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Background The value of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the treatment of diabetic ulcers is still under debate. Available evidence suggests that HBOT may improve the healing of diabetic ulcers, but it comes from small trials with heterogeneous populations and interventions. The DAMOCLES-trial will assess the (cost-)effectiveness of HBOT for ischemic diabetic ulcers in addition to standard of care. Methods In a multicenter randomized clinical trial, including 30 hospitals and all 10 HBOT centers in the Netherlands, we plan to enroll 275 patients with Types 1 or 2 diabetes, a Wagner 2, 3 or 4 ulcer of the leg present for at least 4 weeks, and concomitant leg ischemia, defined as an ankle systolic blood pressure of