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Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety between high-power short-duration (HPSD) radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and conventional RFA in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF)., Methods: Studies comparing HPSD and traditional applications in patients undergoing initial catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation from inception through December 2021 were searched on Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane, and Clinicaltrials.gov., Results: The meta-analysis included seventeen studies with a total of 4934 patients. HPSD group decreased procedure duration (mean difference (MD) -38.28 min, P < 0.001), RF duration (MD -20.51 min, P < 0.001), fluoroscopy duration (MD -5.19 min, P < 0.001), and acute pulmonary vein reconnection (Odds ratio (OR) 0.40, P < 0.001), while improving the freedom from atrial arrhythmia at one year (OR 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.94, P =0.005) and rates of first-pass isolation (OR 8.92, P =0.001). Compared with the conventional group, freedom from atrial arrhythmia at one-year follow-up was higher in the HPSD group without the guidance of AI/LSI (OR 1.66, P =0.01) and studies with a power setting of 40-50 W (OR 1.93, P =0.002). Nevertheless, the two groups had similar effectiveness with a power setting of 50 W in the HPSD RFA (OR 1.10, P =0.52). There was no difference in complications between the two groups ( P =0.71)., Conclusion: HPSD RFA was associated with shorter procedure duration, higher freedom from atrial arrhythmia, and comparable safety compared to conventional RFA., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Shuyu Jin et al.)