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This study aims to (1) identify the most prevalent perceived barriers for healthy eating and performing physical activity among adults in Mexico; and (2) determine the association between perceived barriers, with body mass index (BMI) categories, geo-demographic and socio-economic characteristics. We carried out a cross-sectional, secondary analysis of publicly available data from the Mexican Health and Nutrition Survey 2016. We extracted data from 6406 adults, aged 20-65 years, including: perceived barriers for healthy eating and for performing physical activity, BMI, residence area, region of Mexico, sex, age and socio-economic status. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between perceived barriers with the categories of obesity, geographic and socio-demographic variables. Seventy-four point nine percent of the respondents were categorised as having either overweight or obesity, 80.5% reported at least one barrier to healthy eating and 78.3% at least one barrier to performing physical activity. Of the listed barriers, the most reported barriers were 'lack of affordability' (58.6%) for healthy eating and 'lack of time' (51.2%) for performing physical activity. Females (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.46) and people with obesity (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.41) were more likely to report barriers to a healthy diet; and females (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.41 to 1.59), people with obesity (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.69) and those living in rural areas (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.72) were more likely to report barriers to performing physical activity. There was a high prevalence of reported barriers for healthy eating and performing physical activity. Females, people with obesity, and those living in rural areas are more likely to report barriers for healthy eating and for performing physical activity. Targeted health programmes and tailored interventions that address the barriers to a healthy lifestyle that these groups experience may encourage healthier lifestyle behaviours in a greater proportion of Mexican adults.

The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiology, aetiology as well as the knowledge, attitudes, and practices relating to burn injuries in Palestine. A mixed-method approach was used. A survey was distributed to a total of 1500 households selected by randomised approach. The survey was standardised based on World Health Organisation's guidelines for conducting community surveys on injury. Additionally, there were 12 focus group discussions and 10 key informant interviews to collect rich qualitative data. In the West Bank and Gaza, 1.5% of Palestinians had experienced serious burn injuries in the 12 months. The total sample of 1500 yields a margin of error (plus/minus) = 2.5% at a 95% level of confidence and a response distribution (P = 50%) with 3% non-response rate. Of the 1500 households approached, 184 reported a total of 196 burn injuries, with 87.2% occurring inside the home: 69.4% were females and 39.3% were children. The main source of reported cause of burn was heat and flame (36%), electric current (31.6%), hot liquid (28.6%), and chemicals (2.7%). The most common first aid for burns was pouring water (74.7%). People in rural, refugee, and Bedouin settings had the highest incidence of burns. This study provides the burn prevalence rate, explanatory factors that contribute to the frequency of burns in Palestine. Making burn prevention a higher priority within the national policy is crucial.

Magnetism is typically associated with d- or f-block elements, but can also appear in organic molecules with unpaired ��-electrons. This has considerably boosted the interest in such organic materials with large potential for spintronics and quantum applications. While several materials showing either d/f or ��-electron magnetism have been synthesized, the combination of both features within the same structure has only scarcely been reported. Open-shell porphyrins (Pors) incorporating d-block transition metal ions represent an ideal platform for the realization of such architectures. Herein, the preparation of a series of open-shell, ��-extended Pors that contain magnetically active metal ions (i.e., CuII , CoII , and FeII ) through a combination of in-solution and on-surface synthesis is reported. A detailed study of the magnetic interplay between ��- and d-electrons in these metalloPors has been performed by scanning probe methods and density functional theory calculations. For the Cu and FePors, ferromagnetically coupled ��-electrons are determined to be delocalized over the Por edges. For the CoPor, the authors find a Kondo resonance resulting from the singly occupied CoII dz 2 orbital to dominate the magnetic fingerprint. The Fe derivative exhibits the highest magnetization of 3.67 ��B (S���2) and an exchange coupling of 16 meV between the ��-electrons and the Fe d-states.

