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Background Insulin resistance (IR) is closely linked to cardiometabolic diseases. Preventing and improving IR in nondiabetic populations is critically important. We aimed to investigate the relationship between Life's Essential 8 (LE8), the latest tool from the American Heart Association quantifying cardiovascular health, and IR among nondiabetic populations in the United States. Methods and Results This cross‐sectional study used data on 11 246 nondiabetic adults aged ≥20 years from the 2005 to 2018 the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The LE8 score was classified into 2 subscale scores: health factor score and health behavior score. IR was measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR). Weighted logistic and linear regression models analyzed associations among the LE8 score, health behavior score, health factor score, and IR. Restricted cubic spline models assessed dose–response relationships. Adjusted subgroup analyses and inverse probability of treatment weighting method also evaluated the LE8‐IR relationship. Of the 11 246 participants, 4860 (43.2%) had IR. The mean LE8 score was 70.07 (95% CI, 69.57–70.58). In fully adjusted models, higher LE8 scores were associated with lower IR odds (odds ratio per 10‐unit increase, 0.57 [95% CI, 0.54–0.61]). Nonlinear LE8‐IR dose–response was observed. Similar patterns were seen for health behavior and health factor subscores, with stronger IR correlations for health factors. The inverse LE8‐IR association was significantly more pronounced among White participants and those with higher education, higher income, and without hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or chronic kidney disease. Significant negative LE8‐IR associations persisted after inverse probability of treatment weighting. Conclusions LE8 and subscale scores are negatively associated with IR in a nonlinear relationship. Promoting optimal cardiovascular health adherence may improve IR in nondiabetic populations.

Abstract Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease. Due to the complexity of its molecular pathogenesis and the interaction of the numerous factors involved, the etiology and pathogenesis of AD have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, effective treatment for AD remains to be developed. Evodiamine, a quinolone alkaloid, has been found to improve learning and memory ability to in the APPswe/PS1△E9 mouse model of dementia. However, the cytotoxicity and physicochemical properties of evodiamine have limited its use in the treatment of AD. Methods Evodiamine and its derivatives were effectively synthesized by EDCI‐mediated condensation at room temperature. These target compounds contained 1 thio‐ and 21 oxo‐evodiamine derivatives with different substituted groups. The cytotoxicity of evodiamine and its derivatives and the neuroprotective effects of the evodiamine derivatives against H2O2‐induced cell loss in SH‐SY5Y cells were investigated using the WST‐8 assay. The Morris water‐maze test was used to detect the effect of evodiamine and its derivatives on improving learning and memory in APPswe/PS1△E9 mice. Results In this study, a series of oxo‐ and thio‐evodiamine derivatives was synthesized. Several derivatives showed lower cytotoxicity and stronger neuroprotective effects than evodiamine and elicited enhanced cognitive improvement, especially in the test of spatial memory in APPswe/PS1△E9 mice. Conclusion Our study provides insights for developing novel evodiamine derivatives for chemical intervention and treatment of AD.

Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and its composites have good electrocatalytic performance. Quartz column is a good kind of catalyst carrier with the characteristics of high mechanical strength and good stability. A novel Bi-modified quartz column particle electrode (BQP) was prepared by the dipping-calcination method. The characterization results revealed that Bi2O3 was successfully loaded on quartz column. The optimum preparation condition was calcining at 550°C for 4 h. Electrocatalytic performance was evaluated by the degradation of phenol and the results indicated that the triclinic phase of Bi2O3 showed the best electrocatalytic property. Besides, when the dosage concentration of the particle electrode was 125 g/L and the electrolytic voltage was 12 V, the degradation rate of phenol (200 mg/L) reached the highest (94.25%), compared with 70.00% of that in two-dimensional (2D) system. In addition, the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 75.50%, compared with 53.30% of that in 2D system. The reusability and regeneration of BQP were investigated and the results were good. Mechanism of enhanced electrochemical oxidation by BQP was evaluated by the capture of hydroxyl radical.