therapy. Here, a gene therapy strategy based on Lysenin for cancer treatment is presented. The formulation consists of polymeric nanoparticles complexed with the plasmid encoding Lysenin. After transfection in vitro, melanoma cells can express Lysenin, resulting in necrosis, autophagy, and immunogenic cell death. The secretory signal peptide alters the intracellular distribution of the expressed product of Lysenin, thereby potentiating its anticancer efficacy. The intratumor injection of Lysenin gene formulation can efficiently kill the transfected melanoma cells and activate the antitumor immune response. Notably, no obvious systemic toxicity is observed during the treatment. Non‐viral gene therapy based on Lysenin derived from Eisenia foetida exhibits potential in cancer therapy, which can inspire future cancer therapeutics.

Abstract Background Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) often progresses to active tuberculosis, necessitating the development of novel vaccine to prevent LTBI. In this study, we aimed to design a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) vaccine that could elicit a potent immune response to prevent LTBI. Methods We used bioinformatics and immunoinformatics techniques to develop a multi‐epitope vaccine (MEV) called C624P. The vaccine contained six cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), two helper T lymphocytes (HTL), and four B‐cell epitopes derived from six antigens associated with LTBI and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis region of difference. We added Toll‐like receptor (TLR) agonists and PADRE peptide to the MEV to enhance its immunogenicity. We then analyzed the C624P vaccine's physical and chemical properties, spatial structure, molecular docking with TLRs, and immunological features. Results The C624P vaccine displayed good antigenicity and immunogenicity scores of 0.901398 and 3.65609, respectively. The vaccine structure was stable, with 42.82% α‐helix content, a Z‐value of −7.84, and a favored Ramachandran plot area of 85.84% after majorization. Molecular docking analysis showed that the C624P vaccine could bind tightly to TLR2 (−1011.0 kcal/mol) and TLR4 (−941.4 kcal/mol). Furthermore, the C624P vaccine effectively stimulated T and B lymphocytes, resulting in high levels of Th1 cytokines such as IFN‐γ and IL‐2. Conclusions The C624P vaccine represents a promising MEV for preventing LTBI. The vaccine's good antigenicity, immunogenicity, stability, and ability to activate immune responses suggest its effectiveness in preventing LTBI. Our study demonstrated the utility of bioinformatics and immunoinformatics techniques in designing safe and effective tuberculosis vaccines.

Abstract This paper summarizes key features of the dose‐finding strategies used in the development of 11 approved new molecular entities that are first‐in‐class enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), with a goal to gain insight into the dose exploration approaches to inform efficient dose‐finding in future development of biological products for Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM). Dose exploration should preferably begin in in vitro studies, followed by testing multiple doses in an appropriate animal disease model, when available, which can provide important information for dose assessment in humans. Performing adequate dose‐finding in early phase clinical studies in a well‐defined study population, including pediatric subjects, is generally critical to inform dose selection for pivotal trials; alternatively, additional dose exploration can be incorporated as part of a pivotal trial. Two important considerations for successful dose selection include (1) identifying appropriate disease‐specific endpoints, including pharmacodynamic (PD) end points and intermediate clinical end points or clinical end points, and (2) designing a study with adequate treatment durations for evaluating these end points. Appropriately selected PD biomarkers is useful for dose selection, and early development of these biomarkers can facilitate the overall clinical development program. Optimization of ERT doses, as well as evaluations of patient intrinsic factors and/or immune tolerance strategies may be necessary to overcome antibody responses or increase efficacy in IEM.

Background Aseptic loosening is considered to be a rather uncommon complication in proximal humerus endoprosthetic replacement (PHER). However, patients with aseptic loosening often suffer severe bone loss, which poses a great challenge in following revision. Under this situation, a standard stemmed endoprosthesis is unavailable for revision limb salvage. Computer‐aided design and 3D‐printed personalized implants are an emerging solution for reconstructing complex bone defects. Case Presentation Here, we present a 67‐year‐old male who underwent PHER after tumor resection and developed aseptic loosening with severe periprosthetic osteolysis around the stem. Computer‐aided design and 3D‐printed personalized stem‐plate composite was used for the precision revision of this patient. During the follow‐up, encouraging results were observed, with good endoprosthetic stability and satisfactory limb function. Conclusion Computer‐aid design and 3D‐printed personalized stem‐plate composite used in the present case could help to achieve good endoprosthetic stability and satisfactory limb function. This 3D‐printed personalized stem‐plate composite seems to be an effective method for the precise revision of PHER in patients with severe periprosthetic osteolysis. In addition, it also provides a novel method for similar revision surgery of other joints or primary endoprosthetic replacement with severe bone defects.