An experimental study of the dewatering of wood-pulp fiber suspensions by uniaxial compression is presented, to rationalize their dewatering dynamics within a two-phase framework. Twenty-seven pulp suspensions are examined, encompassing materials with different origins, preparation methodologies, and secondary treatments. For each suspension in this library, the network permeability and compressive yield stress are calibrated at low rates of dewatering. Faster compressions are then used to verify that a solid bulk viscosity is essential to match two-phase model predictions with experimental observations, and to parameterize its magnitude. By comparing the results with a suspension of nylon fibers, we demonstrate that none of the wood-pulp suspensions behave like an idealized fibrous porous medium. Nevertheless, the properties of pulp fiber networks can be reconciled within a two-phase framework, and comparisons made between different wood-pulp suspensions and between wood-pulp and nylon fibers, by appealing to potential microstructural origins of their macroscopic behavior.

he anomalous Hall effect (AHE) is a fundamental spintronic charge-to-charge-current conversion phenomenon and closely related to spin-to-charge-current conversion by the spin Hall effect. Future high-speed spintronic devices will crucially rely on such conversion phenomena at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Here, it is revealed that the AHE remains operative from DC up to 40 THz with a flat frequency response in thin films of three technologically relevant magnetic materials: DyCo5, Co32Fe68, and Gd27Fe73. The frequency-dependent conductivity-tensor elements ?xx and ?yx?are?measured, and good agreement with DC measurements is found. The experimental findings are fully consistent with ab initio calculations of ?yx for CoFe and highlight the role of the large Drude scattering rate (?100 THz) of metal thin films, which smears out any sharp spectral features of the THz AHE. Finally, it is found that the intrinsic contribution to the THz AHE dominates over the extrinsic mechanisms for the Co32Fe68 sample. The results imply that the AHE and related effects such as the spin Hall effect are highly promising ingredients of future THz spintronic devices reliably operating from DC to 40 THz and beyond.

In 1991, Christopher Hood made a substantial contribution to public administration research when he formulated the concept of New Public Management (NPM). His article can in many ways be understood ...

Scholarship finds that in states with judicial elections, public opinion affects judges’ decisions on hot‐button campaign issues such as the death penalty or marijuana legalization. Yet the literature leaves open the question of how public opinion affects judicial decisions on less salient issues, which not only dominate the dockets of state supreme courts but also encompass areas of major legal and policy significance. We consider one such issue that infrequently emerges in judicial campaigns, environmental law. Specifically, we collect an original dataset of over 5,000 judicial votes on nearly 1,000 cases heard in 40 state supreme courts from 1990–2014. We find that for the dataset as a whole, there is not a significant effect of public opinion on judicial decisions in any of the major judicial selection systems. However, in the few states in which environmental issues have been the subject of campaign attack ads, we find evidence of such a relationship during the years following the ads. These results contribute to a growing literature that suggests elections can reduce judicial independence from public opinion.

textabstractBackground: Hyaluronic acid fillers are known for a reliable safety profile, but complications do occur, even serious vascular adverse events. Objective: To improve the safety of hyaluronic acid filler treatments. Methods: Ultrasound is used to image hyaluronic acid fillers. Results: Before a filler treatment is performed with ultrasound, previous filler treatments can be brought in to sight and vascular mapping can be performed. In case of adverse events, the filler and the surrounding tissues are visible. Dislocation, abscesses, and vascular adverse events can be seen. Under ultrasound guidance, hyaluronidase can be injected directly into the filler deposit. Conclusion: Ultrasound examination can be an important tool to improve the safety of hyaluronic acid filler treatments.

