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2. Do trade‐offs govern plant species’ responses to different global change treatments?

Author

Langley, J. Adam, Grman, Emily, Wilcox, Kevin R., Avolio, Meghan L., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Collins, Scott L., Koerner, Sally E., Smith, Melinda D., Baldwin, Andrew H., Bowman, William, Chiariello, Nona, Eskelinen, Anu, Harmens, Harry, Hovenden, Mark, Klanderud, Kari, McCulley, Rebecca L., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Robinson, Clare H., Suding, Katharine N., Langley, J. Adam, Grman, Emily, Wilcox, Kevin R., Avolio, Meghan L., Komatsu, Kimberly J., Collins, Scott L., Koerner, Sally E., Smith, Melinda D., Baldwin, Andrew H., Bowman, William, Chiariello, Nona, Eskelinen, Anu, Harmens, Harry, Hovenden, Mark, Klanderud, Kari, McCulley, Rebecca L., Onipchenko, Vladimir G., Robinson, Clare H., and Suding, Katharine N.

Abstract

Plants are subject to trade-offs among growth strategies such that adaptations for optimal growth in one condition can preclude optimal growth in another. Thus, we predicted that a plant species that responds positively to one global change treatment would be less likely than average to respond positively to another treatment, particularly for pairs of treatments that favor distinct traits. We examined plant species’ abundances in 39 global change experiments manipulating two or more of the following: CO2, nitrogen, phosphorus, water, temperature, or disturbance. Overall, the directional response of a species to one treatment was 13% more likely than expected to oppose its response to a another single-factor treatment. This tendency was detectable across the global data set, but held little predictive power for individual treatment combinations or within individual experiments. Although trade-offs in the ability to respond to different global change treatments exert discernible global effects, other forces obscure their influence in local communities.

Published
2022

3. Do trade‐offs govern plant species’ responses to different global change treatments?

Author

Langley, J. Adam, primary, Grman, Emily, additional, Wilcox, Kevin R., additional, Avolio, Meghan L., additional, Komatsu, Kimberly J., additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Koerner, Sally E., additional, Smith, Melinda D., additional, Baldwin, Andrew H., additional, Bowman, William, additional, Chiariello, Nona, additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Harmens, Harry, additional, Hovenden, Mark, additional, Klanderud, Kari, additional, McCulley, Rebecca L., additional, Onipchenko, Vladimir G., additional, Robinson, Clare H., additional, and Suding, Katharine N., additional

Published
2022
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7. Asynchrony among local communities stabilises ecosystem function of metacommunities

Author

Wilcox, Kevin R., primary, Tredennick, Andrew T., additional, Koerner, Sally E., additional, Grman, Emily, additional, Hallett, Lauren M., additional, Avolio, Meghan L., additional, La Pierre, Kimberly J., additional, Houseman, Gregory R., additional, Isbell, Forest, additional, Johnson, David Samuel, additional, Alatalo, Juha M., additional, Baldwin, Andrew H., additional, Bork, Edward W., additional, Boughton, Elizabeth H., additional, Bowman, William D., additional, Britton, Andrea J., additional, Cahill, James F., additional, Collins, Scott L., additional, Du, Guozhen, additional, Eskelinen, Anu, additional, Gough, Laura, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Kern, Christel, additional, Klanderud, Kari, additional, Knapp, Alan K., additional, Kreyling, Juergen, additional, Luo, Yiqi, additional, McLaren, Jennie R., additional, Megonigal, Patrick, additional, Onipchenko, Vladimir, additional, Prevéy, Janet, additional, Price, Jodi N., additional, Robinson, Clare H., additional, Sala, Osvaldo E., additional, Smith, Melinda D., additional, Soudzilovskaia, Nadejda A., additional, Souza, Lara, additional, Tilman, David, additional, White, Shannon R., additional, Xu, Zhuwen, additional, Yahdjian, Laura, additional, Yu, Qiang, additional, Zhang, Pengfei, additional, and Zhang, Yunhai, additional

Published
2017
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8. Not poles apart: Antarctic soil fungal communities show similarities to those of the distant Arctic

Author

Cox, Filipa, Newsham, Kevin K., Bol, Roland, Dungait, Jennifer A.J., Robinson, Clare H., Cox, Filipa, Newsham, Kevin K., Bol, Roland, Dungait, Jennifer A.J., and Robinson, Clare H.

