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Abstract We conducted two‐dimensional numerical simulations to investigate the mechanisms underlying the strong spatiotemporal correlation observed between submarine landslides and gas hydrate dissociation due to glacial sea‐level drops. Our results suggest that potential plastic deformation or slip could occur at localized and small scales in the shallow‐water portion of the gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ). This shallow‐water portion of the GHSZ typically lies within the area enclosed by three points: the BGHSZ–seafloor intersection, the seafloor at ∼600 m below sea level (mbsl), and the base of the GHSZ (BGHSZ) at ∼1,050 mbsl in low‐latitude regions. The deep BGHSZ (>1,050 mbsl) could not slip; therefore, the entire BGHSZ was not a complete slip surface. Glacial hydrate dissociation alone is unlikely to cause large‐scale submarine landslides. Observed deep‐water (much greater than 600 mbsl) turbidites containing geochemical evidence of glacial hydrate dissociation potentially formed from erosion or detachment in the GHSZ pinch‐out zone.

Excavation of deep and long pits can cause strata deformation and settlement of adjacent buildings. The excavation of a deep foundation pit of a nearby building in Zhengzhou City, China, is taken as the research object. The foundation of the foundation pit is an independent foundation under the column, the depth of the foundation pit is 24.5∼26.3 m, and the support form of an underground continuous wall and four internal supports is adopted. The stress and deformation characteristics of retaining structures during the construction of deep and long pits and their impact on the deformation of nearby buildings were studied through on-site monitoring and finite element simulation. The analysis focuses on the effects of different excavation stages on adjacent structures, with the main conclusions as follows. After excavation, the underground continuous wall far from the building undergoes a “rotating-kick” displacement, while the underground continuous wall on the side near the building only shows a “kick” displacement. Adjacent buildings have little influence on the distribution of shear force and bending moment of the underground continuous wall of the foundation pit. The first horizontal strut experiences pressure, gradually shifting to tension as excavation continues, with the maximum stress reaching 3.6 × 103 kN. The second, third, and fourth horizontal struts mainly bear compressive forces, increasing with the depth of the struts. The building primarily undergoes settlement in the early stages of deep and long pit excavation. As the excavation progresses, the building points near the pit begin to bulge, but the building corners far from the pit continue to show settlement. During the excavation of the deep and long pit, the differential settlement of the long side of the nearby building first decreases and then increases, and the differential settlement of the short side changes from a slight decrease to a significant increase. The settlement evolution of the building is as follows: overall settlement ⟶ overall uplift ⟶ uplift of the side of the building near the pit ⟶ outward tilting away from the pit. The findings may provide references for designing, constructing, and operating deep and large foundation pits.

Abstract Cancer vaccines critically rely on the availability of targetable immunogenic cancer‐specific neoepitopes. However, mutation‐based immunogenic neoantigens are rare or even non‐existent in subgroups of cancer types. To address this issue, we exploited a cancer‐specific aberrant transcription‐induced chimeric RNA, designated A‐PaschiRNA, as a possible source of clinically relevant and targetable neoantigens. A‐PaschiRNA encodes a recently discovered cancer‐specific chimeric protein that comprises full‐length astrotactin‐2 (ASTN2) C‐terminally fused in‐frame to the antisense sequence of the 18th intron of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPPA). We used extracellular vesicles (EVs) from A‐PaschiRNA‐transfected dendritic cells (DCs) to produce the cell‐free anticancer vaccine DEXA‐P. Treatment of immunocompetent cancer‐bearing mice with DEXA‐P inhibited tumour growth and prolonged animal survival. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time that cancer‐specific transcription‐induced chimeric RNAs can be exploited to produce a cell‐free cancer vaccine that induces potent CD8+ T cell‐mediated anticancer immunity. Our novel approach may be particularly useful for developing cancer vaccines to treat malignancies with low mutational burden or without mutation‐based antigens. Moreover, this cell‐free anticancer vaccine approach may offer several practical advantages over cell‐based vaccines, such as ease of scalability and genetic modifiability as well as enhanced shelf life.

