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BackgroundThe prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children and adolescents is not well-known. This is partly because TMD is not often diagnosed in children and partly because there is no agreed-upon definition of TMD. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that there are gender differences in the prevalence and presentation of TMD in adult. The aim was to assess the prevalence of TMDs in subjects aged 8-19 evaluated with Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD) and to assess gender differences. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs were systematically searched until 30 November 2022, to identify studies presenting children and adolescents patients affected by TMDs. ResultsOut of 40 papers, three studies were included. The included subjects in this review were 1914 (1093 female and 821 male). Seven hundred and thirty-six on 1914 patients (38.4%) presented TMD. Among 1093 female, 489 (44.7%) presented TMD, while 247/821 male (30%) experienced TMD. Meta-analysis revealed that the female had a higher TMD prevalence than male (RR 2.10; 95% CI: 1.21-3.65). ConclusionTMD prevalence in children and adolescence varies between 20% and 60%. Female had a higher prevalence of TMDs compared to male.

Objectives: Martini et al. developed a nomogram to predict significant (>25%) renal function loss after robot-assisted partial nephrectomy and identified four risk categories. We aimed to externally validate Martini’s nomogram on a large, national, multi-institutional data set including open, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy. Methods: Data of 2584 patients treated with partial nephrectomy for renal masses at 26 urological Italian centers (RECORD2 project) were collected. Renal function was assessed at baseline, on third postoperative day, and then at 6, 12, 24, and 48 months postoperatively. Multivariable models accounting for variables included in the Martini’s nomogram were applied to each approach predicting renal function loss at all the specific timeframes. Results: Multivariable models showed high area under the curve for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy at 6- and 12-month (87.3% and 83.6%) and for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (83.2% and 75.4%), whereas area under the curves were lower in open partial nephrectomy (78.4% and 75.2%). The predictive ability of the model decreased in all the surgical approaches at 48 months from surgery. Each Martini risk group showed an increasing percentage of patients developing a significant renal function reduction in the open, laparoscopic and robot-assisted partial nephrectomy group, as well as an increased probability to develop a significant estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction in the considered time cutoffs, although the predictive ability of the classes was

Introduction: While Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are not typically considered a primary symptom of Parkinson disease (PD), recent studies have documented a correlation between aging and TMDs, a cluster of conditions affecting the temporomandibulr joint and surrounding musculature, thereby underscoring the potential for an increased frequency of TMDs in the aging PD population. Objective: The purpose of this review is to systematically evaluate the existing literature on the topic and provide a comprehensive overview of the prevalence of TMDs in patients with PD. Methods: To determine eligibility, we utilized the Population (human subjects), Exposure (PD), Comparator (PD vs non-PD subjects), and Outcomes (TMD) (PECO) model. To conduct this systematic review, we searched for articles published in PubMed, Web of Science, and Lilacs from the beginning until April150, 2023. Results: Three study were selected. All together they comprised a total of 55828 subjects, out of which 12629 were affected by PD or Parkinsonism, and the remaining 43199 were non-PD subjects matched for age and sex. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of TMDs in subjects affected by PD. The results showed that 193/12629 (1,53%) of PD individuals presented with TMD symptoms or were diagnosed with TMD, while 260/43199 (0,6%) of non-PD subjects were diagnosed with the same. The meta-analysis, showed that there was a higher TMD prevalence in PD subjects compared to non-PD subjects (RR 1.57; 95% CI: 1.30- 1.89). Conclusion: The studies reviewed suggest a possible association between TMD and PD. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between TMD and PD and to identify possible mechanisms and treatment strategies.

Introduction: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are a common and debilitating condition that affects millions of people globally. Despite extensive research on TMDs, the exact causes of these conditions remain unclear. However, various factors, including genetics, injury and stress, have been implicated in their development. In addition to these traditional risk factors, the literature suggests that socioeconomic status (SES) may also play a role in the development and progression of TMDs. By synthesizing the available evidence, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of SES in TMDs and will inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce the burden of these disorders among individuals with lower SES. Methods: We conducted this systematic review followed the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. PubMed, Scopus and Lilacs were searched using the terms: ((socio-economic status OR economic status) AND (temporomandibular disorders OR temporomandibular joint) from the inception until February 10, 2023. We applied the following questions: (P) Participants consisted of human subjects. (E) The Exposure consisted of low economic stats. (C) The Comparison: subjects reporting low economic status were compared to subjects reporting medium-high economic status. (O) The Outcome consisted of TMDs diagnosis. Review Manager version 5.2.8 (Cochrane Collaboration; 2014) software was applied to perform the pooled analysis. Results: The included subjects in this review were 14 607. Among them, 631 reported a low economic income, 1880 a medium-high economic income, 4617 were blue-collar workers and 7478 were white-collar workers or entrepreneurs. Among those reporting a low economic income or belonging to the blue-collar workers 12.93% (679/5248) presented sign/symptoms of TMD or a diagnosis of TMD whereas 10.6% (997/9358) of those with a high economic income/white-collar worker. Conclusion: We observed a slightly higher prevalence of TMD among individuals with a low economic income Further research is needed to better understand this relationship and to develop effective interventions to reduce the burden of TMD among individuals with low income.