Abstract Radical difunctionalization of aliphatic alkynes provides direct access to valuable multi‐substituted alkenes, but achieving a high level of chemo‐ and stereo‐control remains a formidable challenge. Herein a novel photoredox neutral alkyne di‐functionalization is reported through functional group migration followed by a radical‐polar crossover and energy transfer‐enabled stereoconvergent isomerization of alkenes. In this sequence, a hydroxyalkyl and an aryl group are incorporated concomitantly into an alkyne, leading to diversely functionalized E‐allyl alcohols. The scope of alkynes is noteworthy, and the reaction tolerates aliphatic alkynes containing hydrogen donating C─H bonds that are prone to intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer. The protocol features broad functional group compatibility, high product diversity, and exclusive chemo‐ and stereoselectivity, thus providing a practical strategy for the elusive radical di‐functionalization of unactivated alkynes.

Abstract Macrophage therapy for liver fibrosis is on the cusp of meaningful clinical utility. Due to the heterogeneities of macrophages, it is urgent to develop safer macrophages with a more stable and defined phenotype for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Herein, a new macrophage‐based immunotherapy using macrophages stably expressing a pivotal cytokine from Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that infects ≈ 2 billion people is developed. It is found that Toxoplasma gondii macrophage migration inhibitory factor‐transgenic macrophage (Mφtgmif) shows stable fibrinolysis and strong chemotactic capacity. Mφtgmif effectively ameliorates liver fibrosis and deactivates aHSCs by recruiting Ly6Chi macrophages via paracrine CCL2 and polarizing them into the restorative Ly6Clo macrophage through the secretion of CX3CL1. Remarkably, Mφtgmif exhibits even higher chemotactic potential, lower grade of inflammation, and better therapeutic effects than LPS/IFN‐γ‐treated macrophages, making macrophage‐based immune therapy more efficient and safer. Mechanistically, TgMIF promotes CCL2 expression by activating the ERK/HMGB1/NF‐κB pathway, and this event is associated with recruiting endogenous macrophages into the fibrosis liver. The findings do not merely identify viable immunotherapy for liver fibrosis but also suggest a therapeutic strategy based on the evolutionarily designed immunomodulator to treat human diseases by modifying the immune microenvironment.

Abstract Background Surgical resection remains the primary treatment option for gallbladder carcinoma (GBC). However, there is a pressing demand for prognostic tools that can refine patients' treatment choices and tailor personalized therapies accordingly. Aims The nomograms were constructed using the data of a training cohort (n = 378) of GBC patients at Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital (EHBH) between 2008 and 2018. The model's performance was validated in GBC patients (n = 108) at Guangzhou Centre from 2007 to 2018. Methods and results The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate in the training cohort was 24.4%. Multivariate analyses were performed using preoperative and postoperative data to identify independent predictors of OS. These predictors were then incorporated into preoperative and postoperative nomograms, respectively. The C‐index of the preoperative nomogram was 0.661 (95% CI, 0.627 to 0.694) for OS prediction and correctly delineated four subgroups (5‐year OS rates: 48.1%, 19.0%, 15.6%, and 8.1%, p

Abstract Objective To investigate the risk factors for gastrointestinal perforation in metastatic colorectal cancer patients receiving bevacizumab. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 217 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer receiving bevacizumab to investigate the risk factors for gastrointestinal perforation. Three patients occurred intestinal perforation after receiving bevacizumab. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of three patients with intestinal perforation. Results All patients receiving bevacizumab. Three of 217 patients occurred intestinal perforation after receiving bevacizumab. Patient no. 1 was 70 years old, female, having history of intestinal obstruction. The patient occurred intestinal perforation and ultimately died after receiving bevacizumab. Patient no. 2 was 59 years old, female, having history of intestinal obstruction. The patient occurred intestinal perforation after receiving bevacizumab, and recovered smoothly after symptomatic treatment. Patient no. 3 was 60 years old, female, having history of intestinal obstruction. The patient occurred intestinal perforation and ultimately died after receiving bevacizumab. Conclusions Patients with advanced colorectal cancer receiving bevacizumab are at risk of gastrointestinal perforation. The patient's age, gender and history of bowel obstruction may be associated with gastrointestinal perforation.

