Search

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) plays a large part in maintaining and improving the quality of life (QOL) of postmenopausal women. Despite this obvious role, the use of HRT has stagnated in Japan as well as the United States, since the interim report of the HRT trial of Women's Health Initiative study was published in 2002. The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Japan Society for Menopause and Women's Health formulated the Guidelines for Hormone Replacement Therapy in 2009, which was subsequently revised in 2012, with the aim of organizing perceptions about HRT and allowing people to provide or receive HRT with a sense of security. Later on, in light of changes in indications for HRT and attitudes toward its impact on cancer risks, amendments were made again in 2017. With the establishment of the 2017 guidelines, practitioners in Japan are able to address various issues related to HRT with more appropriate judgment. Moreover, the practice of reliable, safe and effective HRT is expected to promote further efforts toward improvement or maintenance of QOL in patients.

To improve women's quality of life, the activity of the Women's Health Care Committee over a year up to July 2017 focused upon: (i) breast management; (ii) the influence of gynecological disease therapy on physical condition; (iii) non-surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse; (iv) survey of infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology in Japan; (v) health care for female athletes; (vi) a training program for women's health care advisors; (vii) revising the Japanese guidelines on hormone replacement therapy; and (viii) revising the 2016 Japanese guidelines for the proper use of emergency contraceptives. The detailed activity of the eight subcommittees is described herein. This report is based on the Japanese version of our annual report (Acta Obst Gynaec Jpn 2017;69(6):1480-1491), to publicize the activities of our committee.

Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) is a hereditary tumor that can be definitively diagnosed by detection of germline mutation of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene. The HBOC Public Awareness and Management Sub-committee of the Tumor Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology carried out a fact-finding survey on the status of treatment of HBOC in Japan. The directors of medical specialty teaching facilities were notified of the questionnaire by post, with the request for one respondent per facility. The response period was from 8 July 2014 to 31 March 2015. Of the 678 facilities that were asked to compete the questionnaire, 341 (50.3%) responded. The responses are shown in the respective tables. For questions with free responses, similar answers have been grouped together, and the written answers have been freely translated. Based on these results, the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology considers that the 14 conditions, including consultations by specialist staff, must be met before risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy is carried out.

Aim We hypothesized that feeling mucosal dryness in one body region and the skin may be associated with dryness in other regions and that there are common background factors for dryness. In an earlier web-based survey, we reported prevalence figures of dry eyes, nose, mouth, skin, and vagina. In the present study, additional analyses were made to investigate the factors associated with dryness in each region, and simultaneous dryness in multiple regions. Methods A web-based questionnaire was completed by 310 Japanese women. The questions included dryness of the eyes, nose, mouth, vagina, and skin. Menopausal and other symptoms were also addressed. Multiple logistic regression modeling was performed to identify factors associated with dryness in each region and in multiple dry regions. Results Dry eyes were associated with dryness in the nose and with headache; dry nose was associated with dryness in the vagina and eyes; dry mouth was associated with sticky mouth symptom and dryness of the nose; dry skin was associated with use of xerogenic medications and vaginal discharge; and dryness of the vagina was associated with vaginal itchiness and dry nose. Vaginal discharge (odds ratio, 9.64; 95% confidence interval, 3.15–29.51) and sticky mouth (odds ratio, 6.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.29–31.29) were further associated with dryness in multiple regions. Conclusion The present results confirmed our study hypothesis by showing that dryness in one region was clearly associated with that in another or in multiple regions. The result implies the need for holistic diagnosis and counseling for patients with dryness complaints.

In order to improve women's quality of life, over the year leading up to June 2016, the Women's Health Care Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology focused upon: (i) breast management; (ii) influence of a therapy for gynecologic disease on physical condition; (iii) nonsurgical management of pelvic organ prolapse; (iv) survey of infectious diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology in Japan; (v) health care for female athletes; (vi) a training program for women's health-care advisers; and (vii) revising the Japanese guideline on hormone-replacement therapy. In order to publicize the activities of our committee widely, the detailed activities of the seven subcommittees are described in this report, which is based on the Japanese version of the annual report (Acta Obst Gynaec Jpn 2016; 68 (6): 1404–1416).

The activity of the Women's Health Care Committee over a two year period up to June 2015 focused upon: (i) management of breast diseases in obstetrics and gynecology; (ii) investigation of lifestyle-related disease and bone mineral density after gynecologic cancer therapy; (iii) postoperative women's health care; (iv) current surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse among gynecologists in Japan; (v) cesarean indication for pregnant women with active/inactive genital viral lesions; (vi) health care of young female athletes concerned about menstrual cycle abnormalities, stress fractures and premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder; (vii) a training program for women's health care advisers; and (viii) a new edition of the oral contraceptive and low-dose estrogen-progestogen guideline. Detailed activities of the eight subcommittees are described in the text.