Publisher's version (útgefin grein), Evolutionary theories of seasonal migration generally assume that the costs of longer migrations are balanced by benefits at the non-breeding destinations. We tested, and rejected, the null hypothesis of equal survival and timing of spring migration for High Arctic breeding sanderling Calidris alba using six and eight winter destinations between 55°N and 25°S, respectively. Annual apparent survival was considerably lower for adult birds wintering in tropical West Africa (Mauritania: 0.74 and Ghana: 0.75) than in three European sites (0.84, 0.84 and 0.87) and in subtropical Namibia (0.85). Moreover, compared with adults, second calendar-year sanderlings in the tropics, but not in Europe, often refrained from migrating north during the first possible breeding season. During northward migration, tropical-wintering sanderlings occurred at their final staging site in Iceland 5–15 days later than birds wintering further north or south. Namibia-wintering sanderlings tracked with solar geolocators only staged in West Africa during southward migration. The low annual survival, the later age of first northward migration and the later passage through Iceland during northward migration of tropical-wintering sanderlings, in addition to the skipping of this area during northward but not southward migration by Namibia-wintering sanderlings, all suggest they face issues during the late non-breeding season in West Africa. Migrating sanderlings defy long distances but may end up in winter areas with poor fitness prospects. We suggest that ecological conditions in tropical West Africa make the fuelling prior to northward departure problematic., Annual expeditions to Mauritania were organized by NIOZ, and we especially thank Maarten Brugge, Anne Dekinga, Jutta Leyrer and Bernard Spaans for their contributions. The Parc National du Banc d'Arguin granted research permits and facilitated access. J.R. and T.S.L.V. thank Aarhus University for logistical support at Zackenberg. Benoît Sittler organized expeditions to Karupelv Valley. The Farlington Ringing Group provided cannon‐net equipment. This work was supported by two grants from the Netherlands Polar Programme (851.40.072 and 866.15.207) of the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific research (NWO) and from the Metawad project awarded by Waddenfonds (WF209925) to JR and TP. The measurements in Mauritania had their beginnings in the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfondsprijs to TP. JR and TP also received INTERACT grants for Transnational Access from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (grant agreement No262693). JR received a generous donation from World Wildlife Fund Netherlands. JAA was supported by FCT (SFRH/BPD/91527/2012). OG and Loïc Bollache were supported by the French Polar Institute (IPEV; program ‘1036 Interactions') and TL by a Veni grant (no. 016.Veni.192.245) from NWO. The authors declare no conflict of interest. This study is based on the efforts of more than 2,000 observers reporting colour‐ringed sanderlings. We especially thank Guðmundur Örn Benediktsson, John Bowler, Ruth Croger, Anne de Potier, Benjamin Gnep, Kim Fischer, Kirsten Grond, Eileen Hughes, Hilger Lemke, Pedro Lourenço, Andy Johnson, Pierre Leon, Jelle Loonstra, Sebastien Nedellec, Afonso Rocha, Brian Rogers, Ron Summers, Jan van Dijk and Hein Verkade. Anneke Bol, Marco van der Velde and Yvonne Verkuil molecularly sexed the majority of birds, Maria Teixeira and Jérôme Moreau sexed eight individuals. Ron Porter created flags for geolocator attachment. Eldar Rakhimberdiev answered questions concerning FLightR and Allert Bijleveld, Jesse Conklin, Rosemarie Kentie, Thomas Oudman, Janne Ouwehand, Emma Penning, Eldar Rakhimberdiev, Brett Sandercock, Ron Summers, Yvonne Verkuil and two reviewers critically commented on drafts. Benjamin Gnep created Figure.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the characteristics of individuals with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis who are recommended to seek physiotherapy or exercise treatment, and to explore which people are more or less likely to follow such recommendations. METHODS: All data were obtained from Wave 4 of the English Longitudinal Study of (ELSA) cohort (2008-2009), a prospectively collected community-based dataset. Eligibility was justified by a patient-reported diagnosis of hip and/or knee osteoarthritis with a visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score of one or above. Data were collected from a self-completed questionnaire and nurse assessment visit. Prevalence of being recommended to physiotherapy or exercise (or not) and then the actioning of this recommendation (or not) were calculated and presented as 95% confidence intervals (CI). Data on characteristics of those recommended (or not) were explored using univariate analyses and then a forward selection logistic regression model. RESULTS: In total, 1262 and 1877 individuals with hip and/or knee osteoarthritis pain were analysed. This included 41% (95% CI: 0.38 to 0.44) who had been recommended to seek physiotherapy or exercise treatment. Subsequently, 83% of those recommended sought these treatments. Individuals who presented with isolated knee pain, those who reported ‘fair’ self-reported general health and were younger had a greater chance of being recommended for physiotherapy or exercise treatment respectively (P≤0.02). CONCLUSION: Encouragement should be given to formal and informal care providers of older people to highlight this inequality. This may then improve current and future access to evidence-based treatments for this population. "This is the peer reviewed version of the following article:Smith, T., Collier, T., Smith, B., and Mansfield, M. (2019). Who seeks physiotherapy or exercise treatment for hip and knee osteoarthritis? A cross-sectional analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases, which has been published in final form at DOI xxxx This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions." KEYWORDS: Degenerative joint; rehabilitation; exercise therapy; non-surgical; referral patterns; access