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1. Colonization of winter oilseed rape tissues by A/Tox+ and B/Tox0 Leptosphaeria maculans (phoma stem canker) in France and England

Author

West, J. S., Balesdent, M-H., Rouxel, T., Narcy, J. P., Huang, Y-J., Roux, J., Steed, J. M., Fitt, B. D. L., and Schmit, J.

Subjects
Plant Sciences, Agronomy
Abstract

The colonization of winter oilseed rape plants and epidemiology of phoma stem canker differed between A/Tox(+) and B /Tox(0) Leptosphaeria maculans. In France and England, where plant colonization was investigated during two and three growing seasons, respectively, there was a difference in timing of leaf infection; A/Tox(+) L. maculans was predominant on leaves in the autumn (October/ November) but there was an increase in the incidence of B/Tox(0) in the winter (January/ February). In May, June and July both species could be isolated from all external parts of the plant (root to the upper stem) and all crown (stem base) tissues, although they differed in their distribution. At the root and crown, A/Tox(+) L. maculans was predominant and was located throughout the cortex, wood and pith tissues, but the rarer B/Tox(0) was located mainly in the cortex. Approximately equal numbers of A/Tox(+) and B/Tox(0) isolates were obtained from the upper stem - there was a greater proportion of B/Tox(0) isolates than at the crown. In England, after harvest in 1999 and 2000, pseudothecia on the lignified tap root and crown tissues produced predominantly A/Tox(+) ascospores (94%), while pseudothecia higher up the stem produced more B/Tox(0) ascospores (60%) than A/Tox(+) ascospores (40%). The timing of the onset of leaf spotting, earlier in the season for A/Tox(+) than B/Tox(0) L. maculans, and the predominance of mycelium of A/Tox(+) at the crown are consistent with the assumption that A/Tox(+) is more likely to cause the most damaging stem cankers than B/Tox(0) L. maculans. Identification as A/Tox(+) or B/Tox(0) by cultural characteristics differed only slightly (2.3%) from identification by molecular techniques.

Published
2002

15. Abstracts of papers Minneapolis Fall Meeting

Author

Litchfield, C. C., primary, Rakoff, Henry, additional, Maire, Renȳ, additional, Holman, R. T., additional, Subbaram, M. R., additional, Youngs, C. G., additional, McCarthy, M. J., additional, Kuksis, A., additional, Trowbridge, J. R., additional, Herrick, A. B., additional, Bauman, R. A., additional, Craig, B. M., additional, Bhatty, M. K., additional, Sen, N., additional, Schlenk, H., additional, Gellerman, J. L., additional, Emken, E. A., additional, Butterfield, R. O., additional, Blank, M. L., additional, Farquhar, Margaret, additional, Reiser, Raymond, additional, Luddy, F. E., additional, Barford, R. A., additional, Herb, S. F., additional, Riemenschneider, R. W., additional, Peifer, J. J., additional, Muesing, R., additional, Janssen, F., additional, Schmit, J. A., additional, Buchnea, Dmytro, additional, Dufek, E. J., additional, DeJarlais, W. J., additional, Feuge, R. O., additional, Zarins, Zigrida, additional, Kircher, H. W., additional, Johnston, A. E., additional, Glass, C. A., additional, Schmolka, I. R., additional, Cenker, M., additional, Kokorudz, M., additional, Mangold, H. K., additional, Houle, C. R., additional, Bistline, R. G., additional, Stirton, A. J., additional, Berglund, E. D., additional, Crecelius, S. B., additional, Cohen, Irving, additional, Economou, Peter, additional, Spangler, W. G., additional, Watanabe, Henry, additional, Groves, W. L., additional, Netzel, D. A., additional, Stanley, C. W., additional, Rathburn, D. W., additional, Reck, R. A., additional, Molnar, N. M., additional, Baron, S., additional, Horning, E. C., additional, Holmes, W. L., additional, Hamilton, J. G., additional, Muldrey, J. E., additional, Goldsmith, Grace A., additional, Shulman, G. P., additional, Link, W. E., additional, Lew, H. Y., additional, Desmond, C. T., additional, Borden, W. T., additional, Gildenberg, L., additional, Lundgren, D. P., additional, Keily, H. J., additional, Knaggs, E. A., additional, Varenyi, L., additional, Yeager, J. A., additional, Fischer, E., additional, Weil, J. K., additional, Morrisroe, J., additional, Atwood, R. W., additional, Temple, R. E., additional, Malins, D. C., additional, Wekell, J. C., additional, Morrissette, R. A., additional, Ven Horst, Helen, additional, Rohwedder, W. K., additional, Selke, E., additional, Scholfield, C. R., additional, Tulloch, A. P., additional, Schmid, H. H. O., additional, Lundberg, W. O., additional, Harris, J. A., additional, Magne, F. C., additional, Skau, E. L., additional, Mehrens, J. E., additional, Smullin, C. F., additional, Cooper, A. D., additional, Tuna, N., additional, Heimberg, M., additional, Fizette, N. B., additional, Klausner, H., additional, Horning, M., additional, Mayer, S. E., additional, Swoboda, P. A. T., additional, Lea, C. H., additional, Chipault, J. R., additional, Mizuno, G. R., additional, Anderson, R. H., additional, Huntley, T. E., additional, Moser, Helen A., additional, Evans, C. D., additional, Kwolek, W. F., additional, Hill, F. D., additional, Hammond, E. G., additional, Pohle, W. D., additional, Gregory, R. L., additional, Van Giessen, B., additional, Weiss, T. J., additional, Taylor, J. R., additional, Ahern, J. J., additional, Rolker, J. H., additional, Rheineck, A. E., additional, Shulman, Sol, additional, Brand, B. G., additional, Schoen, H. O., additional, Gast, L. E., additional, Cowan, J. C., additional, Peng, S. C. S., additional, Wood, D. L., additional, Hopper, L. L., additional, Dollear, F. G., additional, Zimmerman, D. D., additional, Therriault, D. G., additional, Taylor, J. F., additional, Westphal, U., additional, Mullen, J. D., additional, Smith, D. E., additional, Riser, G. R., additional, Bloom, F. W., additional, Witnauer, L. P., additional, Mod, R. R., additional, Bell, E. W., additional, Friedrich, J. P., additional, Maerker, G., additional, Haeberer, E. T., additional, Ault, W. C., additional, Kenney, H. E., additional, Komanowsky, Daria, additional, Wrigley, A. N., additional, Eisner, Abner, additional, Perlstein, Theodore, additional, Beal, R. E., additional, Fitton, P., additional, Pryde, E. H., additional, Mayland, B. J., additional, Harvin, R. L., additional, Trimarke, C. R., additional, Frankel, E. N., additional, Davison, V. L., additional, Emken, E., additional, Mabrouk, A. F., additional, Lavery, H., additional, Oakley, H. B., additional, Lovegren, N. V., additional, Bradshaw, B., additional, Scott, W. E., additional, Krewson, C. F., additional, Oswald, J., additional, Crauer, L. S., additional, Pennington, H., additional, Carter, Fairie Lyn, additional, Frampton, V. L., additional, McGhee, J. E., additional, Kirk, L. D., additional, Mustakas, G. C., additional, Griffin, E. L., additional, Allen, L. E., additional, Smith, O. B., additional, Downey, R. K., additional, Black, L. T., additional, Jurbergs, K. A., additional, Dowling, D. J., additional, Szutowicz, Walter, additional, McKillican, Mary E., additional, Bell, J. M., additional, Rahm, J. J., additional, Kaunitz, Hans, additional, Johnson, Ruth Ellen, additional, Blank, Merle, additional, Privett, O. S., additional, Mahadevan, V., additional, Cubero, E., additional, Sand, D., additional, and Feldman, G. L., additional