Abstract

Antarctica's extreme environment and geographical isolation offers a useful platform for testing the relative roles of environmental selection and dispersal barriers influencing fungal communities. The former process should lead to convergence in community composition with other cold environments, such as those in the Arctic. Alternatively, dispersal limitations should minimise similarity between Antarctica and distant northern landmasses. Using high-throughput sequencing, we show that Antarctica shares significantly more fungi with the Arctic, and more fungi display a bipolar distribution, than would be expected in the absence of environmental filtering. In contrast to temperate and tropical regions, there is relatively little endemism, and a strongly bimodal distribution of range sizes. Increasing southerly latitude is associated with lower endemism and communities increasingly dominated by fungi with widespread ranges. These results suggest that micro-organisms with well-developed dispersal capabilities can inhabit opposite poles of the Earth, and dominate extreme environments over specialised local species

Published
2016

10. Responses of Dryas octopetala to ITEX environmental manipulations: a synthesis with circumpolar comparisons

Author

Welker, Jeffery M, Molau, Ulf, Parsons, Andrew N, Robinson, Clare H, and Wookey, Philip

Subjects
tundra, climate change, Arctic, comparative studies, ITEX, alpine, dwarf shrub
Abstract

We have examined organismic responses of Dryas octopetala to simulated changes in the summer climate at four tundra sites as part of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). Our study sites are located in the High Arctic, on Svalbard, Norway, in the Low Arctic at Abisko, Sweden, and at Toolik Lake, Alaska, USA and our temperate alpine site is at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, USA. These sites represent a range of tundra temperature and precipitation regimes, being generally cold and dry in the High Arctic and warmer and wetter at Toolik Lake and Niwot Ridge. Results from our studies indicate organismic attributes such as flowering shoot length varies by 30% between low and high arctic populations and that experimental warming results in significant increases in shoot height at three of four sites. We find that phenological development of Dryas is accelerated under experimentally warmed conditions which corresponds with a lengthening of the growing season in autumn, greater degrees of seed set and a higher likelihood of colonization of bare ground. We also observe that Dryas dominated ecosystems which are exposed to experimental manipulations are capable of exhibiting net carbon sequestration in late autumn, and that Dryas photosynthesis and green leaf biomass is significantly greater under warmer as opposed to ambient temperature conditions. Dryas leaf nitrogen is also significantly lowered under warmer conditions resulting in senescent leaves having a higher C:N ratio than those under ambient conditions. Together these findings indicate that Dryas phenology and carbon flux may be altered to the greatest degree in spring and again in autumn by higher summer temperatures and that simultaneously both positive and negative feedback effects may result from changes in plant and ecosystem performance. © 1997 Blackwell Science Ltd.

Published
1997

11. Responses of plant litter decomposition and nitrogen mineralisation to simulated environmental change in a high arctic polar semi-desert and a subarctic dwarf shrub heath

Author

Robinson, Clare H, Wookey, Philip, Parsons, A N, Potter, Jacqueline A, Callaghan, Terry V, Lee, John A, Press, Malcolm C, and Welker, J M

Abstract

Impacts of climate change were simulated in two contrasting European arctic ecosys tems, a high arctic polar semi-desert and a subarctic dwarf shrub heath, by increasing temperature (using polythene tents), precipitation and soil nutrient (NPK) availability. The effects of these treatments and their interactions on plant litter decomposition and soil nutrient fluxes were assessed. Polythene tents increased air, litter and soil temper atures but reduced litter and soil moisture contents. At both sites, litter decomposition was significantly retarded in the tent treatments due probably to reduced litter mois ture contents. The tent treatment had no effect on extractable soil N pools or net total N mineralisation at either site, although the treatment significantly reduced net sea sonal nitrification values at the subarctic site. The additional precipitation treatment significantly increased litter decomposition at the dwarf shrub heath site and the net amount of N mineralised at the polar semi-desert site. Litter decomposition was in creased, as was net N mineralisation, by the application of nutrients. The results sug gest that soil temperature increases of up to 1VC, which may occur by the end of the next century as an effect of a predicted 4VC rise in air temperature, have only small ef fects on total N mineralisation in the short term in arctic soils.

Published
1995

12. Global assessment of experimental climate warming on tundra vegetation: heterogeneity over space and time

Author

Elmendorf, Sarah C., primary, Henry, Gregory H. R., additional, Hollister, Robert D., additional, Björk, Robert G., additional, Bjorkman, Anne D., additional, Callaghan, Terry V., additional, Collier, Laura Siegwart, additional, Cooper, Elisabeth J., additional, Cornelissen, Johannes H. C., additional, Day, Thomas A., additional, Fosaa, Anna Maria, additional, Gould, William A., additional, Grétarsdóttir, Járngerður, additional, Harte, John, additional, Hermanutz, Luise, additional, Hik, David S., additional, Hofgaard, Annika, additional, Jarrad, Frith, additional, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg Svala, additional, Keuper, Frida, additional, Klanderud, Kari, additional, Klein, Julia A., additional, Koh, Saewan, additional, Kudo, Gaku, additional, Lang, Simone I., additional, Loewen, Val, additional, May, Jeremy L., additional, Mercado, Joel, additional, Michelsen, Anders, additional, Molau, Ulf, additional, Myers-Smith, Isla H., additional, Oberbauer, Steven F., additional, Pieper, Sara, additional, Post, Eric, additional, Rixen, Christian, additional, Robinson, Clare H., additional, Schmidt, Niels Martin, additional, Shaver, Gaius R., additional, Stenström, Anna, additional, Tolvanen, Anne, additional, Totland, Ørjan, additional, Troxler, Tiffany, additional, Wahren, Carl-Henrik, additional, Webber, Patrick J., additional, Welker, Jeffery M., additional, and Wookey, Philip A., additional

Published
2011
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