Abstract The association of various air pollutants exposure during adolescence with blood pressure (BP) in young adulthood is uncertain. We intended to evaluate the long‐term association of individual and joint air pollutants exposure during adolescence with BP in young adulthood. This cross‐sectional study of incoming students was conducted in five geographically disperse universities in China during September and October 2018. Mean concentrations of particulate matter with diameters ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), ≤10 μm (PM10), nitrogen dioxides (NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ozone (O3) at participants’ residential addresses during 2013–2018 were collected from the Chinese Air Quality Reanalysis dataset. Generalized linear mixed models (GLM) and quantile g‐computation (QgC) models were utilized to estimate the association between individual and joint air pollutants exposure and systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure (PP). A total of 16,242 participants were included in the analysis. The GLM analyses showed that PM2.5, PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 were significantly positively associated with SBP and PP, while O3 was positively associated with DBP. The QgC analyses indicated that long‐term exposure to a mixture of the six air pollutants had a significant positive joint association with SBP and PP. In conclusion, air pollutant co‐exposure during adolescence may influence BP in young adulthood. The findings of this study emphasized the impacts of multiple air pollutants interactions on potential health and the need of minimizing pollution exposures in the environment.

Abstract Background Osimertinib is the first‐line treatment for patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, but the treatment options after drug resistance are limited. Previous studies have suggested that EGFR is in an immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). However, the evolution of TIME after osimertinib resistance and whether this resistance can be overcome by targeting TIME needs to be further investigated. Methods The remodeling process and mechanism of TIME during the treatment with osimertinib were studied. Results The proportion of EGFRL858R+T790M mutant tumor immune infiltrating cells was extremely low. Osimertinib treatment transiently triggered inflammatory cells, but several immunosuppressive cells infiltrated after drug resistance and formed a myeloid‐derived suppressor cell (MDSC)‐enriched TIME. The programmed cell death protein‐1 monoclonal antibody was not able to reverse the MDSC‐enriched TIME. Further analysis revealed that the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways recruited a large number of MDSCs via cytokines. Finally, MDSC secreted high levels of interleukin‐10 and arginase‐1 and created an immunosuppressive TIME. Conclusions Thus, our findings lay the foundation for the evolution of TIME in osimertinib treatment, establish the mechanism of immunosuppressive TIME after osimertinib resistance, and propose potential solutions.

Abstract Background The prognosis of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and brain metastases (BM) was poor. This study aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of anlotinib as third‐line or above treatment in SCLC with BM. Methods This was a subgroup analysis of the ALTER1202 trial, which was a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial aimed to evaluate the role of anlotinib as third‐line treatment or above in patients with SCLC. This study included patients with BM at baseline. The efficacy and safety outcomes included progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), central nervous system (CNS), objective response rate (ORR), CNS disease control rate (DCR), time to CNS progression, and adverse events (AEs). Results Twenty‐one and nine patients with BM were included in the anlotinib and placebo groups, respectively. The median PFS and OS were 3.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.8–6.1) and 6.1 months (95% CI: 4.1–8.0) in the anlotinib group. Anlotinib was associated with a significant improvement in PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04–0.51, p = 0.0005) and OS (HR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09–0.73, p = 0.0061) than placebo. Anlotinib significantly prolonged the time to CNS progression (p

Abstract Objective The drug‐refractory epilepsy (DRE) in children is commonly observed but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We examined whether fatty acids (FAs) and lipids are potentially associated with the pharmacoresistance to valproic acid (VPA) therapy. Methods This single‐center, retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from pediatric patients collected between May 2019 and December 2019 at the Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University. Ninety plasma samples from 53 responders with VPA monotherapy (RE group) and 37 non‐responders with VPA polytherapy (NR group) were collected. Non‐targeted metabolomics and lipidomics analysis for those plasma samples were performed to compare the potential differences of small metabolites and lipids between the two groups. Plasma metabolites and lipids passing the threshold of variable importance in projection value >1, fold change >1.2 or

