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High-coherence visible and near-visible laser sources are centrally important to the operation of advanced position/navigation/timing systems as well as classical/quantum sensing systems. However, the complexity and size of these bench-top lasers are an impediment to their transition beyond the laboratory. Here, a system-on-chip that emits high-coherence near-visible lightwaves is demonstrated. The devices rely upon a new approach wherein wavelength conversion and coherence increase by self-injection locking are combined within a single nonlinear resonator. This simplified approach is demonstrated in a hybridly-integrated device and provides a short-term linewidth of around 4.7 kHz (10 kHz before filtering). On-chip converted optical power over 2 mW is also obtained. Moreover, measurements show that heterogeneous integration can result in a conversion efficiency higher than 25% with an output power over 11 mW. Because the approach uses mature III–V pump lasers in combination with thin-film lithium niobate, it can be scaled for low-cost manufacturing of high-coherence visible emitters. Also, the coherence generation process can be transferred to other frequency conversion processes, including optical parametric oscillation, sum/difference frequency generation, and third-harmonic generation.