Background: The management of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) requires a comprehensive approach that considers multiple factors, including the impact of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Through this investigation we aim to assess the impact of OHRQoL played in a TMD-afflicted individual. Methods: Using keywords relevant to our research, such as "Oral health related quality of life," "Oral hygiene," "Temporomandibular joint" and "Temporomandibular disorders," a comprehensive search across multiple online databases was carried out, yielding a total of 632 studies at the preliminary stage of the review. Modified New Castle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of studies included. Results: Eight studies were included in the review, out of which six were eligible for further meta-analysis. The studies included in this review employed various OHRQoL measures, including the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), the Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the OHIP- 49. All the studies demonstrated significant effect of TMDs on the OHRQoL of the target population under study. Conclusion: The impact of OHRQoL on the management of TMD was deemed to be significant. The comprehensive management of TMD should consider the impact of the condition on the individual's daily life and incorporate interventions that address both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition. By improving OqL, individuals with TMD can experience improved overall well-being and quality of life.

Background: Over the past few years, researchers have investigated whether varying menstrual statuses and oestrogen levels could affect the likelihood of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), with conflicting results. While some studies suggest a potential link between increased oestrogen levels and higher TMD risk, others have found no correlation. It is worth noting that oestrogen levels can impact the structure and function of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). In the light of these findings, our study seeks to investigate the prevalence of TMDs among pregnant women.Methods: We searched in PubMed, Web of Science and Lilacs for articles published from the inception until 20 January 2023. We applied the Population, Exposure, Comparator and Outcomes (PECO) model to assess the document eligibility: (P) Participants: female human subjects. (E) Exposure: pregnancy. (C) Comparison: pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women in the childbearing age. (O) Outcome: TMDs diagnosis. Only study providing data about the prevalence in both group (pregnant and non-pregnant) were included. We set the following exclusion criteria: (1) diagnosis of rheumatic diseases or chronic inflammatory disorders (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile, idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis); (2) diagnosis of fibromyalgia; (3) congenital abnormality or neoplastic conditions in the TMJ region; (4) studies including subjects undergoing arthrocentesis or intra-articular infiltrations; (5) studies including local pressure pain assessment; (6) studies including women in menopause in the control group (7) cross-over study design; (8) language different from English; (9) full- text unavailability (i.e. posters and conference abstracts); (10) studies involving animals; (11) review (topical or systematic) article; (12) case reports/series; (13) studies evaluating TMDs prevalence in subjects not pregnant. The software Review Manager version 5.2.8 (Cochrane Collaboration) was used to perform the pooled analysis. We measured the risk ratio (RR) between the two groups (pregnant and non-pregnant).Results: The included subjects in this review were 440. Among them, 244 were pregnant while the remaining 196 were age matched non-pregnant women. Among those pregnant 102 presented sign/symptoms of TMD or TMD diagnosis (41.8%) whereas 80 of those not pregnant were diagnosed with (40.8%). The overall effect showed that there was no difference in TMD prevalence between pregnant and non-pregnant women in childbearing age (RR 1.12; 95% CI: 0.65-1.93), suggesting that pregnant is neither a risk factor nor a protective factor for TMD.Conclusions: Overall, we did not find an association between TMD and pregnancy, neither positive nor negative. Further studies on larger samples are needed to clarify our results.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is maintained by the emergence of successive variants, highlighting the flexibility of the protein sequences of the virus. We show that experimentally determined intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) are abundant in the SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins, making up to 28% of disorder content for the S1 subunit of spike and up to 51% for the nucleoprotein, with the vast majority of mutations occurring in the 13 major variants mapped to these IDRs. Strikingly, antigenic sites are enriched in IDRs, in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and in the N-terminal domain (NTD), suggesting a key role of structural flexibility in the antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 protein surface. Mutations occurring in the S1 subunit and nucleoprotein (N) IDRs are critical for immune evasion and antibody escape, suggesting potential additional implications for vaccines and monoclonal therapeutic strategies. Overall, this suggests the presence of variable regions on S1 and N protein surfaces, which confer sequence and antigenic flexibility to the virus without altering its protein functions.

Background Recently, alterations in miRNAs expression profile in semen have been linked to damaged spermatogenesis, suggesting miRNAs could be used as potential infertility biomarkers. In previous animal studies, miR-20a-5p was found to be down-expressed in low motile spermatozoa, implying its potential target of genes associated with cell apoptosis. Objective To investigate miR-20a-5p expression in blood plasma of patients suffering from non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), compared to normozoospermic controls. Materials and methods Between January 2018 and December 2019, from 52 infertile couples eligible for the study, 24 couples were finally enrolled in this monocentric observational prospective pilot study. Patients were included into two groups: Group 1 comprised men with NOA (n = 14) and Group 2 fertile men partners of women with female tubal factor infertility (n = 10). All NOA patients underwent testicular sperm extraction. The expression of circulating miR-20a-5p in plasma samples was assessed by RT-qPCR. A relative quantification strategy was adopted using the 2-ΔCq method to calculate the target miR-20a-5p expression with respect to miR-16-5p as endogenous control. Results Median blood plasma miR-20a-5p was significantly higher in patients affected by NOA (0.16 2-ΔCt , range: 0.05-0.79 2-ΔCt ) than in fertile controls (0.06 2-ΔCt , range: 0.04-0.10 2-ΔCt ), P .05). Conclusions MiR-20a-5p could represent a novel non-invasive diagnostic biomarker of male infertility.