Abstract A W‐band dual‐beam low side‐lobe level antenna with a shared slotted waveguide radiating layer was designed by the authors. The proposed antenna consists of a symmetrical dual ports feed network layer located on two sides of the antenna, a novel shared symmetrical 4 × 32 slotted waveguide array radiation layer, and a bottom layer. The compact slot distance was adjusted to achieve deflection of the radiation pattern and reduce the radiation grating lobes. Good antenna radiation efficiency and port isolation were obtained by optimising the position of the slots at the radiation layer. A low side‐lobe level (SLL) was obtained using Taylor distribution was used in the design of the offset of each slot. The optimised antenna was fabricated and measured. Based on measurement results, the designed antenna has a 24.8 dBi far‐field gain, −17/–25.5 dB E/H plane side lobe level, and 19.8° beam deflection at 94 GHz. The performances of the two ports were in good agreement with each other, and the measured isolation was above 14.5 dB at 94 GHz.

Abstract Background Sauchinone is extracted from the root of Saururus chinensis and exhibits potent antitumor effects in various human cancers. However, how sauchinone is involved in breast cancer has not been well studied. Methods Cells apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cycle distribution were evaluated. Xenograft tumor mouse model was constructed to investigate the roles of sauchinone. The relevant protein expression was detected by western blot. Results We found that sauchinone significantly reduced proliferation and survival, also induced apoptosis of MCF‐7 and Bcap‐37 cells in vitro. Sauchinone significantly increased miR‐148a‐3p expression, and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)‐2 targeted on miR‐148a‐3p. Sauchinone exposure downregulated HER‐2 expression whose overexpression partly eliminated the inhibitory effect of sauchinone. Further, sauchinone efficiently inhibited breast cancer progression through downregulating HER‐2 expression in vivo. Conclusion Our results indicate that sauchinone efficiently inhibits breast cancer progression through regulating miR‐148a‐3p/HER‐2 axis, suggesting that sauchinone could be an effective anticancer agent for breast cancer.

Bike-sharing has a significant impact on commuters’ rational planning of their travel times, which can lead to an advance or delay in the peak passenger flow of the subway system during the morning peak. To explore the impact of bike-sharing on subway commuters’ choices of departure times, we developed a departure time choice model considering the effect of bike-sharing. This model considers both constant and linear marginal-activity utility and compares it with traditional departure time choice models. Research indicates that within the timeframe that ensures on-time arrival at work, models not accounting for bike-sharing services underestimate both the departure rate and the total number of commuters compared to actual figures. Specifically, under the constant marginal-activity utility, about 6.76% of commuters actually choose to depart earlier, while under the linear marginal-activity utility, this figure is 6.91%. Conversely, during the departure timeframes that lead to late arrival at work, the traditional model overestimates both the departure rate and total number of commuters. Finally, through case analysis, we further revealed the dynamic relationship between commuter departure rates, commuting fatigue, and number of bike-sharing and calculated the actual commuting costs for different proportions of bike-sharing. The results indicate that when the number of bike-sharing reaches 30% of the commuting demand, it can maximally reduce the commuting costs for commuters by approximately 23.32%. These findings offer a crucial basis for optimizing management strategies for morning peak subway commuting.

Abstract Introduction Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a key factor of the pathogenesis of post‐stroke depression (PSD). PSD is associated with increased hippocampal neuronal apoptosis and decreased synaptic connectivity. Inulin can be involved in hippocampal neuron protection through the microbiome–gut–brain axis. However, the neuroprotective effects of inulin in PSD are still to be further investigated. Methods By utilizing the GEO public database, we identify differentially expressed genes in the hippocampus following inulin intake. This can help us discover key signaling pathways through functional enrichment analysis. Furthermore, we validate the expression levels of signaling molecules in a rat model of PSD and examine the effects of inulin on behavioral changes and body weight. Additionally, conducting a microbiome analysis to identify significantly different microbial populations and perform correlation analysis. Results The intake of inulin significantly up‐regulated mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Inulin changed in the gut microbiota structure, leading to an increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in the intestines of PSD rats, while decreasing the abundance of Ruminococcus UCG_005, Prevotella_9, Oscillospiraceae, and Clostridia UCG_014. Furthermore, the inulin diet elevated levels of insulin‐like growth factor 1 in the serum, which showed a positive correlation with the abundance of Lactobacillus. Notably, the consumption of inulin‐enriched diet increased activity levels and preference for sugar water in PSD rats, while also reducing body weight. Conclusion These findings highlight the potential therapeutic benefits of inulin in the management of depression and emphasize the importance of maintaining a healthy gut microbiota for PSD.

