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The NanoCulture Plate (NCP) is a novel microstructural plate designed as a base for the three-dimensional culture of cells/tissues. This study examined whether or not the metabolic capability of human primary hepatocytes is well maintained during culture on NCPs. The hepatocytes formed aggregates after seeding and their ATP content was well maintained during culture for 21 days. Expression of CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1 and 3A4 mRNAs was detected throughout the 21-day culture period. Addition of CYP substrate drugs (midazolam, diclofenac, lamotrigine and acetaminophen) resulted in the formation of multiple metabolites with a corresponding decrease in the amounts of the unchanged compounds. The inducers omeprazole, phenobarbital and rifampicin increased the levels of CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 mRNAs by 110-fold, 12.5-fold and 5.4-fold, respectively, at day 2, compared with control human hepatocytes. CYP activities were also increased at 2 days after inducer treatment (CYP1A2, 2.2-fold; CYP2B6, 20.6-fold; CYP3A4, 3.3-fold). The results indicate that the hepatocyte spheroids on NCP have detectable and inducible metabolic abilities during the 7-day culture period.

(+)- and (−)-Neopyrrolomycins have been synthesized from 3,5-dichlorophenol through regioselective halogenations and optical resolution.

The first total synthesis of (+)- and (−)-neopyrrolomycins (11a and 11b) is detailed based on regioselective chlorinations of 3,5-dichloroanisole (2) and 1-(2,3,4-trichloro-6-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrr...

The octahydronaphthopyranone moiety is synthesized from methyl α- d -mannopyranoside through the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction, and the tetraenedicarboxylic acid moiety is from the enzymatically prepared anti-compound. Both moieties were coupled to accomplish the total synthesis of calbistrin A and to disclose its absolute structure.

We developed synthesized 187 channel high-resolution ECG (187ch DREAM-ECG) that can evaluate simultaneously two-dimensional functional images of late potential (LP), RTpeak-end and T-wave current alternance (TWCA) using Mason-Likar lead system. We evaluated the significance of a risk stratification for ventricular fibrillation (VF). The subjects consisted of 20 healthy subject (CONT) and 10 patients with VF (1 idiopathic VF (IVF), 5 long QT syndrome, 2 Brugada syndrome, 1 sarcoidosis and 1 myocardial infarction). We recorded 10 min of 187ch DREAM-ECG. Two-dimensional functional images of recovery time (RTpeak-end; RTp-e) dispersion and LP were obtained by the signal-averaged 187ch VP-ECG. The TWCA value was determined from the relative changes in the averaged current density in the T-wave zone (Tpeak±50 ms) for two T-wave types. In the IVF and LQT with VF case, values of RTpeak-end dispersion and TWCA were higher than those in CONT (RTp-e dispersion; 63±12 ms vs. 26±16 ms, TWCA; 6.5±7.3% vs. 0.5±0.2%). For the Brugada syndrome with VF, positive LP and increased RTc dispersion was demonstrated. For the MI and sarcoidosis with VF, positive LP and increased RTp-e dispersion were associated. We conclude that a novel algorithm using 187ch DREAM-ECG might provide new insights on a risk stratification of VF.

The atrial cycle length during atrial fibrillation (AFIB) and flutter (AFL) waves has been shown to be correlated with atrial refractoriness and organization. In this study, a novel body surface 2-dimensional (2D) spectral mapping of AFIB and AFL was developed using vector-projected 187-channel ECG (187ch DREAM-ECG). The study consisted of 28 patients (24 AFIB and 4 AFL with valvular heart disease). Spectral analysis of a 4 seconds of non-averaged 187ch wave during AFIB and AFL was performed by maximum entropy modeling. The 2D body surface spectral feature was displayed according to the frequency and power magnitude components of the dominant frequency. The accuracy of this spectral feature was verified by 64ch magnetocardiography (MCG). The average dominant frequency in AFL by 187ch VP-ECG was lower than that in AFIB (4.6±0.9 Hz in AFL vs. 7.2±0.9 Hz in AFIB). The average dominant frequency by 187ch SACEG was agreed well with those by 64ch MCG (y=0.86x+0.84, r2=0.89). The body surface 2D spectral feature of the dominant frequency demonstrated a homogenous spectrum pattern in AFL and a non-homogenous pattern in AFIB. In conclusion, 2D novel body surface spectral mapping of the dominant frequency using 187ch DREAM-ECG may evaluate non-invasively the atrial cycle length during AFIB and AFL.