Ovaries are the primary sites of cancerous disease that is derived from endometriosis. Uterine cancer originating from endometriosis is very rare. The most frequent histological subtype of cancer derived from endometriosis is endometrioid adenocarcinoma, a subtype of clear cell carcinoma which is exceedingly rare. We report a case of a 40-year-old Japanese woman with a six year history of uterine leiomyoma. The patient was clinically and radiologically suspected to have degenerative uterine myoma with a possible malignant association and underwent a transabdominal total hysterectomy. Histopathological examination of the specimens revealed clear cell adenocarcinoma arising from the adenomyotic cyst. A literature review of clear cell adenocarcinomas arising from uterine adenomyotic cysts (cystic adenomyosis), emphasizes the clinically and radiologically important features of this very rare entity. Clear cell carcinoma association should be suspected in patients who are under follow-up for uterine myomas and present with cystic uterine changes with solid component on magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scans.

Monomethylarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine and symmetric dimethylarginine were separated on a Wakopak Combi ODS with an acetonitrile–100 mm potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0; 1:1, v/v). Dimethylarginines were derived from o-phthalaldehyde for the fluorescence detector and from 6-ferrocenyl-1-hexanethiol for the electrochemical detector. The detection limits of the dimethylarginines in spiked plasma were 0.3–0.5 pmol by electrochemical detection and 1–2 pmol by fluorescence detection. The detection limits were improved over 30 times by electrochemical detection and 10 times by fluorescence detection compared with previous reports. In previous derivatization liquid chromatography, the reaction solutions, o-phthalaldehyde, 2-mercaptethanol and dimethylarginines were unstable and required quick derivatization at 4°C. By our proposed pre-column methods, the dimethylarginines were derivatized at room temperature and the fluorescent products were stable for 6 h. The manipulation performance was greatly advanced compared with previous LC reports. This is the first report on stable and sensitive dimethylarginines by dual detection. The selectivity was also improved by dual detection. The proposed method was applied to preliminary monitoring of dimethylargines in plasma and urine. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Epithelioid sarcoma of the vulva is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor. This tumor most commonly occurs on the labia majora in women of reproductive age. The molecular pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Only 20 cases of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma have been reported to date and more than half have had poor outcomes. We report a successfully treated case of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma in a 33-year-old woman. We performed a radical vulvectomy with flap reconstruction. Three years after surgery, the patient remains well, showing no evidence of recurrence. Early tissue diagnosis of vulvar epithelioid sarcoma is essential because this tumor can be clinically misdiagnosed as a benign lesion. Gynecologists should be aware of this rare tumor variant and carefully plan the treatment.

Improvement of the sensitivity and specificity of a simultaneous stress-free screening method for catechol estrogens as a potential prostate cancer marker in urine has been accomplished by HPLC with a diamond-electrode electrochemical detector and a fluorescence detector. Since taking urine samples generates less stress (or pain) than the drawing of blood, the method can readily be applied to almost any patient, and will also assist in improving the sensitivity and specificity of the prostatic specific antigen test. Catechol estrogens (2-hydroxyestrone, 4-hydroxyestrone, 2-methoxyestrone, 2-hydroxyestradiol, 4-hydroxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestradiol, and 2-hydroxyestriol) and estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol) were separated on an Inertsil ODS-II column with acetonitrile-potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.0). The diamond-electrode electrochemical detector used had the great advantage of being a maintenance-free system, and could sequentially analyze hundreds of samples. Fluorescence detection improved the sensitivity 10-500 times (e. g., the LOD of 2-hydroxyestriol was improved 250 times) compared to previous electrochemical detection reports, and dual detection improved peak identification in the urine samples. The proposed method was applied to the simultaneous determination of catechol estrogens in spiked urine in a preliminary study on estrogens and PSA values in biopsy and prostate cancer patients.

Background Patients with malignancy (n = 130) participated in the sperm cryopreservation program.

Aim: Psychosocial elements are often found in the background of patients with menopausal disorders, and counseling based on these elements is essential for effective treatment. In the study presented here an attempt was made to extract psychosocial factors from Japanese cases of menopausal disorders in which the patients exhibited the impact of psychiatric elements and required counseling. Methods: A total of 97 cases in which the patients received counseling for the treatment of undefined complaints at our menopause clinic were analyzed. During counseling the patients were interviewed in regard to psychosocial factors and underwent psychological tests. Results: About half of them were found to have experienced various interpersonal problems as well as health-related problems. The frequency of problems such as empty nest syndrome and loss of relatives or friends was relatively low. Work-related anxiety or hardships of life were frequent among the premenopausal patients, while concern about aging was often noted in their postmenopausal counterparts. The incidence of empty nest syndrome was high among the ovariectomized women, but worry about aging was frequently reported by those undergoing natural menopause. Conclusion: This preliminary study revealed that problems related to families and the patient's health account for a large part of the psychosocial factors affecting the development of menopausal disorders in Japan. Incorporating these findings into counseling will make outpatient clinics services more acceptable to such patients.