Stock ranking prediction is an effective method for achieving a high investment return and plays a crucial role in investment decisions. However, previous studies have overlooked the interconnections among stocks or have solely relied on predefined graphs for stock relationship information. The predefined graphs may not capture all possible relationships and may not be suitable for describing dynamic relationships. To address these issues, we propose a Static-Dynamic hypergraph neural network framework based on Residual Learning (SD-RL). Compared with traditional methods, SD-RL has the following advantages. (1) Stocks are no longer treated as isolated entities; instead, their static and dynamic relationship information is taken into account. (2) Leveraging the data-driven methodology, SD-RL autonomously learns both the static graph and dynamic hypergraph through dedicated graph learning and hypergraph learning modules, respectively. (3) By employing residual learning, various latent relationship information flows are mined, which enhances the stock embedding’s capacity to capture trends. Extensive experiments on the real data verify the effectiveness of our proposed methods.

Abstract To meet the requirements of power grid operation control, constructing an extensive sensor network in the power grid is a future development trend. However, due to the high cost, the difficulty of continuous power supply for a long time, the large amount of energy consumption, and the environmental problems caused by abandoned batteries, the traditional power supply mode based on batteries for sensors is inconsistent with China's goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It cannot meet the needs of the future grid. Therefore, it is significant to solve the energy supply problem of numerous sensors to promote the construction of new power grid and improve the utilization rate of renewable energy. As an emerging energy harvesting device, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are suitable for developing self‐powered sensors and powering low‐power sensors due to their mall size, high efficiency, low cost, and environmental friendliness. At the same time, due to the abundant, stable, and widely distributed magnetic field around the equipment in the grid, it can provide continuous excitation for the TENG. Therefore, applying magnetic field energy‐harvesting TENG in the future power grid has a broad development prospect. This paper analyzes the development trend and the crucial problems facing the power grid in the future. We review the research and application of TENG based on the magnetic field in recent years and explain the mechanism of TENG in detail. Finally, the application prospect of TENG in the future power grid has been prospected. This paper can provide a reference for applying magnetic field energy harvesting triboelectric nanogenerators in future power grids.

Abstract Stage III non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) encompasses a group of diseases with high heterogeneity. Such patients should actively receive comprehensive treatments. It is imperative for all stage III NSCLC patients to receive consultation with a multiple disciplinary team, which allows the development of a proposal for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In this consensus, stage III NSCLC is divided into two types (operable and inoperable) according to different clinical conditions. Resectable NSCLC is further subdivided into two conditions (with or without driver genes). For each clinical scenario, this consensus emphasizes that the foundation of any medical decisions regarding the optimal diagnostic or therapy procedure is scientific evidence from clinical research. Finally, based on the level of evidence and strength of recommendations, this consensus provides recommendations for the management of stage III NSCLC from six perspectives. The objective of this consensus is to help clinicians choose the best treatment and promote the standardization of stage III NSCLC diagnosis and treatment in China.

Abstract Spectrum resources are becoming harder to come by for wireless communications. The spectrum environment map (SEM), which depicts the electromagnetic environment's current state and future trend, is a valuable technique for managing and allocating spectrum resources. Most SEM construction approaches only take static SEMs into account and cannot forecast time‐domain changes and trends of SEMs in dynamic scenes. In this paper, a brand‐new temporal SEM prediction method for the high dynamic spectrum environment is proposed. This method is based on knowledge of radiation source and the optical flow driven by propagation channel models. First, a novel radiation source localization strategy is designed to obtain the radiation source movement information. Then, the optical flow field of the available SEMs is combined with the information regarding radiation source movement. In order to forecast future SEMs, a propagation model driven reconstruction technique is developed. Simulation findings demonstrate how well the suggested strategy is tailored to capture the spatiotemporal correlation of SEMs. This technique performs better than the state‐of‐the‐art in terms of single‐ and multiple‐step SEM predictions.