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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a type of emerging thin-film photovoltaics, which show a promising potential to catch a major portion of the near future market. However, hazardous waste-generation and cost-management of the industrial production are two key issues which need to be addressed in the commercialization process. Herein, a universal coating strategy is introduced by combination of blade and spin coating to realize a zero-waste-generation of the perovskite precursor materials for layer-by-layer deposition of 3D/2D perovskite films on large-area substrates with high uniformity and reproducibility. This leads to eliminate 90% and 95% of the materials consumption compared to the conventional spin-coating for deposition of the 3D and 2D perovskite layers, respectively, without changing of the ink precursor. Large-area PSCs have been realized by blade-spin/blade coating approach reaching 19.55% photo-conversion efficiency (PCE) over 0.92 cm(2) masked area and >1000 h T90 thermal stability at 85 degrees C. Fabricated perovskite solar modules via blade-spin/blade deposition have been reached to 18.8% PCE over 10 cm(2) active-area. The economic analysis shows the potential for >90% decrease of the operational expenditure via break-down of the material costs from 1.99 euro m(-2) in spin coating method to 0.18 euro m(-2) in blade-spin/blade coating approach.

In this work, we successfully used a pure layer of [SiW11O39]8- polyoxomethalate (POM) structure as a thin film scaffold layer of CH3NH3PbI3 based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A smooth nanoporous surface of POM cause to amazing improvement of the photocurrent density, External Quantum Efficiency (EQE) and overall efficiency of the PSCs compare to mp-TiO2 as scaffold layer. Average PCE values of 15.5% with champion device as 16.3% could achieve by using POM and sequential deposition method of perovskite layer. Furthermore, modified and defect-free POM/perovskite interface led to elimination of the anomalous hysteresis in the current-voltage curves. Open-circuit voltage decay study show promising decrease of the electron recombination in the POM based PSCs which also related to modification of POM/perovskite interface and higher electron transport inside the POM layer.

Here, we investigated the effect of the molecular weight (MW) of poly 3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) hole-transport material on the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We found that by increasing the MW the photovoltaic performances of the cells are enhanced leading to an improvement of the overall efficiency. P3HT-based PSCs with a MW of 124 kDa can achieve an overall average efficiency of 16.2 %, double with respect to the ones with a MW of 44 kDa. Opposite to spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs, the photovoltaic parameters of the P3HT-based devices are enhanced by increasing the mesoporous TiO2 layer thickness from 250 to 500 nm. Moreover, for a titania scaffold layer thickness of 500 nm, the efficiency of P3HT-based PSCs with high MW is larger than the spiro-OMeTAD based PSCs with the same scaffold layer thickness. Recombination reactions of the devices were also investigated by voltage decay and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We found that the relationship between P3HT MW and cell performance is related to the reduction of charge recombination and to the increase of the P3HT light absorption by increasing the MW.