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265 results on '"Montgomery J."'

2. Global rarity of intact coastal regions

Author

Williams, BA, Watson, JEM, Beyer, HL, Klein, CJ, Montgomery, J, Runting, RK, Roberson, LA, Halpern, BS, Grantham, HS, Kuempel, CD, Frazier, M, Venter, O, Wenger, A, Williams, BA, Watson, JEM, Beyer, HL, Klein, CJ, Montgomery, J, Runting, RK, Roberson, LA, Halpern, BS, Grantham, HS, Kuempel, CD, Frazier, M, Venter, O, and Wenger, A

Abstract

Management of the land-sea interface is essential for global conservation and sustainability objectives because coastal regions maintain natural processes that support biodiversity and the livelihood of billions of people. However, assessments of coastal regions have focused strictly on either the terrestrial or marine realm. Consequently, understanding of the overall state of Earth's coastal regions is poor. We integrated the terrestrial human footprint and marine cumulative human impact maps in a global assessment of the anthropogenic pressures affecting coastal regions. Of coastal regions globally, 15.5% had low anthropogenic pressure, mostly in Canada, Russia, and Greenland. Conversely, 47.9% of coastal regions were heavily affected by humanity, and in most countries (84.1%) >50% of their coastal regions were degraded. Nearly half (43.3%) of protected areas across coastal regions were exposed to high human pressures. To meet global sustainability objectives, all nations must undertake greater actions to preserve and restore the coastal regions within their borders.

Published
2022

4. Contribution of strontium to the human diet from querns and millstones: an experiment in digestive strontium isotope uptake

Author

Johnson, L., Montgomery, J., Evans, J., Hamilton, E., Johnson, L., Montgomery, J., Evans, J., and Hamilton, E.

Abstract

The question of whether rock grit ingested unintentionally from querns, metates or millstones, or deliberately through pica or geophagy, is bioaccessible in the human gut has not been addressed in archaeological strontium (Sr) isotope studies. This study employed the unified bioaccessibility method and determined that ingested rock grit can provide bioaccessible 87Sr/86Sr, but that unintentional consumption is unlikely to constitute > 1% of the diet (by mass) and will not significantly change, that is, by > 0.001, human skeletal 87Sr/86Sr. The use of locally or non‐locally sourced querns or millstones will not affect the interpretation of archaeological human 87Sr/86Sr values in Britain.

Published
2019

7. Guidelines for day‐case surgery 2019

Author

Bailey, C. R., primary, Ahuja, M., additional, Bartholomew, K., additional, Bew, S., additional, Forbes, L., additional, Lipp, A., additional, Montgomery, J., additional, Russon, K., additional, Potparic, O., additional, and Stocker, M., additional

Published
2019
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18. Mobility, mortality, and the Middle Ages: identification of migrant individuals in a 14th century Black Death cemetery population

Author

Kendall, E.J., Montgomery, J., Evans, J.A., Stantis, C., Mueller, V., Kendall, E.J., Montgomery, J., Evans, J.A., Stantis, C., and Mueller, V.

Abstract

Mobility and migration patterns of groups and individuals have long been a topic of interest to archaeologists, used for broad explanatory models of cultural change as well as illustrations of historical particularism. The 14th century AD was a tumultuous period of history in Britain, with severely erratic weather patterns, the Great Famine of 1315–1322, the Scottish Wars of Independence, and the Hundred Years' War providing additional migration pressures to the ordinary economic issues drawing individuals to their capital under more stable conditions. East Smithfield Black Death Cemetery (Royal Mint) had a documented use period of only 2 years (AD 1348–1350), providing a precise historical context (∼50 years) for data. Adults (n = 30) from the East Smithfield site were sampled for strontium and oxygen stable isotope analyses of tooth enamel. Five individuals were demonstrated to be statistical outliers through the combined strontium and oxygen isotope data. Potential origins for migrants ranged from London's surrounding hinterlands to distant portions of northern and western Britain. Historic food sourcing practices for London were found to be an important factor for consideration in a broader than expected 87Sr/86Sr range reflected in a comparison of enamel samples from three London datasets. The pooled dataset demonstrated a high level of consistency between site data, divergent from the geologically predicted range. We argue that this supports the premise that isotope data in human populations must be approached as a complex interaction between behavior and environment and thus should be interpreted cautiously with the aid of alternate lines of evidence.

Published
2013

19. Responses of Siliceous Materials to High Pressure

Author

Wereszczak, A. A., primary, Morrissey, T. G., additional, Ferber, M. K., additional, Bortle, K. P., additional, Rodgers, E. A., additional, Tsoi, G., additional, Montgomery, J. M., additional, Vohra, Y., additional, and Toller, S., additional

Published
2013
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21. Differential var gene expression in the organs of patients dying of falciparurn malaria

Author

Montgomery, J, Mphande, FA, Berriman, M, Pain, A, Rogerson, SJ, Taylor, TE, Molyneux, ME, Craig, A, Montgomery, J, Mphande, FA, Berriman, M, Pain, A, Rogerson, SJ, Taylor, TE, Molyneux, ME, and Craig, A

Abstract

Sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in the microcirculation of tissues is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of severe falciparum malaria. A major variant surface antigen, var/Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, expressed on the surface of the infected erythrocyte, mediates cytoadherence to vascular endothelium. To address the question of tissue-specific accumulation of variant types, we used the unique resource generated by the clinicopathological study of fatal paediatric malaria in Blantyre, Malawi, to analyse var gene transcription in patients dying with falciparum malaria. Despite up to 102 different var genes being expressed by P. falciparum populations in a single host, only one to two of these genes were expressed at high levels in the brains and hearts of these patients. These major var types differed between organs. However, identical var types were expressed in the brains of multiple patients from a single malaria season. These results provide the first evidence of organ-specific accumulation of P. falciparum variant types and suggest that parasitized erythrocytes can exhibit preferential binding in the body, supporting the hypothesis of cytoadherence-linked pathogenesis.

Published
2007

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