Abstract Relapse is the main cause of treatment failure for leukaemia patients with unfavourable gene mutations who receive allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). There is no consensus on the indication of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) for prophylaxis of relapse after allo‐HSCT. To evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of prophylactic DLI in patients with unfavourable gene mutations such as FLT3‐ITD, TP53, ASXL1, DNMT3A or TET2, we performed a prospective, single‐arm study. Prophylactic use of decitabine followed by DLI was planned in patients with TP53 or epigenetic modifier gene mutations. The prophylaxis was planned in 46 recipients: it was administered in 28 patients and it was not administered in 18 patients due to contraindications. No DLI‐associated pancytopenia was observed. The cumulative incidences of grade II–IV and III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) at 100 days post‐DLI were 25.8% and 11.0%, respectively. The rates of chronic GVHD, non‐relapse mortality and relapse at 3 years post‐DLI were 21.6%, 25.0% and 26.1%, respectively. The 3‐year relapse‐free survival and overall survival (OS) rates were 48.9% and 48.2%, respectively. Acute GVHD (HR: 2.30, p = 0.016) and relapse (HR: 2.46, p = 0.003) after DLI were independently associated with inferior OS. Data in the current study showed the feasibility of prophylactic DLI with/without decitabine in the early stage after allo‐HSCT in patients with unfavourable gene mutations.

The lining crack is common for the tunnel in the stage of operation, which has seriously influenced the service life and safety of tunnel engineering. It is a new trend to use computer vision to detect tunnel cracks over the past few years in China and foreign countries. By image processing technology and intelligent algorithm, the computer has a hominine visual perception system which understands, analyzes, and determines input image information, thus recognizing and detecting specific objectives. However, the effect of image recognition for tunnel crack now cannot satisfy the demands of practical engineering. SSD algorithm has been used when analyzing features of lining surface image, while comparison analysis has been made from image recognition results, error rate, and running time. The results indicate that the SSD algorithm can accurately and rapidly detect and mark the position of the tunnel crack. The tunnel information obtained from image recognition is subsequently imported into the team independently developed software GeoSMA-3D, which is useful for determining tunnel grade.

The present study aims to elucidate the problem of a rock mass structural plane with a range of damage degrees and the numerical model selection for analysis of a slope with multiple sliding surfaces. Based on the relative displacement between blocks, the dynamic strength reduction-discontinuous deformation analysis (hereinafter referred to as DSR-DDA) method is proposed for studying slopes with multiple sliding surfaces. The slope-slider classic case was used to test the displacement threshold. The model was applied to the stability analysis of multiple sliding surfaces of a high rock slope in the Fushun West Open-Pit Mine. The results show that when the displacement threshold is set to 1 mm, the error between the DSR-DDA results and the theoretical solution is within 0.5%, which satisfies the calculation requirements. The most dangerous slip surface in the Fushun West Open-Pit Mine slope was identified. Based on the numerical slope model after the first landslide, the position of the secondary slip surface was then identified. The failure mode is traction sliding failure, and the middle and lower oil shales play a key role in the slope stability. This study recommends that mining of the remaining oil shale should stop to avoid causing large-scale landslides in the upper part of the slope and landslides at the pit-city boundary.

Shear strength deterioration of rock joints and its induced instability of key blocks subjected to dynamic disturbance constitute the mechanism of many geological disasters such as rockburst, landslide, and rockfall. In this study, the influence of dynamic disturbance on rock joints was quantified in the form of stress, of which model was established by quasistatic method. The dynamic shear strength of rock joints was analyzed theoretically following the Coulomb-Navier criterion and further investigated experimentally by split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests with impact velocities of 4.850 m/s, 8.722 m/s, 12.784 m/s, and 16.935 m/s. The effect of engineering disturbance on shear strength of rock joints was measured, and a degradation coefficient was used to describe it quantitatively. Considering the degradation of dynamic shear strength of rock joints and its influence on block stability, the method for determining key blocks under dynamic disturbance was given. Implementing this method into the program of Geotechnical Structure and Model Analysis-3D (GeoSMA-3D) developed by the authors’ team, the visualization of key blocks was achieved. From theoretical analysis and experimental investigation, it was figured out that the shear strength of rock joints is degraded under dynamic disturbance. The degradation of friction angle becomes more sensitive than that of cohesion. Additionally, numerical results show that the number of key blocks was increased with the increasing impact velocities.

The concept of s-logarithmically preinvex function is introduced, and by creating an integral identity involving an n-times differentiable function, some new Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for s-logarithmically preinvex functions are established.