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Abstract Osimertinib is the standard treatment for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with an active epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation and a T790M mutation—present in cases of acquired resistance. However, there have been no reports on the efficacy of osimertinib in patients with EGFR G719S and de novo T790M mutations. Here, we present the case of a 71‐year‐old woman who received first‐line osimertinib for lung adenocarcinoma with G719S and de novo T790M mutations. A partial response was observed after osimertinib initiation; however, the disease progressed 5 months after. Next‐generation sequencing using a rebiopsy sample from the brain metastases revealed no newly acquired resistance mutations, including EGFR C797S. From experience, the efficacy of osimertinib in NSCLC with G719S and T790M compound mutations may be poor. Therefore, optimal treatment for these cases should be determined.

Abstract The IMpower133 regimen, composed of atezolizumab/etoposide (VP‐16)/carboplatin (CBDCA), is the standard first‐line treatment for extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC). However, the safety and efficacy of triplet therapy in patients receiving dialysis have not been sufficiently evaluated. Here, we report two cases of dialysis patients with ES‐SCLC who received the modified IMpower133 regimen. Patient 1 was a 69‐year‐old man, and patient 2 was a 73‐year‐old man who received dialysis because of end‐stage renal failure caused by diabetic nephropathy. Both patients received a modified IMpower133 regimen in the following order: atezolizumab (1200 mg/body) on day 1, VP‐16 (50 mg/m2) on days 1 and 3, and CBDCA (300 mg/m2) on day 1. Four hours of dialysis was performed 1 hour after completing the administration of CBDCA on Day 1 and 2 hours after completing the administration of VP‐16 on Day 3. Both patients achieved a partial response and received atezolizumab maintenance therapy after four cycles of triplet therapy without uncontrollable adverse events. By modifying the dosage, the order of drugs, and the timing of dialysis, the IMpower133 regimen may be tolerable and effective for patients receiving dialysis.

Abstract Introduction Airway resistance and reactance, measured by forced oscillometry, are used to measure the airway obstruction in patients with asthma. Objectives This study aimed to investigate the oscillometric bronchodilator responses in treated and untreated asthma and evaluate its association with airway inflammation and disease duration. Materials and methods This study included 30 nonsmoking patients with mild to moderate treated asthma, 25 patients with newly diagnosed untreated asthma and 29 control subjects. Spirometric and oscillometric measurements were performed before and after inhalation of 400 µg salbutamol. Disease duration was defined as the number of years since asthma diagnosis. Results At airway resistance of 5 Hz (R5) and 20 Hz (R20), bronchodilator responses in patients with untreated and treated asthma were greater than those in control subjects. In patients with untreated asthma, higher fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FeNO) levels were strongly correlated with greater reversibility of R20 (rs = −0.621, P < 0.001). In patients with treated asthma, there was no significant association between FeNO and oscillometric reversibility, whereas longer disease duration was significantly associated with lesser bronchodilator response at R20 (rs = 0.441, P < 0.05). Treated asthma patients with longer disease duration (≥10 years) showed significantly higher post‐bronchodilator R5 and R20 than the treated asthma patients with shorter disease duration (

Abstract Background To best employ radium‐223 dichloride (Ra‐223) for patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and bone metastasis, we investigated the bone‐predominant status in patients treated with Ra‐223. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 127 CRPC patients who underwent treatment with Ra‐223. The patients were divided into three groups based on the types of dynamic changes of bone metastasis between diagnosis and just before Ra‐223: (a) only known lesions; (b) de novo lesions; (c) new progressive lesions. We developed the risk assessment using predictive factors based on progression‐free survival (PFS). Results During the median follow‐up period of 10.4 months, the median PFS in the only known lesions group was 11.3 months compared to 8.1 months in the de novo lesions group and 5.1 months in the new progressive lesions group (P 1 (HR 1.74, 95% CI 1.04‐2.89, P = .034), PSA value of >100 ng/mL (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.02‐2.50, P = .043), and PSA doubling time (PSADT) of