Published
1963
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16. Long-term stability of human immunodeficiency virus viral load and infectivity in whole blood.

Author

Vandamme AM, Van Laethem K, Schmit JC, Van Wijngaerden E, Reynders M, Debyser Z, Witvrouw M, Van Ranst M, De Clercq E, and Desmyter J

Subjects
Freezing, HIV Core Protein p24 blood, Humans, RNA, Viral blood, Temperature, Time Factors, HIV Infections blood, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 isolation & purification, HIV-1 pathogenicity, Viral Load
Abstract

Background: We intended to evaluate the stability of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 virions in whole blood and in culture medium., Materials and Method: EDTA whole-blood samples taken from 12 patients were left at room temperature for up to 7 days, and aliquots of a laboratory virus stock spiked in EDTA, in heparinized or in citrated whole blood, with or without the addition of Triton X-100, or spiked in culture medium were left at room temperature for up to 120 days before plasma was separated and frozen at -80 degrees C. Viral load was measured for all frozen plasma samples using different viral load assays. p24 antigen and infectivity were also measured in the spiked samples., Results: The patient whole-blood samples did not show any decrease in viral load during this 7-day period. The spiked samples decayed by not more than 1 log after 120 days (about 4 months), with the fastest decay in medium. Virus infectivity decayed very slowly from 20,000 units mL-1 to undetectable amounts after 56 days., Conclusions: These results indicate that HIV-1 virions in whole blood possess a long-term stability in terms of viral load, p24 antigen level and infectivity, which is not sufficiently recognized by laboratory and health care workers.

Published
1999
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17. High frequency of Pneumocystis carinii sp.f. hominis colonization in HIV-negative patients.

Author

Nevez G, Jounieaux V, Linas MD, Guyot K, Leophonte P, Massip P, Schmit JL, Seguela JP, Camus D, Dei-Cas E, Raccurt C, and Mazars E

Subjects
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections microbiology, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid microbiology, DNA, Fungal analysis, DNA, Ribosomal genetics, France, Humans, Polymerase Chain Reaction methods, Prospective Studies, RNA, Ribosomal genetics, HIV Seronegativity, Pneumocystis isolation & purification, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis microbiology
Published
1997
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